Chandan Kumar Bhattacharya

Vattacharja Chandan (also known as Chandan Kumar Bhattacharya), is a bilingual (Bengali and English) writer, poet, composer and mail artist. He was born in 1944 in the small town of Tamluk (now in Purba Medinipur District), which was the ancient Indian port of Tamralipta in West Bengal. Chandan came to Kolkata after finishing his high-school studies at Tamluk Hamilton High School. After graduating from Asutosh College, he obtained his master of arts degree in political science from the University of Calcutta. He hoped to become an experimental scientist like Jagadish Chandra Bose, Newton or Edison. Although Chandan did not accomplish this, he expresses his love of experimentation in art and literature.

In 1968 and for several years thereafter, he participated in poetry readings at the Saturday open-air MuktaMela fairs at the Kolkata Maidan grounds with other contemporary poets like Tushar Roy, Rabindra Bhattacharya, Bablu Roy Choudhury, Satya Ranjan Biswas, Pranab Basu Ray, Samar Bandyopadhyay and Abu Atahar; this taught him how to perform his poetry in later life. It was the launch-pad where he could mobilise his associates when, after editing a few hand-written magazines, he was trying to begin a new literary movement. At the MuktaMela he discovered Dilip Gupta, Ashis Deb and Shukla Mazumder, with whom he launched the Prakalpana Movement in Bengali literature with the countercultural magazine Swatotsar in 1969.

Prakalpana and Chetanavyas

Chandan coined the word prakalpana (meaning "proper imagination"), an amalgam of pra from prabandha (essay), ka from kabita (poetry), lpa from galpa (story) andna from natak (drama). Later, he expanded its origins more globally: P for prose, poetry and graphics; R for story; A for art, Chetanavyas and essay; K for kinema; L for novel, culture and play and N for song. Although the word prakalpana is found in some Indian languages, Chandan used it as the name of a new form of composition and movement. That eventually led him to begin his ongoing magnum opus Atiprithibi 1. The first part of the Bengali version as well as the English version, Cosmosphere 1[1], have been published.

Chandan authored the first prakalpana book, Porimandal, which was published on Prakalpana Day (6 September 1975). In the early 1970s he developed the philosophy underlying the Prakalpana Movement and its counterpart (the Sarbangin Poetry Movement), which he called Chetanavyas. According to Chandan, what is seen everywhere is change (in the outer world of matter and in the inner world of sense and consciousness). This is Chetanavyas, which is the conflux and interaction of chetana (sense) and abvyas (wont, or custom). "Sense" is assigned the widest conceivable meaning here, as the feature differentiating a living object with a lifeless one, and includes attributes of the conscious and subconscious mind. "Wont" (abvyas) is used here as the habit of living objects and the nature of non-living ones. As habit may be considered as "second nature", that second nature evolves over time; the smallest unit of a living organism works and perishes faster than that of a lifeless object like a granite stone. Thus the universe, which is perceivable only through the higher form of sense that is consciousness, is composed of sense-full and senseless matters acting, reacting and interacting internally and externally in accustomed ways during their respective spans of time. After this they degenerate, decompose and dwindle to dust or particles, to be regenerated and recomposed again in some form. Apart from Chetanavyasism and Prakalpana, Chandan's other teachings (part of the Prakalpana Movement) include Sarbangin poetry, flow verse, visual effects, "golden language", "proverse", mathematical dimensions and sonorous, musical and repetition effects. Appraisals of his prakalpana include:

" The bizarre but compelling language is given an enhanced weirdness by the slightly awkward obviousness of its trans from Bengali sometimes resulting in an enjoyable ...effect."

" I enjoyed the most....the experimental fiction piece Aurora On The River Gour, which bordered on inaccessible at times but was interesting nonetheless..."

Sarbangin poetry

Some critics label Chandan's writings as concrete or visual poetry, because he uses his drawings and symbols in his writings. Concerning this belief, Steve LeBlank (who interviewed Chandan in the early 1990s) commented:

“The visual element is important but not crucial. Chandan, for example, has developed his own key of signs and symbols which he routinely uses in writing. Symbols which, he says, help distinguish Prakalpana from other forms of writing……Chandan takes care to distinguish his symbols, and the way they are used from other types of writing and poetry which also rely on symbols, including visual and concrete poetry."

Dilip Gupta, critiquing Chandan's Posha Paahkhi Hobona: I Won’t Be a Pet Bird, observed:

“……he is the inventor and propagator of a separate, distinctive genre of literary forms.….Chandan says that it’s quite needless to knock on the head and pain it, it’s equally needless to read the stony book of prosody — prepare your ear’s ability and do not stop the flow of words coming ahead in your mind, let those come spontaneously. Then the inner inspiration will bestow a particular form, a particular meter, which suits you and the poem most, in which the theme of the poem will come out in a very easy and spontaneous style and meter— this is Flow Verse, verse that flows without having any pressure made by the poet’s intellect.….All these poems demands listening, not only reading — and these should be hearkened from Chandan’s voice— it’s a fantastic experience! I can say it with affirmation, as I have myself heard it. When Chandan from a stage recite these poems with music or modulation of tones, we don’t know what a game he then plays, whole audience becomes undulating…..he does it with the help of many objects and symbols— symbols may be in rhymes, may be in pictures, may be in music, the word-symbols or rhythmic orchestra, may also be mathematical— Chandan extends the dimension of the poem, its inner substance with the help of those scattered elements—scene-touch-taste-scent, every emotion coming out of those sensuousness suggested in a poem— and the poem becomes a Sarbangin Poetry (total poetry), which is the sole quest and attainment of Chandan”.

He employs his unique "golden language" – mixing refined language, archaic words, spoken language and the repetitive use of compound portmanteau words (like "wikipedia") coined by him, as noted by Paul McDonald:

"You get the impression that Chandan is just having fun with language – chasing it around in the hope that it will lead him somewhere significant. As always, of course, significance resides in the chase itself.... His writing brightened up my day considerably."

Literary career

Chandan received an Alpha Beta Honorary Mention Award in 1971 for his first book of poetry, Byabiloner Shunya Baagaane. His literature and mail art have been published in magazines and online media in India, the US, Italy, Bangladesh and Brazil. Chandan has been indexed in Who’s Who of Indian Writers (published by Sahitya Akademi), Asian Writers Who's Who, The International Authors and Writers Who's Who, Reference Asia: Asia’s Who’s Who of Men & Women of Achievement, Asia/Pacific Who’s Who, Asia-Men & Women of Achievement (published in Malaysia), Asian/American Who’s Who, Who’s Who in Asia and Who’s Who in the World (published by Marquis in the US). As an Indian delegate (with Sunil Gangopadhyay and others) writers to the Asian Literary Leaders Conference in Washington, DC in 1997, he met Nobel laureate Derek Walcott and other renowned poets and writers. Chandan was feted at the World Bengali Personality Conference Bangladesh at Dhaka in 2000 and 2004, and by Madhusudan Academy and the Bangladesh Poets Foundation in 2004 in Sagardanri. He has visited Europe, Africa and elsewhere in Asia, frequently performing a collection of his poetry entitled Chandan Gaan (Chandan Songs). Chandan's album of musical poetry, Jug Jug Jio (Music Millennia, Kolkata) was released in 1999. His poetry has been included in The Sound of Poetry, a CD published by the International Library of Poetry in the US in 2002.

He has also introduced the concepts of Prakalpana art and Western mail art in India through the Prakalpana Movement. Chandan's bilingual (Bengali-English) magazines Kobisena and Prakalpana Sahitya: Prakalpana Literature have attracted readers, writers, mail artists and critics worldwide, including avant-garde writers and mail artists Richard Kostelanetz, Sheila Murphy, John Light, John M. Bennett, Don Webb, Brett K. Fletcher, Carla Bertola, Norman J. Olson and Jose Roberto Sechi. Interviewer Steve LeBlanc said:

“…a revelation, a fragile literary missive lovingly produced, a message from one human being to another.”

Chandan's work, theories and role as a harbinger of the experimental and avant-garde literary movement in India have surrounded him with controversy. However, he continues to march to his own drummer:

Published work

• Byabiloner Shunnya Bagane (poetry). Kolkata: Alpha Beta Publications, 1971.
• Saral Karo: Vaalobashaa (poetry). Kolkata, 1974.
• Posha Paakhi Hobonaa : I Won’t Be a Pet Bird (poetry). Kolkata, 1998 (ISBN 81-85304-83-1 Search this book on .).
• Swaadhikar Sanad (essay). Kolkata, 1974.
• Prakalpana Andoloner Ishtahar (manifesto on the Prakalpana Movement). Kolkata, 1974.
• Porimandal (prakalpana). Kolkata, 1975.
• Atiprithibi 1 (prakalpana). Kolkata: Quark, 2009.

e-book

• Cosmosphere 1 (prakalpana). Smashwords Inc, 2011. (ISBN 978-1-4580-7915-2 Search this book on .).

Anthologies

• Udvinna Prakalpana: Upsurging Prakalpana (prakalpana anthology, edited by Vattacharja Chandan). Kolkata, 1975.
• Sarbangin Kobita 1 (Sarbangin Poetry 1). Kolkata, 1978.
• Akhon Kobita Porchhen (poetry). Kolkata: Kanthaswar, 1973.
• Samabeto Kanthaswar (poetry). Kolkata: Kanthaswar, 1976.
• Sampadak Somipeshu (short story). Kolkata: Kanthaswar, 1976.
• Kobita: Shat Shottor (poetry). Baruipur: Mohadiganta, 1982.
• Shreshtha Shottor (poetry). Kolkata: Bishoy Kobita, 1999.
• Bharatbarsha-86 (poetry). Kolkata: Great Bengal.
• Ekaaler Bangla Kobita 3 (poetry). Kolkata: Rotnakar Prokaashon, 1978.
• Flying Petrels (poetry). Kolkata: Progressive Writers’ Guild, 1991.
• Under a Quicksilver Moon (poetry). US: International Library of Poetry, 2002.

Sources

• Purba Bharatiya Sanskritir Ruprekha, p. 271. Dr. Nilkanta Singh, West Bengal Government, 1977.
• Bangla Sahityer Nana Roop by Suddhasatwa Basu. Kolkata: Akshar, Bhadra 1380.
• Chobbi O Chhorar Album, p. 27, by Pabitra Adhikari. Kolkata: Great Bengal, 1988.
• Bangla Galpa-Kobita Andoloner Tin Dashak by Sandip Dutta. Kolkata: Radical Impression, 1993.
• Shater Kobita: Chinha Binyas by Prabuddha Bagchi. Kolkata: Patralekha, 1997.
• Who's Who Of Indian Writers by Kartik Chandra Dutt. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1999.
• Small Press Record of Books in Print (edited by Len Fulton). Paradise (USA): Dustbooks.
• Swatotsar, numbers 1–20 (1969–1979).
• Kobisena, numbers 1–44 (1972– ).
• Prakalpana Sahitya / Prakalpana Literature, numbers 1–23 (1977– ).
• Interview with Vattacharja Chandan by Charjyapad. Kolkata, Kobipokhha 1390.
• Interview with Vattacharja Chandan by Harina Harinir (number 3), Kolkata.
• Version 90,, "Songs of Kobisena" (interview with Vattacharja Chandan by Steve LeBlanc). PMS Cafe Press, Alston, MS, USA.
• New Hope International Review vol. 14 nr. 6, vol. 17 nr. 5, vol. 18 nr. 5. Hyde, UK.
• Zine World number 22. Murfreesboro, Tennessee, USA.
• Scavenger's Newsletter numbers 52, 127, 165. Osage City, KS, USA.
• Offerta Speciale number 37. Torino, Italy, 2006.
• Short Fuse numbers 69, 70, 72, 79, 80. Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
• Generator numbers 3, 4, 7. Mentor, OH, USA.
• The Drunken Boat vol. 1, nr. 4. Philadelphia, PA, USA.
• Lost & Found Times number 33. Columbus, OH, USA.
• Absinthe number 1. San Francisco, CA, USA (1991).
• Anterem number 46. Verona, Italy, 1993.
• Filling Station number 26. Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
• Pense Aqui numbers 10, 18. Rio Claro SP, Brazil.
• Texture numbers 2, 4, 6. Norman, OK, USA.
• Kathay number 1. Providence, RI, USA (1992).
• The Small Magazine Review vol. 2, nr. 10 (May 1995). Paradise, USA.
• Ananda Bazar Patrika (daily). 30 December 1973, 2 January 1974, 1 April 1974, 28 February 1975, 22 September 1975, 25 December 1975, 24 October 1977. 23 Shraban 1390.
• Vishwamitra (daily). 16 September 1976.
• Satyajug (daily). 4 August 1975, 5 July 1976, 5 July 1976, 14 September 1976, 1 January 1978, 21 February 1977, 3 January 1978, 10 January 1983.
• Jugantar (daily). 3 December 1975, 15 July 1976; 14, 25 September 1976; 29 May 1977, 4 January 1978; 9 February 1980, 5 February 1983.
• Dainik Basumati (daily). 18 October 1976, 15 March 1982.
• Hindusthan Standard (evening daily). 17 September 1976, 9 March 1977.
• Desh. 28 March 1970, 14 June 1975, 26 February 1977, 23 April 1977.
• Ghoroa (weekly). 9 April 1980, 18 April 1980.
• Wrik vol. 4 nr. 4.
• Durbasha vol. 2 nr. 2. Chaitra 1379.
• Charjapad, Ashwin 1380.
• Ekok vol. 36 nr. 1.
• Virer Chhnoa, Feb. 1984.
• Anandalok, Number 1.
• Bidisha, Number 3. 1987.
• Sahoj, Vol 10, Number 1. January 2001.
• Karah Khabar (Fortnightly). Vol 1, Number 5, 16 September, Number 7, 16 October 2009.

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