Dalai Lama
| His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso | |
|---|---|
| The 14th Dalai Lama | |
 Gyatso in 2012 | |
| 14th Dalai Lama | |
| Reign | 22 February 1940 – present |
| Predecessor | Thubten Gyatso |
| Regent | Lobsang Sangay as Sikyong (political functions)
previously Kalön Tripas
|
| Head of state of the Central Tibetan Administration | |
| In office | 1959–2012 |
| Predecessor | New creation |
| Successor | Lobsang Sangay (as Sikyong) |
| Director of the Preparatory Committee for the Tibet Autonomous Region | |
| In office | 1956–1959 |
| Predecessor | New creation |
| Successor | 10th Panchen Lama (acting) |
| 1st, 2nd Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress | |
| In office | 15 September 1954–21 December 1964 Exile to India in March 1959 |
| Born | Lhamo Thondup 6 July 1935 Taktser, Amdo, Tibet[1][2] |
| Father | Choekyong Tsering |
| Mother | Diki Tsering |
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism (Gelug school) |
| Signature |  |
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The Dalai Lama /ˈdɑːlaɪ
Between the 17th century and 1959, the Dalai Lama was the head of the Tibetan government. During winter, the Dalai Lamas stayed in the Potala palace. In summer they were in the Norbulingka palace. These two palaces are both in Lhasa, Tibet. In 1959, the Dalai Lama had to flee from Tibet to Dharamsala, India. This is still his base today.
The current Dalai Lama is His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso.
Dalai Lama is the title of Tibetan Buddhism leader. "Dalai" is original from Mongolian which means "ocean" and "Lama" is original from Tibetan which means "the highest principle". In 1653, during the Qing Dynasty, this title was authorized to Dalai Lama V by the Chinese Emperor for the first time.
Modern history[edit]
The 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso, expelled all Chinese civilians from the country, and instituted many measures to modernise Tibet.[5] These included provisions to curb excessive demands on peasants and tax evasion by the nobles, setting up an independent police force, the abolishment of the death penalty, extension of secular education, and the provision of electricity throughout the city of Lhasa in the 1920s.[6] Thubten Gyatso died in 1933.
The 14th Dalai Lama was not formally enthroned until 17 November 1950, during the People's Republic of China invasion of Tibet (1950–1951). Fearing for his life, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India where he has led a government-in-exile since.[7][8] With the aim of launching guerrilla operations against the Chinese, the Central Intelligence Agency funded the Dalai Lama $1.7 million a year in the 1960s.[9] In 2001, he gave up his absolute power over the government to an elected parliament of selected Tibetan exiles. His original goal was full independence for Tibet, but by the late 1980s, he was seeking high-level autonomy instead.[10] He is still seeking greater autonomy from China, although Dolma Gyari, deputy speaker of the parliament-in-exile has stated "If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or selfdetermination as per the UN charter".[11]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Brief Biography". DalaiLama.com. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
- ↑ "A Brief Biography of His Holiness the Dalai Lama". fmpt.org. Archived from the original on 2020-06-30. Retrieved 2020-06-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Define Dalai lama". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2014-2-21. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - ↑ "definition of Dalai Lama". The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 2014-2-21. Check date values in:
|accessdate=(help) - ↑ Sheel, R N. Rahul. 1989. The Institution of the Dalai Lama. The Tibet Journal. XIV, 3, p20.
- ↑ Norbu, Thubten Jigme and Turnbull, Colin M. 1968. Tibet: an account of the history, the religion and the people of Tibet. Touchstone Books. New York, 317–318. ISBN 0-671-20559-5 Search this book on
.
- ↑ Tibet in Exile, CTA Official website, retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ↑ Dalai Lama intends to retire as head of Tibetan state in exile by Mihai-Silviu Chirila 2010. Metrolic, retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ↑ "Dalai Lama group says it got money from C.I.A." The New York Times. 1998-10-02.
- ↑ Burke, Denis (2008-11-27). "Tibetans stick to the 'middle way'". Asia Times. Archived from the original on 2010-08-09. Retrieved 2010-08-07. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Saxena, Shobhan (2009-10-31). "The burden of being Dalai Lama". The Times of India. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
If the middle path fails in the short term, we will be forced to opt for complete independence or selfdetermination as per the UN charter
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