Dominion of India (1947–1950)
Union of India | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1947–1950 | |||||||||
.svg) Coat of arms
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Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" (Hindi)[lower-alpha 1][1][2] "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[3][1] | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Status | Commonwealth Realm | ||||||||
| Capital | New Delhi | ||||||||
| Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||||||
| Historical era | Cold War | ||||||||
| 15 August 1947 | |||||||||
• Indo-Pakistani War | 1947–48 | ||||||||
| 26 January 1950 | |||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | IN | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Dominion of India, officially the Union of India,[4] was an independent dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations existing between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950.[5] Until its independence, India had been ruled as an informal empire by the United Kingdom. The empire, also called the British Raj and sometimes the British Indian Empire, consisted of regions, collectively called British India, that were directly administered by the British government, and regions, called the princely states, that were ruled by Indian rulers under a system of paramountcy. The Dominion of India was formalised by the passage of the Indian Independence Act 1947, which also formalised an independent Dominion of Pakistan—comprising the regions of British India that are today Pakistan and Bangladesh. The Dominion of India remained "India" in common parlance but was geographically reduced. Under the Act, the British government relinquished all responsibility for administering its former territories. The government also revoked its treaty rights with the rulers of the princely states and advised them to join in a political union with India or Pakistan. Accordingly, the British monarch's regnal title, "Emperor of India," was abandoned.[6]
The Dominion of India came into existence on the partition of India and was beset by religious violence. Its creation had been preceded by a pioneering and influential anti-colonial nationalist movement which became a major factor in ending the British Raj. A new government was formed led by Jawaharlal Nehru as prime minister, and Vallabhbhai Patel as deputy prime minister, both members of the Indian National Congress. Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy, stayed on until June 1948 as independent India's first governor-general.
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- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "National Symbols | National Portal of India". India.gov.in. Archived from the original on 4 February 2017. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
The National Anthem of India Jana Gana Mana, composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore, was adopted in its Hindi version by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on 24 January 1950.
- ↑ "National anthem of India: a brief on 'Jana Gana Mana'". News18. 14 August 2012. Archived from the original on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
- ↑ Wolpert 2003, p. 1.
- ↑
- Winegard, Timothy C. (2011), Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War, Cambridge University Press, p. 2, ISBN 978-1-107-01493-0,
The first collective use (of the word "dominion") occurred at the Colonial Conference (April to May 1907) when the title was conferred upon Canada and Australia. New Zealand and Newfoundland were afforded the designation in September of that same year, followed by South Africa in 1910. These were the only British possessions recognized as Dominions at the outbreak of war. In 1922, the Irish Free State was given Dominion status, followed by the short-lived inclusion of India and Pakistan in 1947 (although India was officially recognized as the Union of India). The Union of India became the Republic of India in 1950, while the Dominion of Pakistan became the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in 1956.
- Wani, Aijaz Ashraf; Khan, Imran Ahmad; Yaseen, Tabzeer (2020), "Article 370 and 35A: Origin, Provinces, and the Politics of Contestation", in Hussain, Sarena, Society and Politics of Jammu and Kashmir, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 53–78, 71, ISBN 9783030564810,
Notes: 2 The Union of India was the official name of the country between independence on August 15, 1947 and the establishment of the Republic of India on January 26, 1950. During this time, India remained an independent dominion under the British Crown within the British Commonwealth of Nations.
- Winegard, Timothy C. (2011), Indigenous Peoples of the British Dominions and the First World War, Cambridge University Press, p. 2, ISBN 978-1-107-01493-0,
- ↑ Wani, Aijaz Ashraf; Khan, Imran Ahmad; Yaseen, Tabzeer (2020), "Article 370 and 35A: Origin, Provinces, and the Politics of Contestation", in Hussain, Sarena, Society and Politics of Jammu and Kashmir, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 53–78, ISBN 9783030564810,
Notes: 2 The Union of India was the official name of the country between independence on August 15, 1947 and the establishment of the Republic of India on January 26, 1950. During this time, India remained an independent dominion under the British Crown within the British Commonwealth of Nations.
- ↑ Black, Cyril (2018), Rebirth: A Political History of Europe since World War II, Routledge, ISBN 9780429977442,
The most devastating blow to old relationships came when Britain officially withdrew from India on August 15, 1947, and the two self-governing dominions of Pakistan and the Union of India were established. In June 1948 King George VI dropped "emperor of India" from his titles, at the same time that Lord Mountbatten was succeeded as governor-general of India by a native Indian.
