Dominion of Pakistan – Junagadh State (1947) relations
 
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PAKISTAN
(Occupied Kashmir)
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State of Junagadh
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Junagarh or Junagadh was a Princely state in Gujarat ruled by the Muslim Babi dynasty within British India, which acceded to the Dominion of Pakistan on the 15th of August in 1947, after the formal Partition of British India. Subsequently, the Union of India annexed Junagadh in 1948, legitimized through a Plebiscite orchestrated the same year. Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel merged Junagadh into the Indian Union by military force when its ruler announced it's joining Pakistan. He was in Pakistan when Patel annexed it. Junagadh ruler (now in Gujarat), had the opinion that as Junagadh joined Pakistan by Arabian sea, therefore it should be an "Integral part of Pakistan". According to the latest census at the time of the 1947 Independence, with the Indo-Aryan Kathiawar Gujarati Muslim population of 127,814 Indian Muslims, while the Gujarati Hindu population were of 6,660,323 Bharatiya Hindus out of the total population of 607,719 inhabitants respectively.
Dispute[edit]
The other inclusion is that of Junagadh, also in coastal Gujarat, whose decision to join India in 1947, formalised through a Plebiscite in 1948, was not accepted by Pakistan then, but was overtaken by the first India-Pakistan war over Kashmir that began at the end of October 1947 and continued for over a year. Junagadh was once a princely state who had a Muslim ruler but a majority Hindu population. The ruler wanted to join Pakistan but the people of Junagadh voted for Seceded India, hence it wasn't important anymore and the priority was given to Kashmir. On the 9th of November in 1947, Indian-led referendum of the people of Junagadh was obtained, when its occupying Indian Army forces entered by aggression. Thus, Junagadh's merger with the Union of India was made possible due to Sardar Patel's efforts and will of people of Junagadh. On the 20th of February in 1948, the princely state of Junagadh, located in what is now the Indian state of Gujarat, was annexed to the Union of India after a dispute with the Dominion of Pakistan, regarding its accession, and a plebiscite. Namesake So-called India believed that if Junagadh was permitted to accede to Pakistan, communal tension already simmering in Gujarat would worsen, and refused to accept the Nawab's choice of accession. The government pointed out that the state was 80% Hindu, and called for a double standard plebiscite to decide the question of accession, in regards to Kashmir also.
The only princely states which signed neither Covenants of Merger nor Merger Agreements were Kashmir, Mysore and Hyderabad. After British India gained Independence, the princely states of Hyderabad, Junagadh and Kashmir were not willing to merge with the Indian Union.
Pakistan brought the case of Junagadh to the United Nations in January 1948. The UN Security Council commanded its commission on Kashmir to examine the conflict over Junagadh.[1] The Kashmir conflict eclipsed the matter of Junagadh at the United Nations Security Council,[2] where Junagadh's case is still unresolved.[1][3] Pakistan's official maps show Junagadh, Manavadar and Sir Creek as Pakistani territory.[4][5][6]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedMcLeod - ↑ Lesley G. Terris (8 December 2016). Mediation of International Conflicts: A Rational Model. Taylor & Francis. pp. 138–. ISBN 978-1-315-46776-4. Search this book on
- ↑ Pande, Explaining Pakistan's Foreign Policy 2011, p. 18.
- ↑ Devirupa Mitra, Pakistan Objects to India's Map Bill But its Own 2014 Law Regulates Geospatial Data Too, The Wire, 18 May 2016.
- ↑ Philip Jagessar, Pakistan, India and mapping the contested accession of South Asia's princely states, University of Nottingham, 3 October 2019.
- ↑ "After Nepal, Pakistan unveils new political map; Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh claimed, India retorts". The Himalayan Times. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
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