Ercole Miani
| Ercole Miani | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1893 Visignano d'Istria |
| 💀Died | 2 November 1968 Trieste, Italy2 November 1968 |
| Other names | Villa |
| 💼 Occupation | Military officer, antifascist activist |
| Known for | Italian resistance, Giustizia e Libertà |
| 🏅 Awards | Multiple military decorations |
Ercole Miani (1893 – 2 November 1968) was an Italian military officer and antifascist activist, active in Trieste during the First World War, the interwar period, and the Italian Resistance.
Biography
Close to left-interventionism, at the outbreak of the First World War, Miani left the Austro-Hungarian Empire to enlist in the Italian Royal Italian Army. Initially enlisted as a soldier in the 2nd Infantry Regiment and later in the Arditi corps, he took part in the Battle of Bainsizza and was promoted on the battlefield to the rank of captain, receiving several decorations.
After the First World War, inflamed by the Biennio Rosso, Miani actively took part in several squadrismo actions against the headquarters of the Italian Socialist Party[1] and was among the founders[1] of the Fascio di Combattimento of Trieste[2], becoming one of its leaders. He later took part in the Fiume expedition.
He was subsequently removed from the leadership of the Fasci after the appointment of Francesco Giunta[3]. The party in fact intended to open itself more to younger generations and to the Triestine bourgeoisie[3]. Miani later became an opponent of fascism, aligning himself from 1929 with Gabriele Foschiatti in Giustizia e Libertà, but was immediately arrested. During the Fascist period he was kept under police surveillance.
After 25 July 1943, together with his brother Michele, he was among the organizers of the Action Party in Trieste. He worked to prevent antifascism from coalescing into an anti-Slavic group, while clearly affirming the rights of Italians, which he defended without compromising on the annexation of Trieste to the Yugoslavia. He led the Giustizia e Libertà formations during the uprising.
In 1945 he was arrested by the deputy police commissioner Gaetano Collotti, who had him tortured, although he was later released through the intercession of figures within the fascist establishment. In close contact with the prefect Bruno Coceani, on behalf of the CLN of Trieste he maintained relations with the Italian municipal administration of the podestà Cesare Pagnini in order to stop the Slavic occupation of the city. On the night between 29 and 30 April all German troops received orders from Odilo Globočnik to withdraw from Trieste and head toward Tolmezzo. Coceani informed Miani, who was one of the representatives of the CLN, and the following morning Miani proclaimed the uprising. Before the entry of the Slavs, the CLN assumed power and Coceani resigned.
After the war, following the posthumous award of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor to Collotti, Miani refused any honors.
In 1953 he founded the Institute for the History of the Liberation Movement in Friuli and Venezia Giulia, which he directed until his death.
Remembrance
In Trieste, a street and a Study Center-Cultural Circle are named after Ercole Miani.
See also
- Arditi
References
Bibliography
- Bogdan C. Novak, Trieste, 1941–1954: The Political, Ethnic and Ideological Struggle. Milan: Mursia, 1973. Italian translation of Trieste, 1941–1954: The Political, Ethnic and Ideological Struggle. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
External links
- Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. Gaetano Collotti
- Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. Institute for the History of the Liberation Movement in Friuli – Venezia Giulia
- Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist. Municipality of Ronchi
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