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Eureka Scientific

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Eureka Scientific, Inc.
Logo of the Eureka Scientific, Inc.
FormationMay 18, 1992; 32 years ago (1992-05-18)[1]
Founders8 scientists, University of California, Berkeley[2]
TypeNonprofit 501(c)(3)[3]
94-3160967[4]
PurposeTo facilitate federal grant applications for non-tenure-track astrophysicists and astronomers in the US.[2]
HeadquartersOakland, California, United States
Official language
English
President
John Vallerga[1]
Websiteeurekasci.com

Eureka Scientific, Inc. (or simply Eureka Scientific) is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation,[5] headquartered in Oakland, California, founded in 1992 by eight research scientists from the University of California, Berkeley.[2]

Description[edit]

The corporation sponsors astrophysicists and astronomers in the United States by supporting their applications for obtaining grants from major public funding agencies including National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Solicitation and Proposal Integrated Review and Evaluation System (NSPIRES), National Science Foundation (NSF) Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants (AAG), National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO), National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO), Hubble Space Telescope, and Spitzer Space Telescope, as well as major private funding agencies: Guggenheim Fellowship, W. M. Keck Foundation, Research Corporation, and Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; and small funding sources such as Fulbright Scholar Program,[6] American Astronomical Society grants and Fund for Astrophysical Research.[2]

Eureka Scientific is among the four non-profit organizations in the US, including Space Science Institute, Southwest Research Institute, and Planetary Science Institute, mentioned in a special report by Nature in 2007 that manage research grants for non-tenure-track astronomers.[7]

History[edit]

In 1992, American astronomer Carol Christian and her colleagues, including American physicist John Vallerga at UC Berkeley, decided to found a corporation in California, called Eureka Scientific, Inc., as a conduit for federal grant applications of non-tenure-track astrophysicists and astronomers.[2] The reason was that UC Berkeley did not allow Carol Christian to submit a grant proposal to the NASA, since she did not hold any tenure-track faculty position, though she was a member of the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer team, who helped to develop and build it.[2] When Eureka Scientific, Inc. was formed, John Vallerga was appointed as treasurer, who believes that "scientists should have the opportunity to act as free agents and negotiate the best deals," though UC Berkeley does not have any problems with Eureka Scientific as long as they don't use university facilities.[2] Prior to that, American planetary scientist Roger C. Wiens complained that he could not submit any grant proposals as a principal investigator, since he has held non-tenure-track positions at the California Institute of Technology and the University of California, San Diego, but he ghostwrote for five different proposals.[2] However, in an interview with Science Magazine, the dean of research and graduate policy at Stanford University argued that such a measure is necessary "to maintain the reputation and quality of research and to assure the appropriate use of university facilities."[2]

Project LINK (Live and Interactive Network of Knowledge),[8][9] which is one of the first projects funded by a grant from NASA to Eureka Scientific, was a collaboration project between Eureka Scientific, Exploratorium, and NASA Ames Research Center for delivering video-conferencing science education outreach to K-12 teachers and students.[8] This project was aimed at facilitating the live interface between scientists and K-12 teachers and students using the resources available at science museums.[8] This project is funded by NASA through the Flight Opportunities for Science Teacher EnRichment (FOSTER).[10] Teachers from Project LINK participated on two flights aboard the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) in 1995.[8]

Scientific Network[edit]

According to the Nature Index, which is a database tracking institution connections and their scientific impacts, the top 5 US collaborators with Eureka Scientific includes West Virginia University (WVU), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Cornell University, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), whereas its top 5 international collaborators are the University of Southampton (Soton), University of La Laguna (ULL), University of Oxford, the University of British Columbia (UBC), and Argentine Institute of Radio Astronomy (IAR).[11] Based on the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), the top collaborators with Eureka Scientific in 2022 includes the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Max Planck Institutes, the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Kavli Foundation, the University of Arizona, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, University of Maryland, College Park.[12]

The Nature Index indicates that the institution outputs are primary in physical sciences.[11] According to the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), Eureka Scientific has been published over 600 peer-reviewed publications in major peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy by 2022, mostly in the Astrophysical Journal (ApJ), Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), the Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL), and the Astronomical Journal (AJ).[12] SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) also shows over 600 non-refereed papers affiliated with Eureka Scientific.[12] INSPIRE-HEP, which is a digital library for the field of high energy physics (HEP), have also recorded around 80 published peer-reviewed publications, which are related to black holes, active galactic nucleus, X-ray binaries, and gravitational waves.[13]

Gallery[edit]

Eureka Scientific has participated in data acquisition and data analysis of several NASA space missions and produced many astronomical images.[14][15][16][17][18][19]

  • Hubble and Keck observatories of colliding galaxies.[14]

    Hubble and Keck observatories of colliding galaxies.[14]

  • Hubble images of Abell 2744.[15]

    Hubble images of Abell 2744.[15]

  • Chandra image of a supernova remnant.[16]

    Chandra image of a supernova remnant.[16]

  • HST Image of Jupiter-like Protoplanet.[17]

    HST Image of Jupiter-like Protoplanet.[17]

  • Hubble image of stellar disc.[18]

    Hubble image of stellar disc.[18]

  • Hubble image of the irregular galaxy NGC 541.[19]

    Hubble image of the irregular galaxy NGC 541.[19]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "The Open Database Of The Corporate World". opencorporates.com.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 Moffat, Anne S. (1994). "Grant Limits Irk Young Scientists". Science. 265 (5180): 1916. Bibcode:1994Sci...265.1916M. doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1916. PMID 17797238.
  3. ↑ "Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax Under section 501 (c), 527, or 4947 ( a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code" (PDF). foundationcenter.org.
  4. ↑ "Eureka Scientific, HIPAA Space". hipaaspace.com.
  5. ↑ "SAM Registration 1QR56, CAGE.report". cage.report.
  6. ↑ "Eureka Scientific Inc., Fulbright Scholar Program". fulbrightscholars.org.
  7. ↑ Bjorn, Genevive (2007). "Freedom of the skies". Nature. 449 (7163): 750–751. doi:10.1038/nj7163-750a.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Hawkins, I.; Welsh, B. (1995). "Project LINK: "A Live and Interactive Network of Knowledge"". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 27: 888. Bibcode:1995AAS...186.5404H.
  9. ↑ Welsh, B.; Hawkins, I. (1998). "Project LINK: A Live and Interactive Network of Knowledge". International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 162: 88. Bibcode:1998ntat.coll...88W. doi:10.1017/S025292110011485X.
  10. ↑ Koch, D.; Devore, E.; Gillespie, C.; Hull, G. (1994). "Flight Opportunities for Science Teacher EnRichment". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society. 26: 1312. Bibcode:1994AAS...185.0501K.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "Eureka Scientific Inc., Nature Index". natureindex.com.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 "aff:"Eureka Scientific", SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System". SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS). 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  13. ↑ "Eureka Sci., INSPIRE-HEP". INSPIRE-HEP. 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Hubble and Keck observatories uncover black holes coalescing". ESA / Hubble Space Telescope. 8 November 2018. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 8 November 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Hubble Frontier Fields view of Abell 2744 (Pandora's Cluster)". Hubble Space Telescope. 24 October 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "G11.2-0.3: A Textbook Supernova Remnant". Chandra X-ray Observatory. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2006.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "AB Aurigae b Hubble Images". Hubble Space Telescope. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2022.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 "Hubble captures blobs of material sweeping through stellar disc". www.spacetelescope.org. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "NGC 541 Fuels an Irregular Galaxy in New Hubble Image". NASA. 4 April 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.

External links[edit]

Coordinates: 37°48′15″N 122°12′31″W / 37.80429138894559°N 122.208501315345°W / 37.80429138894559; -122.208501315345

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