Fanny Ginor
| Fanny Ginor | |
|---|---|
| Born | Fanny Dulberg 20 June 1911 Otynia, Galicia, Austria-Hungary |
| 20072007 | |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| 👩 Spouse(s) | Yehoshua (Shika) Ginor (m. 1947; d. 1986) |
Fanny Ginor (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.; née Dulberg; 20 June 1911 – 2007) was a German-born Israeli economist. A refugee from Nazi Germany, she worked in the economics department of the Jewish Agency and the Israeli Ministry of Finance, and from 1954 to 1971 was economic adviser to David Horowitz, the first Governor of the Bank of Israel. She is known chiefly for her studies of the effect of German reparations on the Israeli economy and of socio-economic disparities in Israel. She later taught at Tel Aviv University, where she became an associate professor.[1][2]
Early life and education
Fanny Dulberg was born on 20 June 1911 in Otynia, in Galicia, then part of Austria-Hungary, the daughter of the merchant Oskar Dulberg and Rosa Rosenrauch.[2] When she was two her family moved to Cannstatt, near Stuttgart, where she received a classical secondary education.[1] From 1930, she studied economics and civil law at Goethe University Frankfurt, Heidelberg University, and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), intending to take her doctorate under Otto von Zwiedineck-Südenhorst.[1] At LMU, she was chair of the Zionist students' club. After uniformed Nazis led by Rudolf Hess marched into a lecture by Adolf Weber shortly after Adolf Hitler became chancellor in 1933, she left to continue her studies in Switzerland.[1] She completed her doctorate at the University of Basel[3] under Edgar Salin in 1934, with a dissertation published in 1936 as Der Imperialismus im Lichte seiner Theorien (Imperialism in the Light of its Theories), and emigrated to Mandatory Palestine the same year.[1]
In 1947, she married Yehoshua (Shika) Ginshparg (1905–1986), a bank clerk who had emigrated from Austria in 1925; the couple later Hebraized their name to Ginor.[2] She later wrote a book about his life, Shika: The Story of an Unusual Life (1989).
Career
Jewish Agency and Ministry of Finance
From 1934 to 1943 Ginor worked as a farm worker, bank clerk and bookkeeper. She then joined the economics department of the Jewish Agency, working with David Horowitz and Eliezer Kaplan on the transition from a war to a peace economy.[1] After the United Nations partition decision of November 1947 she assisted Eliezer Hoofien of the Anglo-Palestine Bank in preparing a currency for the new State of Israel.[1] After a short period as a counselor at the Israeli embassy in Washington, she was an economist in the Ministry of Finance from March 1949 to the end of 1953, dealing with inflation, the shortage of foreign exchange, rationing, and the absorption of immigrants. There she specialized in calculating Israel's claims for reparations and restitution from Germany, which were settled by the Luxembourg Agreement of September 1952.[1][3]
Bank of Israel
When Horowitz became the first Governor of the Bank of Israel in 1954, Ginor became his economic adviser, a post she held until 1971, apart from a period as economic counselor to Israel's Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York from 1962 to 1964.[1] She was repeatedly a member of Israeli delegations to the United Nations General Assembly, UNCTAD, UNESCO, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, and from 1957, when Golda Meir was foreign minister, she represented Israel on the General Assembly's Second Committee, which deals with economic and financial questions.[1] In 1959 she prepared The Economy and Agriculture of Israel for the Food and Agriculture Organization's Mediterranean development project.[1][3]
Teaching
While at the Bank she lectured at the Tel Aviv School of Law and Economics (1954–59) and at the Hebrew University's Faculty of Agriculture in Rehovot, and from 1959 to 1962 was an associate lecturer at the Tel Aviv branch of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem's economics department.[1] In 1966 Abba Lerner, then dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences at Tel Aviv University, hired her as a senior lecturer. She joined the university full-time on leaving the Bank of Israel in 1971, was promoted to associate professor in 1974 and retired in 1978.[1][3]
Research
Ginor's studies of German reparations and restitution payments, first published in Hebrew with J. Tishler by the Bank of Israel in 1965 and summarized in English in 1972–73, estimated that between 1953 and 1971 these payments covered on average 27 per cent of Israel's annual trade deficit, that about 80 per cent of them were used for investment, and that they accounted for 12 percent of additional capital and 6 per cent of the additional GNP of the period 1953–66.[1][4] She also studied the economic effects of American agricultural surplus imports (1963), the role of capital imports in the structural change of developing countries (1969) and of Israel (1970), and, in Socio-Economic Disparities in Israel (1979), income differences between and within the Jewish and Arab populations and the effect of women's employment on family incomes.[1]
Ginor described her own experience of emigration in an essay on the "crisis of transition into another cultural civilization" (1997), and in an autobiography published in Hebrew as Shtutgart, Tel Aviv: Hayim be-tsel ha-hitrahashuyot (2002).[5]
Death
Ginor died in 2007.[6]
Selected works
- Der Imperialismus im Lichte seiner Theorien. Basel: Philographischer Verlag, 1936.
- The Economy and Agriculture of Israel. Jerusalem: FAO and Ministry of Agriculture, 1959.
- Uses of US Agricultural Surpluses: Their Economic Effect in Israel. Jerusalem: Bank of Israel, 1963.
- (with J. Tishler) Reparations and Their Impact on the Israeli Economy (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Bank of Israel, 1965.
- "The Impact of Capital Imports on the Structure of Developing Countries". Kyklos 22 (1969): 104–123.
- "Structural Changes in a Developing Economy: The Case of Israel". Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 105 (1970): 188–218.
- Socio-Economic Disparities in Israel. Tel Aviv: David Horowitz Institute for the Research of Developing Countries, Tel Aviv University; New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1979.
- Shika: The Story of an Unusual Life. Translated from the Hebrew by Gabriela Williams. Jerusalem, 1989.
- Shtutgart, Tel Aviv: Hayim be-tsel ha-hitrahashuyot (Stuttgart, Tel Aviv: A Life in the Shadow of Events; in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Gevanim, 2002.
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Hagemann, Harald (2000). "Ginor, Fanny (b. 1911)". In Dimand, Robert W.; Dimand, Mary Ann; Forget, Evelyn L. A Biographical Dictionary of Women Economists. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. pp. 184–187. ISBN 978-1-85278-964-0.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hagemann, Harald (1999). "Ginor, Fanny". In Hagemann, Harald; Krohn, Claus-Dieter. Biographisches Handbuch der deutschsprachigen wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Emigration nach 1933 (in Deutsch). 1. Munich: K. G. Saur. pp. 187–190. ISBN 3-598-11284-X. Search this book on
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Röder, Werner; Strauss, Herbert A., eds. (1983). "Ginor, Fanny". International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933–1945. 2, part 1: The Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Munich: K. G. Saur. p. 223. ISBN 3-598-10089-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Ginor, Fanny (1972–73). "The Impact of German Reparations and Restitution Payments on the Israeli Economy". The Wiener Library Bulletin. 26: 38–45.
- ↑ Ginor, Fanny (1997). "Krise des Übergangs in einen anderen Kulturkreis". In Hagemann, Harald. Zur deutschsprachigen wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Emigration nach 1933 (in Deutsch). Marburg: Metropolis. pp. 437–458. Search this book on
- ↑ "Fanny Ginor". Haaretz (Obituary) (in עברית). 7 January 2008.
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