Françoise d'Eaubonne & l'Écoféminisme
Françoise d'Eaubonne & l'écoféminisme is a book written by Caroline Goldblum and published in 2019 by the Passager Clandestin. This publication appeared in a context of renewed interest for ecofeminism.[1] in France and the republishing of Françoise d'Eaubonne essays such as “écologie et féminisme, révolution ou mutation ?"[2][3] in 2018 and “le féminisme ou la mort"in 2020[4][5]. It constitutes a mainstream tool to understand the foundation of d’Eaubonne idea of ecofeminism[1]
The Author[edit]
Caroline Goldblum discovered the first ecofeminist theorist, Françoise d’Eaubonne, while working on the french feminist journal called “sorcière” created by Xavière Gauthier in 1974. Passionate about the vast work of the pioneer of ecofeminism and degrowth theories, Goldblum first wrote a thesis on Françoise d’Eaubonne.[6]. She explores in her book the ecofeminist thinking of d'Eaubonne, poorly known in France because of an intellectual attachment to a beauvoirian feminism[7][8], as well as a rejection of d'Eaubonne radical positions and use of violence[9][10]
Book Content[edit]
The book starts by examining the political implications of Françoise d’Eaubonne who believes that all causes are linked and intertwined. This is the reason why she took part in communism, for the independence of Algeria, against psychiatry but also for women’s rights and those of sexual minorities. Activist for gay rights and co-funder of ‘front homosexuel d’action révolutionnaire’, she is characterized as a faghag by the author.
Her feminist engagement started in her childhood but significantly evolves with the publication of 'The Second Sex' in 1949 and her friendship with the feminist philosopher Simone de Beauvoir for who she wrote: “Une Femme nommée Castor mon amie Simone de Beauvoir”[11]. In 1970 she took part in the “mouvement de libération des femmes”, also known as MLF, in which she started developing a reflection on ecology and feminism within the group “écologie-féminisme centre”. Four years later in 1974, she published her first book on ecofeminism: “le féminisme ou la mort” and became the very first person to use the notion of ecofeminism and to theorize[12][13]. She advanced the idea that oppression of women and the destruction of the environment have a common origin: patriarchal capitalism. According to her ecofeminism thought, men have taken power over the fertility of lands and women’s bodies that they dominate. This association is based on the Meadows report which exposed in 1972 the consequences of overpopulation and economic growth on the available resources. The political project of d’Eaubonne echoes to some extent to malthusianism as she defends the idea that women should stop getting pregnant and calls for a procreation strike.
In her book, Caroline Goldblum joins other french authors such as Emilie Hache.[8] and Jeanne Burgart-Goutal[14] by claiming that Françoise d’Eaubonne ecofeminism project did not flourish in France but rather in anglophones countries such as the United-Kingdom and the United States where it was linked to anti-nuclear and anti-militarist movements during the Cold War. She also produces her own cartography of ecofeminism by distinguishing materialist ecofeminism carried by Maria Mies and Vandana Shiva from spiritual ecofeminism reclaimed by the neo-pagan witch Starhawk. According to the author, the work of Mies and Shiva has several similarities with d'Eaubonne as they all denounce the consequences of patriarchal capitalism[13]. Nonetheless, this is contrasted with spiritual ecofeminism which values the reappropriation of spirituality and religion leading to criticisms on its potential essentialist nature[7]
Selected texts[edit]
The last section of the book is composed of a selection of texts by Goldblum that illustrates both d'Eaubonne ecofeminist thinking and critics of economic growth theories[15]. The texts coming from d'Eaubonne's novels, essays and activist documents allow the reader to dive into her political project and philosophical approach.
The first selection deals with ecofeminism and highlights d'Eaubonne thoughts on the demographic explosion, the importance of procreation strike to abolish the patriarchal and sexist system as well as on women's role in the environmental crisis.
The second selection explores degrowth theories and develops critical thinking toward economic growth theories that are associated with Françoise d'Eaubonne with a picture of a chaotic system of domination and inequalities.
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rimlinger, Constance (2020). "Caroline Goldblum : Françoise d'Eaubonne et l'écoféminisme". Nouvelles Questions Féministes. 39: 132–135. doi:10.3917/nqf.391.0132 – via CAIRN.
- ↑ Gandini, Jean-Jacques (2018-10-01). "Écologie et féminisme. Révolution ou mutation ?". Le Monde diplomatique (in français). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
- ↑ d'Eaubonne, Françoise (2018). ÉCOLOGIE ET FÉMINISME: Révolution ou mutation ?. Paris: LIBRE. ISBN 978-2372630368. Search this book on
- ↑ "Pourquoi il faut absolument (re)lire le manifeste écoféministe de Françoise d'Eaubonne". www.terrafemina.com (in français). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
- ↑ d'Eaubonne, Françoise (2020). Le féminisme ou la mort. Paris: Le Passager Clandestin. ISBN 978-2369352433. Search this book on
- ↑ "Caroline Goldblum". Le Passager Clandestin (in français). Retrieved 2021-03-04.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Burgart Goutal, Jeanne (2018). "L'écoféminisme et la France : une inquiétante étrangeté ?". Cités. 73: 67–80. doi:10.3917/cite.073.0067 – via CAIRN.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Hache, Émilie (2016). Reclaim : recueil de textes écoféministes. Paris: Cambourakis. ISBN 978-2-36624-213-3. OCLC 1224487423. Search this book on
- ↑ Goldblum, Caroline (2017). "Françoise d'Eaubonne, à l'origine de la pensée écoféministe". L'Homme et la société. 203-204 (1): 189. doi:10.3917/lhs.203.0189. ISSN 0018-4306.
- ↑ Bard, Christine (2017). Dictionnaire des féministes - France - XVIII-XXIe siècle. Paris: PUF. pp. 487–491. ISBN 978-2-13-078720-4. Search this book on
- ↑ d'Eaubonne, Francoise (1986). Une femme nommee Castor mon amie Simone de Beauvoir. Encre. ISBN 2-86418-291-2. OCLC 1046117059. Search this book on
- ↑ Brennan, Andrew; Lo, Yeuk-Sze (2020), "Environmental Ethics", in Zalta, Edward N., The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2021-03-04
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Shiva, Vandana; Mies, Maria (2014). Ecofeminism. Zed. ISBN 9781780325637. Search this book on
- ↑ author., Burgart Goutal, Jeanne (2020). Être écoféministe : théories et pratiques. L'echappée. ISBN 978-2-37309-069-7. OCLC 1145597271. Search this book on
- ↑ Yannopoulos, Alexis (2020-10-30). "Caroline Goldblum, Françoise d'Eaubonne et l'écoféminisme, Paris, Le passager clandestin, 2019". Les Cahiers de Framespa. Nouveaux champs de l'histoire sociale (in français) (35). doi:10.4000/framespa.9587. ISSN 1760-4761.
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