Freedom Party (Russia)
Freedom Party Партия свободы | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Yuri Belyaev |
| Founded | October 29, 1994 |
| Dissolved | March 2009 |
| Split from | National Republican Party of Russia |
| Merged into | Northern Brotherhood |
| Headquarters | Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Newspaper | Our People's Observer |
| Paramilitary wing | Skinheads |
| Membership | Several dozen[1] |
| Ideology | Russian ultranationalism Neo-nazism Neo-fascism White nationalism Anti-immigration Anti-democracy Anti-semitism Anti-communism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Continental affiliation | Congress of Slavic Communities[2] |
| Colours | Red White Black |
| Website | |
| nrpr.ru | |
The Freedom Party (Russian: Партия свободы; Partiya svobody) was a radical Russian nationalist organization that was liquidated in 2009.[3]
Republican People's Party of Russia[edit]
On April 8, 1990, the founding congress of the Republican People's Party of Russia (RNPR), which was created on the basis of the Russian National Patriotic Centre, was held in Leningrad. The number of regional organizations has grown to 18, and the total number of party members has exceeded one and a half thousand people. On November 3–4, 1990, the 1st All-Russian Congress of the RPPR was held in St. Petersburg. The Congress was attended by 54 delegate delegates from 2 thousand party members and representatives of over 36 Russian patriotic organizations from Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. NN Lysenko was elected Chairman of the Duma of the 1st All-Russian Congress of the RPPR. Special attention at the congress was paid to the ideological problems of the Russian national movement. The congress delegates came to the conclusion that the new state ideology should be the concept of national-state revival of Russia, honest service to the state and national interests of the people. Also at the congress, the chairman of the Central Council of the party V. Antonov resigned.
On March 30–31, 1991, the II All-Russian Congress of the RPPR was held in St. Petersburg. The congress was named Unity, because it merged with the Russian faction of the Democratic Party of Russia (RF\DPR) and the Ural regional organization of the Russian Democratic Party of Russia (RDP).
National Republican Party of Russia[edit]
On October 31, 1991, at the plenum of the Central Council, the RNPR was renamed the National Republican Party of Russia (NRPR).
In November 1991 the Russian National Legion was created in St. Petersburg by the Youth Center of the NRPR. The soldiers of the Legion took part in the hostilities in Transnistria and Yugoslavia. 6 party members were killed in the battles.[4] On December 14–15, 1991, the NRPR held the First All-Russian Stolypin National Readings in St. Petersburg, the purpose of which was to develop cooperation between scientists and cultural figures, representatives of the technical intelligentsia, the army and navy, national entrepreneurs, on the one hand, and the political leadership of the National Republican Party Russia - on the other.
On January 15, 1992, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation registered the Charter of the National Republican Party of Russia, which thus became the first national Russian political party officially operating in the country after the October 1917 Bolshevik coup. In February 1992, the NRPR took part in the "Congress of Civil and Patriotic Forces of Russia" and joined the Russian People's Assembly, created at it, which did not last long. At the same time, the NRPR became a part of the Russian National Cathedral of Alexander Sterligov, leaving it in June 1992. In September–October 1992, the NRPR took part in the creation of the National Salvation Front, and Nikolay Lysenko was elected a member of the Front's Political Council.
On November 28–29, 1992, the regular III All-Russian Congress of the National Republican Party of Russia was held in Moscow. The congress adopted a new political program of the party, the Declaration "On the Right of the Russian People to Reunification" and a number of resolutions ("On the Protection of the Honor and National Dignity of Citizens of Russia", "On the Council of Heads of the Republics of the Russian Federation" and others).
In 1992, the NRPR entered a bloc with the People's Social Party of Yuri Belyaev. Later, the NSP merged with the NRPR.
In June 1993, the NRPR left the FNS. Among the reasons were the tendency of the front leadership to "neo-communism" and the rejection of "Russian national ideology." The reason could be the conflict of N.N. Lysenko with the communists, primarily with Anatoily Chekhoev and Sazhi Umalatova, who were outraged by the anti-Caucasian attacks of the leader of the national republicans.
In the fall of 1993, the NRPR attempted to participate in the parliamentary elections, but was unable to collect 100,000 signatures for registration. At the same time, the party managed to nominate its chairman NN Lysenko in the Engels constituency No. 158 (Saratov Oblast), where he was elected to the State Duma of the 1st convocation
On October 29, 1994, the head of the NRPR security service and at the same time the chairman of the National Social Party, Yuri Belyaev, with his Saint Petersburg supporters held an emergency plenum of the Central Council of the party in Saint Petersburg, at which he removed Nikolay Lysenko from the post of chairman. Belyaev himself became the acting chairman of the Central Council. Lysenko did not recognize the results of the plenum and held his own plenum of the Central Council, at which he expelled Belyaev's supporters from the party. After that, Belyaev's group announced the creation of a true NRPR.
On March 25–26, 1995, the IV All-Russian Congress of the National Republican Party of Russia was held in St. Petersburg, at which a "national super-ideology" was adopted, the basis of which was proclaimed the principle of "the primacy of the nation in relation to the state", declared the rejection of fascism, xenophobia, germanophila. The ROS and the LDPR were named as possible allies in the upcoming elections to the State Duma. The leaders of the NRPR stated that they fully support the actions of the executive power in Chechnya and do not recognize the sovereignty of Ukraine and Belarus.[5]
In 1995, the party took part in the Elections to the State Duma. The general federal list was headed by N. N. Lysenko, the political secretary of the party N. A. Pavlov and K. Ovchinnikov. Having received 0.48% of the vote, the party took 24th place and failed to overcome the 5% barrier.
On December 5, 1995, an explosion occurred in the office of Nikolay Lysenko in the State Duma. According to the leader of the NRPR, this was an attempt on his life for a consistent anti-Turkic and anti-Islamic position. In May 1996, Lysenko was arrested on charges of organizing an explosion in his own office. After spending more than a year in pre-trial detention, on October 6, 1997, Lysenko was acquitted by the court on charges of organizing an explosion, but found guilty of stealing a computer belonging to the Duma and sentenced to 1.5 years in prison, which the politician served while in pre-trial detention. While the leader of the NRPR was under investigation and trial, his party virtually ceased to exist. Having failed to re-register until December 31, 1998, the NRPR officially lost its official status.[6]
Freedom Party[edit]
After the split of the NRPR, Yury Belyaev declared himself the leader of the "true" NRPR. In February 1996, Belyaev's party became a member of the Coordination Council of Nationalist Radical Parties, which supported Yury Vlasov in the presidential elections. At the end of 1997, Yury Belyaev became chairman of the Central Council of the People's National Party of Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky, but later left it.
In 2000, NRPR of Belyaev was registered under a new name - "Freedom Party". However, already in 2001–2002, by a decision of a number of judicial bodies, the party was deprived of official registration and for a long time operated unofficially, which did not prevent the creation of new regional and city branches throughout Russia.
In 2004, the Moscow National Socialist Union, created in 1999 by immigrants from the People's Social Party, joined the Freedom Party, giving the party more radicalism and strengthening its position in the Central region. In the same year, the first foreign representative office of the party was established in Ukraine.
At an extraordinary meeting of the Central Council of the Freedom Party held in December 2005, a decision was made on the need for official registration with the Ministry of Justice in order to participate in the 2007 parliamentary elections. An organizing committee was set up to prepare the Founding Congress of the Freedom Party.
At the same time, internal contradictions began to intensify in the party, caused, first of all, by the dissatisfaction of the regional branches with the methods of work of the party leadership headed by Yuri Belyaev - branches in the Urals, Siberia and the Far East broke away from the party, Alexander Vtulkin, Georgy left the Central Council Pavlov, Alexander Shneider, Lev Nechipurenko and others.
In 2007, the 8th Congress of the Freedom Party was held, at which the party leadership was updated, a new action program was approved, the issues of network building of the party organization were resolved, and the principles of "unstructured leadership" were introduced, which he wrote about in his book «So we will win!» Yuri Belyaev. After the congress, part of the activists of the Freedom Party (mainly from St. Petersburg and Pskov) refused to recognize the decisions of the 8th Congress and continue to consider Yuri Belyaev as their leader. Most of the members of the Freedom Party recognized the results of the 8th Party Congress and continued to work in new conditions.
In March 2009, after the expulsion of Pyotr Khomyakov from the Northern Brotherhoodorganization for treason,[7] a decision was made to dissolve the Freedom Party and the entry of its members into the Northern Brotherhood.
References[edit]
- ↑ https://www.lenpravda.ru/digest/federal/261416.html Как заработать на "русском фашизме"
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050210074606/http://nrpr.ru/articles/Siezd.htm ОТЧЁТ ПО РАБОТЕ Первого международного Съезда Славянских общин
- ↑ "Russian Freedom Party". cikrf.ru. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Первый блин национал-демократии
- ↑ Национально-патриотическая оппозиция и праворадикальные группы и движения в марте-апреле 1995 года
- ↑ НРПР на портале «Наследие» Archived 2004-11-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ «Хомяков с позором изгнан из СБ» (на 08.06.2016 ссылка не действует) Archived 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
External links[edit]
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