Freedom Party (Russia)
Freedom Party Партия свободы | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Yuri Belyaev |
| Founded | October 29, 1994 |
| Dissolved | March 2009 |
| Split from | National Republican Party of Russia |
| Merged into | Northern Brotherhood |
| Headquarters | Saint Petersburg, Russia |
| Newspaper | Our People's Observer |
| Paramilitary wing | Skinheads |
| Membership | Several dozen[1] |
| Ideology | Russian ultranationalism Neo-nazism Neo-fascism White nationalism Anti-immigration Anti-democracy Anti-semitism Anti-communism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Continental affiliation | Congress of Slavic Communities[2] |
| Colours | Red White Black |
| Website | |
| nrpr.ru | |
The Freedom Party (Russian: Партия свободы; Partiya svobody) was a radical Russian nationalist organization that was liquidated in 2009.[3]
Republican People's Party of Russia
On April 8, 1990, the founding congress of the Republican People's Party of Russia (RNPR), which was created on the basis of the Russian National Patriotic Centre, was held in Leningrad. The number of regional organizations grew to 18, and the total number of party members exceeded one and a half thousand people. On November 3–4, 1990, the 1st All-Russian Congress of the RPPR was held in St. Petersburg. The Congress was attended by 54 delegates from 2,000 party members and representatives of over 36 Russian patriotic organizations from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus. N.N. Lysenko was elected Chairman of the Duma of the 1st All-Russian Congress of the RPPR. Special attention at the congress was paid to the ideological problems of the Russian national movement. The congress delegates concluded that the new state ideology should be the concept of national-state revival of Russia, honest service to the state, and national interests of the people. Also at the congress, the chairman of the Central Council of the party, V. Antonov, resigned.
On March 30–31, 1991, the II All-Russian Congress of the RPPR was held in St. Petersburg. The congress was named Unity, because it merged with the Russian faction of the Democratic Party of Russia (RF\DPR) and the Ural regional organization of the Russian Democratic Party of Russia (RDP).
National Republican Party of Russia
On October 31, 1991, at the plenum of the Central Council, the RNPR was renamed the National Republican Party of Russia (NRPR).
In November 1991, the Russian National Legion was created in St. Petersburg by the Youth Center of the NRPR. The legion's soldiers participated in the hostilities in Transnistria and Yugoslavia. Six party members were killed in the battles.[4] On December 14–15, 1991, the NRPR held the First All-Russian Stolypin National Readings in St. Petersburg. The purpose was to develop cooperation between scientists and cultural figures, representatives of the technical intelligentsia, the army and navy, national entrepreneurs, and the political leadership of the National Republican Party of Russia.
On January 15, 1992, the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation registered the Charter of the National Republican Party of Russia, which thus became the first national Russian political party officially operating in the country after the October 1917 Bolshevik coup. In February 1992, the NRPR participated in the "Congress of Civil and Patriotic Forces of Russia" and joined the Russian People's Assembly, created at it, which did not last long. At the same time, the NRPR became a part of Alexander Sterligov's Russian National Cathedral, leaving it in June 1992. In September–October 1992, the NRPR participated in the creation of the National Salvation Front, and Nikolay Lysenko was elected a member of the Front's Political Council.
On November 28–29, 1992, the regular III All-Russian Congress of the National Republican Party of Russia was held in Moscow. The congress adopted a new political program for the party, the Declaration "On the Right of the Russian People to Reunification," and several resolutions ("On the Protection of the Honor and National Dignity of Citizens of Russia," "On the Council of Heads of the Republics of the Russian Federation," and others).
In 1992, the NRPR entered a bloc with Yuri Belyaev's People's Social Party. Later, the NSP merged with the NRPR.
In June 1993, the NRPR left the FNS. Reasons included the front leadership's tendency toward "neo-communism" and the rejection of "Russian national ideology." Another reason may have been the conflict between N.N. Lysenko and communists, primarily Anatoliy Chekhoev and Sazhi Umalatova, who were outraged by the leader of the national republicans' anti-Caucasian attacks.
In the fall of 1993, the NRPR attempted to participate in the parliamentary elections, but could not collect 100,000 signatures for registration. However, the party managed to nominate its chairman, N.N. Lysenko, in the Engels constituency No. 158 (Saratov Oblast), where he was elected to the State Duma of the 1st convocation.
On October 29, 1994, the head of the NRPR security service and chairman of the National Social Party, Yuri Belyaev, and his Saint Petersburg supporters held an emergency plenum of the party's Central Council in Saint Petersburg. At this plenum, they removed Nikolay Lysenko from the post of chairman. Belyaev became the acting chairman of the Central Council. Lysenko did not recognize the plenum's results and held his own, expelling Belyaev's supporters from the party. Following this, Belyaev's group announced the creation of a "true" NRPR.
On March 25–26, 1995, the IV All-Russian Congress of the National Republican Party of Russia was held in St. Petersburg. A "national super-ideology" was adopted, based on the principle of "the primacy of the nation in relation to the state." The congress declared a rejection of fascism, xenophobia, and germanophilia. The ROS and the LDPR were named as potential allies in the upcoming elections to the State Duma. The NRPR leaders stated their full support for the executive power's actions in Chechnya and their non-recognition of the sovereignty of Ukraine and Belarus.[5]
In 1995, the party participated in the Elections to the State Duma. The general federal list was headed by N. N. Lysenko, the party's political secretary N. A. Pavlov, and K. Ovchinnikov. Receiving 0.48% of the vote, the party placed 24th and failed to overcome the 5% barrier.
On December 5, 1995, an explosion occurred in Nikolay Lysenko's office in the State Duma. According to the NRPR leader, this was an attempt on his life due to his consistent anti-Turkic and anti-Islamic stance. In May 1996, Lysenko was arrested on charges of organizing the explosion in his own office. After more than a year in pre-trial detention, on October 6, 1997, Lysenko was acquitted of organizing the explosion but found guilty of stealing a Duma computer and sentenced to 1.5 years in prison, which he served while in pre-trial detention. While the NRPR leader was under investigation and trial, his party virtually ceased to exist. Failing to re-register by December 31, 1998, the NRPR officially lost its official status.[6]
Freedom Party
After the NRPR split, Yury Belyaev declared himself the leader of the "true" NRPR. In February 1996, Belyaev's party became a member of the Coordination Council of Nationalist Radical Parties, which supported Yury Vlasov in the presidential elections. At the end of 1997, Yury Belyaev became chairman of the Central Council of the People's National Party of Aleksandr Ivanov-Sukharevsky, but later left it.
In 2000, Belyaev's NRPR was registered under a new name – "Freedom Party". However, between 2001 and 2002, several judicial bodies stripped the party of its official registration. It operated unofficially for a long time, which did not prevent the creation of new regional and city branches throughout Russia.
In 2004, the Moscow National Socialist Union, created in 1999 by members of the People's Social Party, joined the Freedom Party, making the party more radical and strengthening its position in the Central region. That year, the party established its first foreign representative office in Ukraine.
At an extraordinary meeting of the Freedom Party's Central Council in December 2005, a decision was made to seek official registration with the Ministry of Justice to participate in the 2007 parliamentary elections. An organizing committee was established to prepare the Freedom Party's Founding Congress.
Simultaneously, internal contradictions intensified within the party, primarily due to regional branches' dissatisfaction with the methods of the party leadership headed by Yuri Belyaev. Branches in the Urals, Siberia, and the Far East seceded from the party, and Alexander Vtulkin, Georgy Pavlov, Alexander Shneider, Lev Nechipurenko, and others left the Central Council.
In 2007, the 8th Congress of the Freedom Party was held. The party leadership was updated, a new action program was approved, issues of network building within the party organization were addressed, and the principles of "unstructured leadership" were introduced, as described by Yuri Belyaev in his book «So we will win!». After the congress, some Freedom Party activists (mainly from St. Petersburg and Pskov) refused to recognize the 8th Congress's decisions and continued to consider Yuri Belyaev their leader. Most Freedom Party members recognized the results of the 8th Party Congress and continued working under the new conditions.
In March 2009, following the expulsion of Pyotr Khomyakov from the Northern Brotherhood organization for treason,[7] a decision was made to dissolve the Freedom Party and for its members to join the Northern Brotherhood.
References
- ↑ https://www.lenpravda.ru/digest/federal/261416.html Как заработать на "русском фашизме"
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050210074606/http://nrpr.ru/articles/Siezd.htm ОТЧЁТ ПО РАБОТЕ Первого международного Съезда Славянских общин
- ↑ "Russian Freedom Party". cikrf.ru. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Первый блин национал-демократии
- ↑ Национально-патриотическая оппозиция и праворадикальные группы и движения в марте-апреле 1995 года
- ↑ НРПР на портале «Наследие» Archived 2004-11-07 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ «Хомяков с позором изгнан из СБ» (на 08.06.2016 ссылка не действует) Archived 2009-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
External links
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