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List of political ideologies

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

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In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions:

  1. Goals: how society should be organized.
  2. Methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy or autocracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, "socialism" may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system. The same term may also be used to refer to multiple ideologies, and that is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. For instance, while the terms have been conflated at times, "Communism" has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist-Leninist ideologies, whereas "Socialism" has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies distinct from Marxism-Leninism. [1] Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".[2] However, ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), though this is very often controversial. Finally, ideologies can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism) and from single issues that a party may be built around (e.g. opposition to European integration or the legalization of marijuana). There are several studies that show that political ideology is heritable within families.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into a number of groups and each group contains ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to names of the best-known ideologies in each group. The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. They are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically and ideologically related to each other. One ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and that parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

Anarchism and Left-libertarianism[edit]

Main article: Libertarianism
See also: Anti-statism

Left-libertarianism[edit]

Main article: Left-libertarianism
See also: Libertarian socialism

Anarchism[edit]

Main article: Anarchism
See also: Agrarianism, Anti-authoritarianism, Anti-capitalism, and Anti-fascism
Classical[edit]
Post-Classical[edit]
Contemporary[edit]
Regional variants[edit]
Main article: List of anarchist movements by region

Classical liberal radicalism[edit]

Libertarian Marxism[edit]

Main article: Libertarian Marxism

Other[edit]

Conservatism and Right-libertarianism[edit]

Main article: Conservatism
See also: Right-wing politics, Tory, Blue Tory, High Tory, and Red Tory

Traditional conservatism[edit]

Right-libertarianism[edit]

Main article: Right-libertarianism
See also: Libertarianism, Debates within libertarianism, and Laissez-faire

General[edit]

Regional variants of right-libertarianism[edit]

Other[edit]

Regional variants of conservatism[edit]

American[edit]

Asian / Pacific[edit]

European[edit]

Middle Eastern / Indian[edit]

Religious variants of conservatism[edit]

Environmentalism and Ecologism[edit]

Main article: Environmentalism
See also: Environmental politics, Outline of green politics, Green party, Agrarianism, and Environmental movement

Light green environmentalism[edit]

Main article: Sustainable development

Bright green environmentalism[edit]

Main article: Bright green environmentalism

Deep green environmentalism[edit]

Main article: Deep ecology

Other[edit]

Regional variants[edit]

Religious variants[edit]

Main article: Religion and environmentalism

Feminism and Identity politics[edit]

Main articles: Feminism, Identity politics, and Minority rights

Age-related rights movements[edit]

Disability-related rights movements[edit]

Feminism[edit]

Main article: Feminism
See also: Feminist movement, Feminist movements and ideologies, Feminist economics, and Pro-feminism

General[edit]

Chronological variants[edit]

Ethnic variants[edit]

Regional variants[edit]

African[edit]
Main article: African feminism
American[edit]
Main articles: Feminism in Latin America and Women's liberation movement in North America
Asian / Pacific[edit]
Main articles: Women's liberation movement in Asia and Women's liberation movement in Oceania
European[edit]
Main article: Women's liberation movement in Europe
Middle Eastern / Indian[edit]
Main article: Women in Arab societies

Religious variants[edit]

Main article: Religious feminism

LGBT social movements[edit]

Main article: LGBT social movements
See also: Pink capitalism

Men's movement[edit]

Main article: Men's movement

Racial separatist and supremacist movements[edit]

Further information: White supremacy, Black supremacy, Arab supremacy, Eurocentrism, Scientific racism, Indocentrism, Sinocentrism, Racism, Racialism, and Institutional racism

Black

See also: Black supremacy

White

See also: White pride
See also: White supremacy

Self-determination movements[edit]

See also: Self-determination

African-American

See also: Black pride
See also: African-American leftism and Afrocentrism

Indigenous peoples

See also: Indigenism, Indigenous rights, and Indigenous land rights

Latinx American

See also: La raza

Liberalism and Centrism[edit]

Main articles: Liberalism and Liberalism by country
See also: Economic liberalism, Religious liberalism, Civic nationalism, Liberal internationalism, Liberal democracy, Corporatism, Libertarianism, Civil libertarianism, Christian libertarianism, Anti-communism, and Anti-fascism

Liberalism[edit]

General[edit]

Other[edit]

Centrism[edit]

Main article: Centrism

Regional variants[edit]

African[edit]

American[edit]

Asian / Pacific[edit]

European[edit]

Middle Eastern / Indian[edit]

Nationalism and Fascism[edit]

Main article: Nationalism
See also: Patriotism, Protectionism, Isolationism, Irridentism, Revanchism, Souverainism, and Euroscepticism

General[edit]

Fascism[edit]

Main article: Fascism
See also: Proto-fascism, Reactionary, Anti-liberalism, Anti-communism, and Volkisch movement

Other[edit]

Religious variants[edit]

Main article: Religious nationalism

Regional variants[edit]

African[edit]

Main article: African nationalism

American[edit]

Asian / Pacific[edit]

European[edit]

Middle Eastern / Indian[edit]

Unification movements[edit]

See also: Global citizenship and Pan-nationalism

Populism and Direct democracy movements[edit]

Main articles: Popular sovereignty, Populism, and Direct democracy

General[edit]

Left-wing populism[edit]

Main article: Left-wing populism

Right-wing populism[edit]

Main article: Right-wing populism

Regional variants[edit]

Religious ideologies[edit]

Main article: Religion and politics
See also: Engaged Spirituality and Religion and peacebuilding

General[edit]

Buddhism[edit]

Christianity[edit]

Main articles: Christianity and politics, Christian right, Christian left, and Political theology

Hinduism[edit]

Islam[edit]

Main article: Political aspects of Islam

Judaism[edit]

Main articles: Judaism and politics and Jewish political movements

Mormonism[edit]

Shinto[edit]

Sikhism[edit]

Socialism and Communism[edit]

Main article: Socialism
See also: Marxism, Classical Marxism, Agrarianism, Left-wing populism, Anti-capitalism, Anti-fascism, Old Left, and New Left

Evolutionary socialism[edit]

Revolutionary socialism[edit]

Main article: Revolutionary socialism

Communism[edit]

Main article: Communism

Other[edit]

Regional variants of socialism[edit]

Religious variants of socialism[edit]

Main article: Religious socialism

Regional variants of communism[edit]

Main articles: History of communism, Communism in the Soviet Union, and Ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

African[edit]

American[edit]

Asian / Pacific[edit]

European[edit]

Middle Eastern / Indian[edit]

See also[edit]


References[edit]

  1. ↑ https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/state-of-socialism-a-note-on-terminology/4C742B00BE0D00ED3F0BE855097DE5F7#
  2. ↑ D. McLellan, Ideology, University of Minnesota Press, 1986, p. 1.
  3. ↑ Bouchard, T. J., and McGue, M. (2003). Genetic and environmental influences on human psychological differences. Journal of Neurobiology, 54 (1), 44–45.
  4. ↑ Cloninger, et al. (1993).[citation not found]
  5. ↑ Eaves, L. J., Eysenck, H. J. (1974). Genetics and the development of social attitudes. Nature, 249, 288–289.
  6. ↑ Alford, (2005).[citation not found]
  7. ↑ Hatemi, P. K., Medland, S. E., Morley, K. I., Heath, A. C., Martin, N.G. (2007). "The genetics of voting: An Australian twin study". Behavior Genetics, 37 (3), 435–448.
  8. ↑ Hatemi, P. K., Hibbing, J., Alford, J., Martin, N., Eaves, L. (2009). "Is there a 'party' in your genes?". Political Research Quarterly, 62 (3), 584–600.
  9. ↑ Settle, J. E., Dawes, C. T., and Fowler, J. H. (2009). "The heritability of partisan attachment". Political Research Quarterly, 62 (3), 601–613.
  10. ↑ Anonymous Conservative. The Evolutionary Psychology Behind Politics.
  11. ↑ "Program - Gibanje Zedinjena Slovenija". Gibanje Zedinjena Slovenija (in slovenščina). Retrieved 2018-11-01.
  12. ↑ "Anti-migrant paramilitary group springs up in Slovenia". DailySabah. Retrieved 2018-11-01.

Notes[edit]


This article "List of political ideologies" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.


External links[edit]

Useful notes on political ideologies


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