Gelonians and Mordvins
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 Roman marble relief (1st century AD) from Naukratis showing Dionysus, snake-bodied. See Scythian Viper | |
| Author | Vladimir Semenkovich |
|---|---|
| Original title | Гелоны и мордва |
| Illustrator | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Language | Russian |
| Genre | monograph |
| Publisher | A.I. Snegiryova's Publishing |
Publication date | 1913 |
| Media type | print (Hardback) |
| Pages | 256 |
| Website | www.prlib.ru/item/406146 |
Gelons and Mordvins (Russian: Гелоны и мордва, romanized: Geloni i mordva) is a 1913 monograph by Vladimir Nikolaevich Semenkovich, first part of the planned work.
Monograph[edit]
Ancient authors analyzed by Semenkovich[edit]
Semenkovich cites 146 sources in his monograph. This is the list of his sources, mostly Greek and some Roman.
- Hecataeus of Miletus
- Herodotus
- Scylax of Caryanda
- Unnamed author (probabaly Scymn of Chios)
- Strabo
- Dionysius
- Eustathius of Cappadocia
- Scholia to Dionysius
- Arrian
- Ptolemy
- Agathemerus
- Marcian
- Stephanus of Byzantium's text on tribes' description abridged probably by Hermolaus of Macedon
- Unnamed author's text, probably by Arrian on travel around Pontus Euxinos
- Nikephoros Blemmydes
- Unnamed author's Narration of Earth Description in abridgement
- Homer
- Aeschylus
- Sophocles
- Euripides
- Hellanicus of Lesbos
- Pherecydes of Leros
- Ctesias
- Scholia to Plato
- Demosthenes
- Aeschines of Neapolis
- Theopompus
- Aristotle
- Theophrastus
- John Tzetzes
- Scholia to Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes
- Polybius
- Nicander
- Diodorus Siculus
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus
- Philo
- Josephus
- Plutarch
- Antonius Diogenes
- Arrian
- Aelius Aristides
- Appian
- Lucian
- Polyaenus
- Pausanias
- Oppian
- Iamblichus
- Galen
- Julius Pollux
- Maximus of Tyre
- Clement of Alexandria
- Sextus Empiricus
- Arcadius
- Claudius Aelianus
- Diogenes Laertius
- Eusebius
- Basil of Caesarea
- Synesius
- Philostorgius
- Aelia Eudocia
- Zosimus
- Priscus
- Hesychius of Alexandria & Timotheus of Miletus
- Marcus Terentius Varro
- Cornelius Nepos
- Virgil
- Maurus Servius Honoratus
- Marcus Valerius Probus
- Bern scholia, authorship unknown
- Horace
- Scholiasts of Horace: Pomponius Porphyrion
- Helenius Acron
- Tibullus
- Propertius
- Augustus
- Vitruvius
Ancient Geography[edit]
Manych[edit]
Semenkovich underlines the problem of existence Manych as the ancient strait connecting Black and Caspian seas have been always underestimated. No controversy in ancient authors' accounts when they mention "another" Tanais. They are not to blame to mix this strait with a river taking into consideration that the water level might lower seasonally like in a river. The main persisting problem seems to be that modern scholars are not aware of this strait existing in ancient world as a whole. The other problem is that we may not be aware of another distributary of Volga connecting with Manych. So they might reach not only the Caspian sea and Volga but probably Aral sea as well.
Ancient trade routes[edit]
Semenkovich believed Dnieper and Pripyat trade routes connected cultural nations with the North since hoards of Roman coins had been found in modern Eastern Prussia and Russia. He also pointed to detection of a Greek inscription in ruins of Old Sarai city on Volga (Saratov Governorate) which contained praise to some Kaius and indicates the existence of navigation. Greeks did not seek furs, they needed gold. Normally Greeks imported fruits, fish, raw pelts from Scythia. They exported leather, clothes, wines, homewares, and there were slave markets in city Tanaid.
Ancient Gelonus[edit]
Semenkovich locates Gelonians on the left bank of Middle Don westwards from Melanchlaeni up to the river bend. Geloni became one of the disappeared people since there were no accounts on them since the time of Herodotus. In spite of that "not knowing is not the only reason for their diasappearance".
Gelonians and Finnic tribes[edit]
Gelonians emerged on Don and its the upper reaches and upper reaches of Oka from mixture of Greeks and Finnic tribes. Semenkovich pays attention to the fact that according to Herodotus Gelonians were of Greek descent. He identifies Gelonians with Russian: мордва, romanized: mordva, lit. 'Moksha, Erzya, Mescher, Muroma, Meryans [lower-alpha 1]'. He further associates Moksha with Moschi and traces them to Caucasus where they had neighboured Colchis. Erzya are associated with Aorsi, Arthania and Khazar time Arsiyah. Herodotus's Budini are associated with Votyaks, Mares with Mari and Issedones with Zyrians. Plato's Ancient Greek: μελανείμων, romanized: melaneimon, lit. 'black-clad' from Timaeus he associates with Estonians.
Gelonians and Balts[edit]
Gelonians are not Galindians. Vladimir Semenkovich produces in the monograph his own translation of Maroński's "Herodots Gelonen keine preussisch-litauische Völkerschaft. Zeitschrift des West Preussischen Geschiechtsvereins" (1883)[1] whilst Maroński was the first to exhaustively prove Gelonians might not be identified with Balts.
Critics[edit]
"Soviet Ethnography" journal twice сites "Gelons and Mordvins" between 1949 and 1970[2][3]Dovatur A.I., Kallistov D.P., Shishova I.A. cite the monograph in 1982. [4]Cited in Anna Kotłowska's "Drewniane Miasto” Gelonos [Ancient City Gelonus]. Adam Mickiewicz Poznan University, 2016.[5] Cited in Liberov P.D. Ethnicity of Middle Don Population in Scythian Time. 1971.[6] No opposition to the monograph. All known works of Vladimir Semenkovich are digitized and available in Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library.[7]
See also[edit]
- Bilske Horodyshche, Ukraine. Site of Gelon 8th-3th c BC[8]
- Chernoles culture
- Vasily Gorodtsov
References[edit]
- ↑ Maroński & Semenkovich 1913
- ↑ Alikhova A.E. To The Burtas Problem. Soviet Ethnography Journal. Issue 1, 1949
- ↑ Vasilyev V.I. Siirtya. Legend Or Reality? Soviet Ethnography Journal. Issue 1, 1970
- ↑ Dovatur A.I., Kallistov D.P., Shishova I.A. Peoples Of Our Country In Herodotus' Histories. Nauka, Moscow, 1982
- ↑ Anna Kotłowska."Drewniane Miasto” Gelonos [Ancient City Gelonus]. Adam Mickiewicz Poznan University, 2016 (in Polish)
- ↑ Liberov P.D. Ethnicity of Middle Don Population in Scythian Time. Scythian Archaeology Problems. USSR Academey Of Science Archaeology Institute, 1971
- ↑ "Gelons and Mordvins" in Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library
- ↑ Shramko 1987
Sources[edit]
- Alikhova A.E. To The Burtas Problem. Soviet Ethnography Journal. Issue 1, 1949
- Vasilyev V.I. Siirtya. Legend Or Reality? Soviet Ethnography Journal. Issue 1, 1970
- Dovatur A.I., Kallistov D.P., Shishova I.A. Peoples Of Our Country In Herodotus' Histories. Nauka, Moscow, 1982
- Shramko, Borys (1987), Bilske Settlement Of Scythian Epoch (Gelonus City), Kyev: Naukova Dumka
- Maroński, Stanisław; Semenkovich, Vladimir (1913), Herodot's Gelonen keine preussisch-litauische Völkerschaft. Zeitschrift des West Preussischen Geschiechtsvereins, Danzig: Yeltsin President Library
External links[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
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