Goral Dialects
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| Goral South Lesser Polish | |
|---|---|
| Góralsko mowa | |
| Native to | Poland, Slovakia |
| Region | Podhale, Orava, Spiš, Outer Western Beskids, |
Indo-European
| |
| Latin script (Polish alphabet, Slovak alphabet, Goral alphabet)[2] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Linguasphere | Poles(Lachy) Gorals |
The Goral Dialects are several similar dialects spoken by Gorals which most Gorals don't tell apart and reffer to all as Górolski.[3]The term is often used to reffer to the prestige Podhale dialect.
Dialects[edit]
Lesser Polish dialects[edit]
Podhale-Beskid continuum[edit]
- Orava dialect
- Podhale dialect
- South Zywiec dialect
- Spis dialect
- Transmontane dialect(transitional between carpatho-foothill and podhale-beskid)[4]
Carpatho-Foothill continuum (Goral-Lachy continuum)[edit]
- Babia gora dialect
- Klishchak dialect
- Łącko dialect
- Pieniny dialect
- Piwniczna dialect
- North Zywiec dialect
- Śądecki dialect
Silesian dialects[edit]
- Cieszyn dialect (only the southern part of where the dialect is spoke)
- Jablunkov dialect
Main features[edit]
Despite not being a unified dialect,rather a lot of similar dialects[5][6] they share a lot of similarities including:
Words of Romanian origin that came in during the Vlach colonization like cap,ferula,bryndza,redyk
Words of Slovak origin like ano,cesta,hore[7]
The ending -łem -łam i1st person turning into -łek -łam
Old religious based greetings like Ôstońcié z Bogiem (literally Stay with God)
Words like Ej,E,Y or the ending -ez are used when someone is commanding an action.
| Goral | Polish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Witojcié! | Cześć! | Hi! (literally, "Welcome!", "Cześć" is more common as "Hi" in Polish but has a different meaning) |
| Niek bedzié pokwolony!/Dobre rano | Dzień dobry! | Hello, Good morning!, (literally, "Hail him (Jesus)" is still used in churches) |
| Jozek Janko. | Ja jestem Jasiek. | I am John. |
| Aś dzisiok jes barz piyknié ! | Ale dzisiaj jest pięknie! | Today is a wonderful/beautiful day! |
| Mi sié widzis! | Lubię cię! | I like you! |
| Jo jes Górol. | Jestem Góralem. | I am Goral |
| Upper case | Lower case | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| A | a | /a/ |
| B | b | /b/ |
| C | c | /t͡s/ |
| Ć | ć | /t͡ʃ/ |
| D | d | /d/ |
| E | e | /ɛ/ |
| É | é | [ɘ] to [ɪ̈] |
| F | f | /f/ |
| G | g | /ɡ/ |
| H | h | /h/ |
| Ch | ch | /x/ |
| I | i | /i/ |
| Y | y | /ɨ/ |
| Ý | ý | /i/ |
| J | j | /j/ |
| K | k | /k/ |
| L | l | /l/ |
| Trz | trz | /t͡ʂ/ |
| M | m | /m/ |
| N | n | /n/ |
| Ń | ń | /nʲ/ |
| O | o | /ɔ/ |
| Ô | ô | /uɔ/ |
| P | p | /p/ |
| R | r | /r/ |
| S | s | /s/ |
| Ś | ś | /ɕ/ |
| T | t | /t/ |
| U | u | /u/ |
| Ó | ó | /o/ |
| W | w | /v/ |
| Z | z | /z/ |
| Rz | rz | /ʐ/ |
History[edit]
Goral dialects began to evolve in the 13th – 14th centuries,when the German population communicated with the Slavic people,later they were influenced by Wallachian shepards.The Slovak language has had the strongest influence on these dialects in recent centuries.[8]
References[edit]
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Goral Dialects at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
- ↑ "PlWiki > Gwara góralska". PlWiki (in polski). Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ "GWARA". 2014-09-05. Archived from the original on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ "DIALEKTOLOGIA POLSKA". www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ https://www.unipo.sk/public/media/26738/Goralske%20narecia_web%20(s%20ob%C3%A1lkou).pdf[bare URL PDF]
- ↑ "Gwara góralska - wypływy innych krajów". www.zwiazek-podhalan.pl. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ "Nárečie - Oficiálna stránka obce Oravské Veselé". www.oravskevesele.sk. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
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