Goral Dialects
| Goral South Lesser Polish | |
|---|---|
| Góralsko mowa | |
| Native to | Poland, Slovakia |
| Region | Podhale, Orava, Spiš, Outer Western Beskids, |
Indo-European
| |
| Latin script (Polish alphabet, Slovak alphabet, Goral alphabet)[2] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Linguasphere | Poles(Lachy) Gorals |
The Goral Dialects are several similar dialects spoken by Gorals which most Gorals do not distinguish and refer to all as Górolski.[3] The term is often used to refer to the prestige Podhale dialect.
Dialects
Lesser Polish dialects
Podhale-Beskid continuum
- Orava dialect
- Podhale dialect
- South Żywiec dialect
- Spis dialect
- Transmontane dialect (transitional between Carpatho-Foothill and Podhale-Beskid)[4]
Carpatho-Foothill continuum (Goral-Lachy continuum)
- Babia Góra dialect
- Klishchak dialect
- Łącko dialect
- Pieniny dialect
- Piwniczna dialect
- North Żywiec dialect
- Sądecki dialect
Silesian dialects
- Cieszyn dialect (only the southern part of where the dialect is spoken)
- Jablunkov dialect
Main features
Despite not being a unified dialect, rather a collection of similar dialects[5][6] they share a lot of similarities including:
Words of Romanian origin that came in during the Vlach colonization like cap, ferula, bryndza, redyk
Words of Slovak origin like ano, cesta, hore[7]
The ending -łem -łam in the 1st person turning into -łek -łam
Old religious based greetings like Ôstońcié z Bogiem (literally Stay with God)
Words like Ej, E, Y or the ending -ez are used when someone is commanding an action.
| Goral | Polish | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Witojcié! | Cześć! | Hi! (literally, "Welcome!", "Cześć" is more common as "Hi" in Polish but has a different meaning) |
| Niek bedzié pokwolony!/Dobre rano | Dzień dobry! | Hello, Good morning!, (literally, "Hail him (Jesus)" is still used in churches) |
| Jozek Janko. | Ja jestem Jasiek. | I am John. |
| Aś dzisiok jes barz piyknié ! | Ale dzisiaj jest pięknie! | Today is a wonderful/beautiful day! |
| Mi sié widzis! | Lubię cię! | I like you! |
| Jo jes Górol. | Jestem Góralem. | I am Goral |
| Upper case | Lower case | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| A | a | /a/ |
| B | b | /b/ |
| C | c | /t͡s/ |
| Ć | ć | /t͡ʃ/ |
| D | d | /d/ |
| E | e | /ɛ/ |
| É | é | [ɘ] to [ɪ̈] |
| F | f | /f/ |
| G | g | /ɡ/ |
| H | h | /h/ |
| Ch | ch | /x/ |
| I | i | /i/ |
| Y | y | /ɨ/ |
| Ý | ý | /i/ |
| J | j | /j/ |
| K | k | /k/ |
| L | l | /l/ |
| Trz | trz | /t͡ʂ/ |
| M | m | /m/ |
| N | n | /n/ |
| Ń | ń | /nʲ/ |
| O | o | /ɔ/ |
| Ô | ô | /uɔ/ |
| P | p | /p/ |
| R | r | /r/ |
| S | s | /s/ |
| Ś | ś | /ɕ/ |
| T | t | /t/ |
| U | u | /u/ |
| Ó | ó | /o/ |
| W | w | /v/ |
| Z | z | /z/ |
| Rz | rz | /ʐ/ |
History
Goral dialects began to evolve in the 13th – 14th centuries, when the German population communicated with the Slavic people, later they were influenced by Wallachian shepherds. The Slovak language has had the strongest influence on these dialects in recent centuries.[8]
References
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Goral Dialects at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
- ↑ "PlWiki > Gwara góralska". PlWiki (in polski). Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ "GWARA". 2014-09-05. Archived from the original on 2014-09-05. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ "DIALEKTOLOGIA POLSKA". www.dialektologia.uw.edu.pl. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ https://www.unipo.sk/public/media/26738/Goralske%20narecia_web%20(s%20ob%C3%A1lkou).pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ↑ "Gwara góralska - wypływy innych krajów". www.zwiazek-podhalan.pl. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
- ↑ "Nárečie - Oficiálna stránka obce Oravské Veselé". www.oravskevesele.sk. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
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