Grape vine
Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. As of 2012[update], there were between 5,000 and 10,000 varieties of Vitis vinifera grapes though only a few are of commercial significance for wine and table grape production.[1]
The wild grape is often classified as Vitis vinifera sylvestris (in some classifications considered Vitis sylvestris), with Vitis vinifera vinifera restricted to cultivated forms. Domesticated vines have hermaphrodite flowers, but sylvestris is dioecious (male and female flowers on separate plants) and pollination is required for fruit to develop.
The grapevine is referenced 55 times in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament), along with grapes and wine, which are also frequently mentioned (55 and 19, respectively).[2] The Bible lists the grapevine as one of the Seven Species of the Land of Israel,[3][2] and frequently uses it as a symbol of the Israelites as the chosen people.[4] A detailed description of vineyard maintenance is provided in the Book of Isaiah (5:1–7).[5]
References
- ↑ Wine and Spirits: Understanding Wine Quality (Second Revised ed.). London: Wine & Spirits Education Trust. 2012. pp. 2–5. ISBN 978-1-905819-15-7. Search this book on
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Netzer, Yishai; Netzer, Nissan (2021). "Hebrew Vine and Wine Terms from Ancient Times to the Present". Judea and Samaria Research Studies. 30 (1): 127–145. doi:10.26351/JSRS/30-1/5. ISSN 2617-8737. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Deuteronomy 8:8
- ↑ Isaiah 5:7, Hosea 9:10
- ↑ Walsh, Carey Ellen (2000-01-01), "The Cultivation of Grape Vines", The Fruit of the Vine, Brill, pp. 87–126, doi:10.1163/9789004369825_005, ISBN 978-90-04-36982-5, retrieved 2024-07-22
Template:Vitis (grape) species
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