Hadith of closing the doors
Hadith of closing the doors (Arabic: حديث سدّ الأبواب, romanized: ḥadīth sadd al-abwāb) refers to closing the doors of houses that were opened to Al-Masjid an-Nabawi.[1] In the third year after the Muhammad's first revelation, Allah ordered the Prophet to shut the doors that were opened to Al-Masjed al-Nabawi except the door of Ali ibn Abi Talib's house. The Sadd al-Abwab is a Mutawatir Hadith in Shia and Sunni scholars' works.
Lexical meaning
In an Arabic dictionary, Al-Munjid, Sadd means to shut out and Abwab means doors; totally Sadd al-Abwab means the closing of the doors.[2]
Description of the event
After the building of Al-Masjid al-Nabawi, a number of houses were built for Muhammad and some of his wives around it. Then some of the Sahabah of Muhammad built their houses around the Al-Masjid al-Nabawi. All of these houses had a door that opened to the mosque. In the 3rd year after Muhammad's first revelation, Allah ordered the Prophet to shut the doors of houses that opened to the mosque, except for Ali ibn Abi Talib’s house.[3] After this order, some people protested to the Prophet. He answered them: "I am ordered by Allah to shut all the doors except for Ali ibn Abi Talib’s. I heard your words. By Allah, I did not order to shut or open any door of the mosque. Then I am compelled to do so."[4][5][6] In some sources, it is mentioned that Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib became sad and said to Muhammad: "Are you telling your uncle to leave, while you are keeping your cousin?" Muhammad answered: "I did not keep him, but it is Allah’s order."[7][8][9]
Authenticity of the Hadith
According to Ibn Shahr Ashoob, about thirty of the Sahabah such as Abu Sa'id al-Khudri, Umm Salama and Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas have narrated this hadith.[10] Ibn 'Asakir has allocated about thirty pages of the book of "The translation of Imam Ali ibn Abitalib" to versions of narrations of this Hadith.[11] Muhammad Baqir Majlisi says this Hadith is Mutawatir.[12] Sheikh Abdul Hosein Amini mentions in his work, Al-Ghadir: "Sunni scholars have narrated the Hadith of Sadd al-Abwab with numerous and Sahih sources from a number of Sahabah of the Prophet, which can be regarded as Mutawatir hadith."[13]
Similar Hadith about Abu Bakr
Ibn Kathir mentioned a similar Hadith that says Muhammad ordered to shut all doors except Abu Bakr's.[14] The hadith is in the authentic Sunni hadith collection of Bukhari:
Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: "Allah's Apostle in his fatal illness came out with a piece of cloth tied round his head and sat on the pulpit. After thanking and praising Allah he said, "There is no one who had done more favor to me with life and property than Abu Bakr bin Abi Quhafa. If I were to take a Khalil, I would certainly have taken Abu Bakr but the Islamic brotherhood is superior. Close all the small doors in this mosque except that of Abu Bakr."
References
- ↑ Hosseini Milani, Ali (2009). Study on Sadd al-Abwāb Hadith. Qom: Al-Haghaegh. Search this book on
- ↑ Ma'luf, Luwis. Al-Munjid. Search this book on
- ↑ "Sadd Abwab".
- ↑ Ahmad Ibn Hanbal. Virtues of Amir al-Mu'menin Ali ibn Abi Talib. p. 177. Search this book on
- ↑ Hakim al-Nishaburi. Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain. 3. p. 125. Search this book on
- ↑ Ibn Kathir. Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nahayah. 7. p. 342. Search this book on
- ↑ Ghazi Nu'man. Sharh al-Akhbar. 2. p. 196. Search this book on
- ↑ Muhammad Ali Abtahi. Tahzib al-Maqal. Search this book on
- ↑ Sayyed Ali Akbr Gharashi. From Hijrah to Rihlah. Search this book on
- ↑ Ibn Shahr Ashoob. Manaqib Aal Abi Talib. 2. pp. 36–40. Search this book on
- ↑ Ibn 'Asakir. The translation of Imam Ali ibn Abitalib. 1. pp. 275–305. Search this book on
- ↑ Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir. Bihar al-Anwar. 39. p. 35. Search this book on
- ↑ Amini, Abdul Husein. Al-Ghadir. 3. p. 202. Search this book on
- ↑ Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009). Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147. MSA Publication Limited. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-86179-563-2. Search this book on
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