Hadrian Wine
 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (February 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) |
| Hatria: quadruncia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Apollo on the left and sign of value: ••••. | HAT cantaro and ivy leaf on top |
| Æ: quadruncia (aes grave), about 280 BC; 193.74 g | |
Hadrianum wine (Greek: Adriakos, Adrianos)[1] was originated in Hatria or Hadria, modern name Atri, a town in Picenum,[2] on the Adriatic coast of central Italy.[1] The wine was already ancient in fame and was rated as one of the good wines of the Empire, along with Praetutianum.[3]
History[edit]
The wine production in Atri was first recorded dated back to the Greek-Roman historian Polybius, who mentions how Hannibal, following the triumph at Trasimeno in 217 BC, passed the Apennines,[4] and then went on in the Teramo valleys, found food and wines that were capable of regaining their exhausted armies.[5] The Atrian wine was produced in amphora, which praised by Greeks and Romans. The clayey land of Calanchi has allowed and expanded the production of the amphorae, mentioned by the some Greek and Latin authors.[6] Archaeologists have classified the amphorae in question as Lamboglia 2, an amphora with an elongated shape, in terracotta, which distributed in the regions of the Adriatic, and which transported wine. According to the book "News of the excavations of Antiquity" of 1882 (on page 149), the city of Atri is mentioned, and the following details are reported:
| "A breve distanza della città fu rinvenuta rotta in più pezzi una anfora ansata, della quale fu puro trovato il coperchio in forma di piccola discoidale, col diametro di cm 10, avente nel centro un pomettino intorno a cui in lettere arcaiche si legge HATRIA, bollo abbastanza raro, anche non sia questo unico esempio del nome Hatria, impresso su figulini di questa regione" (IT) | "A short distance from the city a broken amphora was found broken into several pieces, the lid of which was pure found in the form of a small discoid, with a diameter of 10 cm, having in the center a pomettino around which in archaic letters we read HATRIA, stamp quite rare, even if not this unique example of the name Hatria, imprinted on figulini of this region" (EN) |
The name of the city is associated with a wine produced in the area of the same name which is the hadrianum wine. The discovery also guarantees that Atri is a place for the amphorae production. Based on the archaism and fortified by the inscription, the discovery was taken in a period not much less than the middle of the second century BC. The amphorae in question contained wine and not any other product like oil, based on the description of the amphorae such as Lamboglia 2; as well as from the later data from Augustus, which mentioned a good vintage wine produced in Hadria. Therefore, it was concluded that the vintage in question was the hadrianum.
The oldest dated example of this type of amphoras were also discovered in Athens in the last quarter of the second century. It occurred because a great vintage of a wine that rose under Emperor Augustus was sold in cities just like Alexandria and Athens, rather than in Rome.
The wine in ancient times[edit]
Since then, the Greeks would serve Roman wines, mostly the hadrianum, also for commercial reasons. In fact, during the period of Emperor Augustus, in the poem of Greek Anthology, Italian wine emerged in Greece in the second century as a luxury wine par excellence, "what the poor dream and the rich drink when they celebrate".[7]
Doctor Dioscorides, who after admiring hadrianum, also praised the pretuziano, produced in areas of the atrium agro, sub-appennine part of the Pretuzio. It can be observed from the phrase "Intus versus Adriani", which is translated as, "From the internal places towards Atri", found from the early period. Dioscorides also describes hadrianum as mediocre astringent, suitable for aging and such that it does not overwhelm the nerves, which keeps inebriation and sleep for a long time and stimulates the urinary tract.
Galen, who lived during the period of the Antonines, mentions the wine five times, which he describes it as austere and noble, recognized for their old age, watery, and astringent, helpful to the elderly[8], and similar to the Sabines. Another doctor Athenaeus, who placed them in his recipe book, repeated the same characteristics as Galen, adding that it is pleasing to take those of a few years and reveal them to the open so that they decrease in strength.[5]
Pliny and others others also named hadrianum, produced in the Picenum, as one of the most appreciated wines, along with a few others.[9] Another Emperor who mentioned about hadrianum was Hadrian, who introduced this wine as a medicated wine.[10]
It has been mentioned with more than one writer that the Atrian Castrense or Roman-Latin countryside of Pretutius, including the Atrian territory proper, was prolific. But with Polybius' precise and detailed description calls it "opulent and fertile province", and that Hannibal used to revive his horses and his armies with old wines, of which is abundant in Atri. According to Polybius, Hannibal had come down and stayed to get supplies and rest with his armies, in a forested countryside pack of pastures.[5]
The citation of the ‘Picenum’ in Diocletian’s Edict maximum Prices in 301 AD and the presence of the Hadrianum in three Egyptian papyri in the 3rd century AD hint at the continuous production and export of these Adriatic central wines after the 2nd century AD.[11] At the end of the 2nd century, the best vineyards in Italy have generally not fallen. Production and trade of great Campanian wines continues, as well as on the coast Adriatic, that of the Hadrianum.[7]
See also[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
- André Tchernia, Le vin de l'Italie romaine
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Dalby, Andrew (2013-04-15). Food in the Ancient World from A to Z. Routledge. p. 171. ISBN 978-1-135-95422-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Livy (1888). Livy, book XXII. Deighton, Bell. p. 40. Search this book on
- ↑ Dalby, Andrew (2002). Empire of Pleasures: Luxury and Indulgence in the Roman World. Psychology Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-415-28073-0. Search this book on
- ↑ Arnold, Thomas (1886). The Second Punic War: Being Chapters of the History of Rome. Macmillan and Company. p. 380. Search this book on
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "HATRIA = ATRI. Dr. Luigi Sorricchio". www.abruzzoinmostra.it. pp. 107, 110, 179, 280–281. Retrieved 2020-05-01. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Settembre 2019, 06. "Atri, domenica appuntamento con "Vini&Amphora"". Il Centro (in italiano). Retrieved 2020-05-01.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Tchernia, André (1986). Le vin de l'Italie romaine. Essai d'histoire économique d'après les amphores. 261. Ecoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome. pp. 55, 168, 259–260, 295. Search this book on
- ↑ https://www.societies.ncl.ac.uk/pgfnewcastle/files/2015/03/White-Poets-patronage-and-vintages.pdf
- ↑ Sandler, Merton; Pinder, Roger (2002-12-19). Wine: A Scientific Exploration. CRC Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-203-36138-2. Search this book on
- ↑ Amida.), Aetius (of (1950). The Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the VIth Century, A. D. Blakiston. p. 215. Search this book on
- ↑ Limbergen, Dimitri Van. "Vinum picenum and oliva picena. Wine and oil presses in central Adriatic Italy between the Late Republic and the Early Empire. Evidence and Problems". BABesch: 72.
This article "Hadrian Wine" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Hadrian Wine. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
