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Hallelujah

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

For the Leonard Cohen song, see Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song). For other uses, see Hallelujah (disambiguation).
Hallelujah written in Modern Hebrew.

Hallelujah (/ˌhæləˈluːjə/ HAL-ə-LOO-yə; Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Modern Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.) is an interjection from the Hebrew language, used as an expression of gratitude to God.[1][2] The term is used 24 times in the Tanakh (in the book of Psalms), twice in deuterocanonical books, and four times in the Christian Book of Revelation.[3]

The phrase is used in Judaism as part of the Hallel prayers.

Etymology

Hallelujah is a transliteration of Script error: The function "langx" does not exist. (hallū yāh), which means "praise ye Jah!" (from הַלְלוּ, "praise ye!" [4] and יָהּ, "Jah".)[5][6][7] The word hallēl in Hebrew means a joyous praise in song. The second part, Yah, is a shortened form of YHWH (Yahweh or Jehovah in modern English).

Zionist Mass, singing Hallelujah.

In the Hebrew Bible hallelujah is actually a two-word phrase, hal(e)lu-Yah, and not one word. The first part, hallu, is the second-person imperative masculine plural form of the Hebrew verb hillel.[4] The phrase "hallelujah" translates to "praise Jah/Yah",[2][8] though it carries a deeper meaning as the word halel in Hebrew means a joyous praise in song, to boast in God.[9][10]

The second part, Yah, is a shortened form of YHWH, and is a shortened form of his name "God, Jah, or Jehovah".[3] The name ceased to be pronounced in Second Temple Judaism, by the 3rd century BC due to religious beliefs.[11] The correct pronunciation is not known. However, it is sometimes rendered in non-Jewish sources as "Yahweh" or "Jehovah". The Septuagint translates Yah as Kyrios (the LORD, stylized in all-capitals in English),[12] because of the Jewish custom of replacing the sacred name with "Adonai", meaning "my Lord".

The linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann argues that the word Hallelujah is usually not replaced by a praise God! translation due to the belief in iconicity: the perception that there is something intrinsic about the relationship between the sound of the word and its meaning.[13]:62

Usage by Jews

13th century French manuscript; the words "Hallelu-Yah" at the end of Psalm 148 and at the start of Psalm 149 appear above and below the man's left-pointing hand.
Two times "Hallelu-Yah" (הַלְלוּ יָהּ), cropped from the manuscript page above. French 13th century.

The word "Hallelujah" is sung as part of the Hallel Psalms (interspersed between Psalms 113–150).[14] In Tractate Shabbat of the Talmud, Rabbi Yose is quoted as saying that the Pesukei dezimra Psalms should be recited daily.[15] Psalms 145–150, also known as the Hallel of pesukei dezimra, are included to fulfill this requirement in the liturgy for the traditional Jewish Shacharit (morning) service.[16] In addition, on the three Pilgrimage Festivals, the new moon and Hanukkah, Psalms 113–118 are recited.[17] The latter psalms are known simply as Hallel with no additional qualification.

Psalms 146:10, ending with Halleluja, is the third and final biblical quotation in the Kedushah. This expanded version of the third blessing in the Amidah is said during the Shacharit and Mincha (morning and afternoon) services when there is a minyan present.[18]

In popular culture

In modern English, "Hallelujah" is frequently spoken to express happiness that a thing hoped or waited for has happened.[19] An example is its use in the song "Get Happy".

"Hallelujah" was the winning song of the Eurovision Song Contest 1979, performed in Hebrew by Milk and Honey, including Gali Atari, for the State of Israel.

Leonard Cohen's 1984 song "Hallelujah" was initially rejected by Columbia Records for lacking commercial appeal, was popularized through covers by John Cale (1991) and Jeff Buckley (1994), achieved "modern ubiquity" after its inclusion in the animated movie Shrek (2001), and reached the Billboard charts upon Cohen's death in 2016.[20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Young1993
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hardon, John (4 September 1985). Pocket Catholic Dictionary: Abridged Edition of Modern Catholic Dictionary. Crown Publishing Group. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-385-23238-8. Alleluia. Hebrew hallelujah "praise Yahweh". Search this book on
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Woods
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Page H. Kelley, Biblical Hebrew, an Introductory Grammar, page 169. Ethics & Public Policy Center, 1959. ISBN 978-0-8028-0598-0 Search this book on ..
  5. ↑ Hallelujah, also spelled Alleluia, Encyclopædia Britannica
  6. ↑ Brown-Driver-Briggs (Hebrew and English Lexicon, page 238)
  7. ↑ page 403, note on line 1 of Psalm 113, Alter, Robert (2007). The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-06226-7. Search this book on
  8. ↑ Greenman, Jeffrey P.; Sumner, George R. (2004). Unwearied Praises: Exploring Christian Faith Through Classic Hymns. Clements Publishing Group. p. 84. ISBN 978-1-894667-48-7. The term "Alleluia" or "Hallelujah" represents a call to praise derived from the Hebrew "Hallelu Yah" (a shortened form for Yahweh), which simply means, "Praise the Lord." It is common for Psalms used in Temple worship to begin and end with "Alleluia". Likewise, in the New Testament's description of heavenly worship, we find "Hallelujah" as the centre of the multitude's "roar" of praise. They sum up creation's praise by singing: "Hallelujah! For our Lord God Almighty reigns. Let us rejoice and be glad and give him glory!" (Revelation 19:6-7) Given the prominence of "Alleluia" as a biblical form of praise, it is no surprise that one of the greatest Easter hymns, "Jesus Christ is Risen Today" repeats "Alleluia" at the end of each line. Search this book on
  9. ↑ George Fohrer. Hebrew and Aramaic Dictionary of the Old Testament, under הלל. Walter de Gruyter, 1973. ISBN 978-3-11-004572-7 Search this book on ..
  10. ↑ Joseph Samuel C.F. Frey, A Hebrew, Latin, and English dictionary, 1815, entry for הלל on page 254
  11. ↑ Harris, Stephen L. Understanding the Bible: a reader's introduction, 2nd ed. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. page 21.
  12. ↑ "What is the difference between lord, Lord and LORD? | AHRC". www.ancient-hebrew.org. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  13. ↑ Zuckermann, Ghil'ad (2003), Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403917232 Search this book on . / ISBN 9781403938695 Search this book on . [1]
  14. ↑ David E. Garland, Psalms, Volume 5 of The Expositor's Bible Commentary, page 62.
  15. ↑ Shabbat 118b, Sefaria
  16. ↑ Scott-Martin Kosofsky, The Book of Customs, Harper San Francisco, 2004; pages 25-26.
  17. ↑ Elie Munk, The World of Prayer, Vol. 2, Revised ed., Feldheim, Jerusalem, 2007; pages 129–133.
  18. ↑ Scott-Martin Kosofsky, The Book of Customs, Harper San Francisco, 2004; page 33.
  19. ↑ Hallelujah definition in Macmillan Dictionary
  20. ↑ LeDonne, Rob (June 29, 2022). "'More than a song': the enduring power of Leonard Cohen's Hallelujah". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 3, 2022. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

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