Higher Secondary Education
The educational system in Bangladesh is divided into three major categories: primary - class one to class five (6–10 years of age group), secondary - class six to class twelve (11–17 years of age group), and higher education - degree pass, degree honors, masters and various specialized degrees (18-22 and above).[1]. The secondary level of education is also divided into three categories: Junior School (class 6–8), secondary school (class 9–10), and higher secondary (class 11–12)[2]. The Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education Archived 2021-05-09 at the Wayback Machine administers, manages and controls the "Higher Secondary Education" under the surveillances of "Ministry of Education"[3][4][5] Class XI–XII is the range of "Higher Secondary Education" that roughly covers 16–17 years of age group youth in the context of Bangladesh. The Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) is a public examination credential in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. HSC is equivalent to GCE A Level in England and 3rd and 4th year of high schools in the United States[6].
More Reading: Higher Secondary School Education
Higher Secondary Certificate Examination
The Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education conducts the public examinations like: "Secondary School Certificate Exam (SSC)" and "Higher Secondary School Certificate Exam (HSC), and recognizes the private sector secondary and intermediate level educational institutions[7].
There are eleven (11) education Boards to conduct their tasks:
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dhaka.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Cumilla.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Jashore.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Chattogram.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Barishal.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Sylhet.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Dinajpur.
- Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Mymensingh.
- Bangladesh Madrassa Education Board.
- Bangladesh Technical Education Board.[8]
"The Ordinance of the Board" is controlled by the East Pakistan Intermediate and Secondary Education Ordinance, 1961 (East Pakistan Ordinance No. XXXIII of 1961) and its amendments No. XVI of 1962 and No. XVII of 1977. Under the East Pakistan Ordinance No. XXXIII of 1961, Dhaka Board is established in 1961[9]. In pursuance of the Presidential Proclamation on the 7th October, 1958, Rajshahi Board established in 1961 (East Pakistan Ordinance No. XXXIII of 1961)[10]. The Cumilla Board is established in 1962 in the pursuance of the amendments No. XVI of 1962[11]. Jashore Board is established in 1963 by the Government Order- 737. Then it was named as " Intermediate and Secondary Education Board, Khulna Division, Jashore" though it was renamed in 1965 as " Intermediate and Secondary Education Board, Jashore"[12]. The Technical Board was established on the 7th March, 1967 in pursuance of the Gazette no- 175[13]. The Madrassa Education Board is established under "The Madrasa Education Ordinance No. IX of 1978" in 1978[14]. The Chattogram Education Board is established in 15th May, 1995[15], Brishal Education Board is established in August 23, 1999[16], Sylhet Board is established in 1999[17], and Dinajpur Board is established in 22nd October, 2006[18]. The Government forms a new Education Board in Mymensingh in August, 2017; now the total education board becomes 11[19]
History
The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK) was the first step from the British government to spread practical needs education along with religious education. In 1824, the General Committee of Public Instruction was established and it proposed to include moral education in the India subcontinent. Then, the establishment of a Directorate of Public Instruction (DPI) was made at each province in 1854 by the proposal of the Woods Education Dispatch.
The Hunter Commission[20], the first education commission in India, suggested the introduction of "A" Course (Literature) and "B" Course (Technical Education) and guided to establish higher education through private entrepreneurship and the government colleges to remain under divisional management. The Sadler Commission in 1917 had the proposal to introduce two years of university education merged among the colleges as Higher Secondary Education. Then in 1944, the Sergent Plan proposed the secondary education for children aged between 11–17 years.
The Akram Khan Committee and The Ataur Rahman Khan Commission were established consecutively in 1947 and 1957 to revise the education system. As a result, the East Pakistan Secondary Education Board was established to conduct the examination of the secondary level institutions. This Board was split and 6 boards were established at each division in pursuance of the Ordinance – 1961[21]
After the independence of Bangladesh the Government directly controlled secondary and higher secondary education and nationalized a good number of schools and colleges. The office of the Director of Public Instruction (DPI) was updated to rename as the Directorate of Secondary and Higher Education (DSHE) Archived 2021-05-09 at the Wayback Machine in 1981[22][1][23]
Higher Secondary Education Outlook
| Number of Educational Institutions - 2021[24] | |||||
| English Medium School | School & College (Public) | College(Public) | Madrassa(Public) | Technical – Vocational (Public) | Attached Vocational and B.M(Public) |
| 137 | 1420 (63) | 3309 (625) | 9291 (3) | 2489 (309) | 5272 (369) |
| Number of Teachers - 2021 | |||||
| English Medium School (female) | School & College (female) | College(female) | Madrassa(female) | Technical- Vocational(female) | Attached Vocational and B.M(female) |
| 6453 (72.38) | 53235 (32.24) | 113286 (25.56 | 110901 (19.23) | 36745 (19.41) | 18197 (22.73) |
| Number of Students – 2021 | |||||
| English Medium School (female) | School & College (female) | College(female) | Madrassa(female) | Technical – Vocational (female) | Attached Vocational and B.M female) |
| 26596 (43.39) | 1583050 (52.27) | 4303265 (50.25) | 2657252 (54.28) | 762108 (24.68) | 402772 (31.77) |
| Higher Secondary Participation Scenario – 2021[23] | |||||
| Higher Secondary Level dropout rate | Diploma level dropout rate | Higher Secondary Level completion rate | Diploma level completion rate | Higher Secondary Level Gross enrollment | Diploma Level Gross enrollment |
| 21.14 | 7.82 | 78.86 | 92.18 | 48.79 | 2.49 |
Number of Students by Gender
| Institute | Total | Girl |
| College | 2514001 | 1310629 |
| Madrassa | 236728 | 118455 |
| Technical- Vocational | 502394 | 145501 |
| English Medium | 4925 | 2134 |
The Madrassa Teacher: Student Update - 2021
| Institute | Teacher (M) | Teacher (F) | Student (M) | Student (F) | TSR | SPI | TPI |
| 1090 | 19544 | 3456 | 525597 | 263617 | 27 | 482 | 18 |
Year Basis Girl’s participation in Institutions
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
| 47.24 | 46.97 | 46.96 | 48.85 | 48.42 |
Enrolment, Dropout, Completion Rate
| Level | Gross Enrolment Rate | Net Enrolment Rate | Dropout Rate | Completion Rate |
| HSC | 37.70 | 33.53 | 19.36 | 80.64 |
| FAZIL | 3.55 | 2.89 | 22.46 | 77.54 |
| B.M. | 7.53 | 7.16 | 44.84 | 55.16 |
Quality Indicator
| Indicator | College | Madrassa |
| Teacher: Student Ratio | 35.00 | 19.00 |
| Trained Teacher | - | 26.63 |
| Separate Toilet Facilities | 96.15 | 97.88 |
| Computer Facilities | 87.90 | 83.41 |
| Internet Connection | 91.14 | 75.49 |
| Electricity Connectivity | 99.96 | 98.44 |
| Clean Drinking Water | 96.51 | 98.38 |
| Multimedia Facility | 89.64 | 67.61 |
| Solar System | 40.11 | 51.35 |
Sustainable Development Goal- Indicator
4.3.1 (Participation Parity in formal and non-formal education)
| Girls | Boys | Both |
| 49.88 | 48.50 | 48.79 |
4.5.1 (Parity Indices)
| National | Rural | Urban |
| 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.03 |
4. a. (1) Infrastructural Facilities
| Electricity | 98.39 |
| Internet for pedagogical purpose | 52.21 |
| Computer for pedagogical purpose | 76.87 |
| Ramp | 18.76 |
| Clean drinking water facility | 97.48 |
| Sanitation facility | 96.62 |
| Handwashing facility | 88.08 |
4. c. (1) equitable quality education and lifelong learning
| Male | Female | Total |
| 58.05 | 73.43 | 61.93 |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "ইতিহাস – মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চশিক্ষা অধিদপ্তর-". www.dshe.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "বাংলাদেশে শিক্ষা – ড. শেখ আমজাদ হোসেন,মোঃ মুজিবুর রহমান". www.rokomari.com. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
- ↑ Rahaman, Md Mostafizur (2017-02-25). "Secondary education: A long way to go". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Bangladesh Education System". Scholaro Database. Retrieved 2022-08-29. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Bangladesh – Education | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ Begum, Monzil Ara; Yasmin, Farzana; Rahman, Saidur (2015). Formal and Non-Formal Education of Bangladesh India and Pakistan (1st ed.). Dhaka: Osder Publications. ISBN 978-9849043225. Search this book on
- ↑ "Education Board Bangladesh – Home". www.educationboard.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Education Board list in Bangladesh | bdquery.com". www.bdquery.com. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Dhaka Board". Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Education Board Bangladesh". www.educationboard.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Cumilla Board". Bangladesh Education Board. Retrieved 2022-08-29. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Jashore Board". Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "বাংলাদেশ কারিগরি শিক্ষা বোর্ড-গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ সরকার". www.bteb.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board". bmeb.ebmeb.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Chattogram Board". Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Barishal Board". Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Sylhet Board". Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Dinajpur Education Board". Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Mymensingh gets new education board". Mymensingh gets new education board | theindependentbd.com. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Hunter Commission – Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "Education Commission – Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ Maleque, Abdul; Begum, Mariam; Islam, Fakrul; Riad, Shahbaz (2015). Shikkha Bigyan o Bangladeshe Shikkha (Educational Science and Education in Bangladesh) (in Bengali) (5th ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: University Grants Commission (UGC). pp. 131–222. Search this book on [ISBN missing]
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 Rahman, Mofijur; Ahmed, Syed Giasuddin (2010). Dropout Rate in Secondary Level Education in Bangladesh: A Study of VAB Schools (1st ed.). Bangladesh: The University Press Limited (UPL). ISBN 978-9845060103. Search this book on
- ↑ "শিক্ষা-পরিসংখ্যান-২০২১-(অধ্যায়-১-৪)". www.banbeis.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
- ↑ "শিক্ষা-পরিসংখ্যান-২০২১-(অধ্যায়-৫--১২-এবং--পরিশিষ্ট)". www.banbeis.gov.bd. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
This article "Higher Secondary Education" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Higher Secondary Education. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
