IC 4516
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| IC 4516 | |
|---|---|
 IC 4516 taken by SDSS | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Boötes |
| Right ascension | 14h 54m 23.449s |
| Declination | +16d 21m 19.04s |
| Redshift | 0.045618 |
| Helio radial velocity | 13,574 km/s |
| Distance | 667 Mly (204.5 Mpc) |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.4 |
| Apparent magnitude (B) | 14.4 |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | cD, E |
| Apparent size (V) | 1' x 0.7' |
| Notable features | Radio galaxy |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 9587, CGCG 105-064, PGC 53274, 3C 306, MCG +03-038-049, PKS 1452+16, DA 371, S3 1452+16, NRAO 0457 | |
IC 4516 is a type E[1] elliptical galaxy located in Boötes. Its redshift is 0.045618[2] which corresponds to IC 4516 being located 667 million light-years from Earth.[3] The galaxy was discovered by Lewis Swift on June 2, 1898, which was his last discovery after spending half a century observing astronomical objects, starting with the observation of the Great Comet in 1843.[4]
Features
IC 4516 is classified as a radio galaxy,[5] specifically a Fanaroff-Riley type 2 (FR II).[6][7] It has an active nucleus and is the brightest member in the galaxy cluster, WHL J145423.5+162119.[8]
IC 4516 contains a strong radio source in its center called 3C 306.[9] The radio source is identified as being stronger than 25 mJy on the Green Bank 4.85 GHz sky maps. Based on its infrared-radio flux ratio as well as infrared spectral indices and radio morphologies, it is classified as a "starburst" or "monster".[10] Further results show that the rms scatter in logarithmic infrared-radio q is not more than σq = 0.16 for starburst galaxies which are selected at 4.85 GHz.[10]
Moreover, IC 4516 is one of the γ-ray-emitting radio galaxies detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi), indicating it contributes to EGB (diffuse unresolved extragalactic γ-ray background) which is written by Mauro et al.[11] and Hooper et al.[12] This suggests that IC 4516 is an AGN with a "mis-aligned" jet with the direction of ~>20°[13] towards Earth.[14] Its possible IC 4516 is a low-luminosity core-dominated radio galaxy that is expected to have a proportionally lower γ-ray luminosity to the point it can't be detected individually by Fermi, based on the relation of core radio and its luminosity.[13]
A further study conducted in 2020 in search of Centaurus A-like features, finds there is statistical evidence of flux variability on 6-month time scales for seven of the 26 radio galaxies, among them is IC 4516, which is calculated over the full energy range of 100 MeV ≤ E ≤ 300 GeV.[6] A variability index study was conducted via the method used by Nolan et al. 2012[15] which shows if the null hypothesis is correct, the variability index is distributed as χ2 with 19 degrees of freedom. This suggests evidence for a variability index at the ≥3σ level.[6]
From the variability indices that are distributed as X2 functions with Ndof degrees of freedom, and one of the variability indices is greater than the 99% confidence limit of 18.48 and 72.44 for the (Ndof = 7) and 2 month (Ndof = 47) light curves, IC 4516 is found to be variable thus suggesting blazar-like behavior.[16]
References
- ↑ "HyperLeda -object description". atlas.obs-hp.fr. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "IC 4516 - elliptical galaxy. Description IC 4516". kosmoved.ru. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "Index Catalog Objects: IC 4500 - 4549". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ Guthrie, B. N. G. (1978). "1978MNRAS.184..611G Page 611". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 184: 611. Bibcode:1978MNRAS.184..611G. doi:10.1093/mnras/184.3.611.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 B Rulten, Cameron; M Brown, Anthony; M Chadwick, Paula. "A search for Centaurus A-like features in the spectra of Fermi-LAT detected radio galaxies". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ Fanaroff, B. L.; Riley, J. M. (1974-05-01). "The morphology of extragalactic radio sources of high and low luminosity". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 167: 31P–36P. Bibcode:1974MNRAS.167P..31F. doi:10.1093/mnras/167.1.31P. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ↑ "NED Search Results for WHL J145423.5+162119". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ Bennett, A. S.; Smith, F. G. "The Preparation of the Revised 3C Catalogue of Radio Sources". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Condon, J. J.; Frayer, D. T.; Broderick, J. J. (1991-02-01). "UGC Galaxies Stronger than 25 mJy at 4.85 GHz". The Astronomical Journal. 101: 362. Bibcode:1991AJ....101..362C. doi:10.1086/115692. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ↑ Di Mauro, M.; Calore, F.; Donato, F.; Ajello, M.; Latronico, L. (2014-01-01). "Diffuse γ-Ray Emission from Misaligned Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 780 (2): 161. arXiv:1304.0908. Bibcode:2014ApJ...780..161D. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/161. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Hooper, Dan; Linden, Tim; Lopez, Alejandro (2016-08-01). "Radio galaxies dominate the high-energy diffuse gamma-ray background". Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. 2016 (8): 019. arXiv:1604.08505. Bibcode:2016JCAP...08..019H. doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2016/08/019. ISSN 1475-7516.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Stecker, Floyd W.; Shrader, Chris R.; Malkan, Matthew A. (July 2019). "The Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background from Core-dominated Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 879 (2): 68. arXiv:1903.06544. Bibcode:2019ApJ...879...68S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab23ee. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Inoue, Yoshiyuki (2011-05-01). "Contribution of Gamma-Ray-loud Radio Galaxies' Core Emissions to the Cosmic MeV and GeV Gamma-Ray Background Radiation". The Astrophysical Journal. 733 (1): 66. arXiv:1103.3946. Bibcode:2011ApJ...733...66I. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/733/1/66. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ↑ Nolan, P. L.; Abdo, A. A.; Ackermann, M.; Ajello, M.; Allafort, A.; Antolini, E.; Atwood, W. B.; Axelsson, M.; Baldini, L.; Ballet, J.; Barbiellini, G.; Bastieri, D.; Bechtol, K.; Belfiore, A.; Bellazzini, R. (2012-04-01). "Fermi Large Area Telescope Second Source Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 199 (2): 31. arXiv:1108.1435. Bibcode:2012ApJS..199...31N. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/199/2/31. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ↑ Ajello, M.; Angioni, R.; Axelsson, M.; Ballet, J.; et al. (2020). "The Fourth Catalog of Active Galactic Nuclei Detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope". The Astronomical Journal. 892 (2): 105. arXiv:1905.10771. Bibcode:2020ApJ...892..105A. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab791e.
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