Intact America
 | |
| Formation | 2008 |
|---|---|
| Type | 501(c)(3) Nonprofit organization |
| Purpose | Advocacy of a ban on non-medical nonconsensual circumcision of minors |
| Location | |
Region served | United States |
Founding Executive Director | Georganne Chapin |
| Website | intactamerica |
Intact America is a registered non-governmental Intactivist (pro-intact or anti-infant circumcision) organization. It was founded in 2008 to argue that circumcising non-consenting minors is unethical, medically unnecessary and should be abandoned.[1] It states that circumcision reduces sexual sensation in males and that forcibly removing erogenous tissue from children is unethical.[2] Intact America uses traditional media, social-networking, demonstrating, and other methods to encourage social change. The group has been mentioned in the Chicago Tribune,[3] New York Times,[4] MSNBC,[5] and Huffington Post.[6]
Genital Autonomy America (founded as NOCIRC in 1985) merged with Intact America on July 1, 2021.[7]
Participation in public policy debate on circumcision[edit]
Intact America[edit]
In June 2009, Intact America issued a public statement about the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) conference on HIV, urging the CDC "to study the risks and ethics before recommending neonatal male circumcision." Intact America stated that "The CDC is moving down a path towards an indefensible recommendation in favor of subjecting newborn baby boys to unnecessary and potentially risky surgery with no medical benefit."[8]
On October 19, 2009, Intact America published an open letter in the Washington Post addressed to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), urging it to inform parents about the ethical and health implications of circumcision.[9]
When the AAP released its new circumcision policy on August 27, 2012,[10] Intact America formally demanded that the AAP retract it because it was biased and did not protect the child's rights: "It appears that the AAP is acting more as a trade association for doctors who perform this unnecessary surgery more than 1 million times a year, instead of standing up for the human rights and bodily integrity of the only patient that counts—the baby boy."[11]
In May 2013, Intact America applied for a booth inside the exhibit hall of the annual convention of the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). When the ACOG denied this application because "male circumcision is … of only casual interest to members of ACOG." Intact America protested outside the convention.[12] Obstetricians perform the majority of the million circumcisions that take place each year in the U.S.[13]
In May 2015, Intact America supported a Florida mother who was forced by a court to sign an agreement to have her 4-year-old son circumcised at the demand of his father.[14] Intactivists including Intact America members protested outside the courthouse with banners such as "Keep Foreskin and State Separate", while group leader Georganne Chapin said that the state court had "utterly disregarded the rights and wellbeing of the child."[15]
NOCIRC / Genital Autonomy America[edit]
 Motto: "Making a safer world for children" | |
| Founded | 1985 as NOCIRC, in Corte Madera, California |
|---|---|
| Founder | Marilyn Milos [7] |
| Dissolved | Merged with Intact America in 2021 |
| Type | Educational nonprofit organization |
| Focus | Genital modification and mutilation |
| Location |
|
| Website | gaamerica.org |
Formerly called | National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers (NOCIRC) |
NOCIRC (the National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers), in 2016 renamed to Genital Autonomy America (GAA), was an educational nonprofit organization. It was headquartered in California, with centers in other US states and countries. Its goal was to secure "the birthright of male, female, and intersex children and babies to keep their sex organs intact."[16]
The organization was founded in 1985[16] by registered nurse Marilyn Milos.[7] The organization was the first national clearinghouse in the US for information about circumcision. In its first decade, NOCIRC grew into an international network and now has over 110 centers worldwide, including at least 17 outside of the US.[17] It is a member of the International Coalition for Genital Integrity (ICGI).[18]
NOCIRC opposed the non-therapeutic circumcision of children.[19] The organization suggested that circumcision be performed only when it is absolutely medically necessary and after alternative non-invasive therapies have failed, or when an adult gives consent, after he has been fully informed about the risks and harm of the procedure.[16] NOCIRC also provided material on their view of circumcision and care of the foreskin. NOCIRC stated that their position is based on the understanding that there is not a national or international health association in the world that recommends routine infant circumcision, yet declared that they hold the medical community accountable for "misconstruing the scientific database available on human circumcision in the world today".[19] In a 1996 press release, NOCIRC stated that "We expect this professional organization [the American Academy of Pediatrics] that is concerned with the health of infants and children to reveal the harm of genital cutting and to protect every child's birthright to keep his or her sex organs intact."[20] The American Academy of Pediatrics said in 1999 that the perceived benefits of circumcision are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision, but that it should be the decision of informed parents.[21]
NOCIRC published a number of brochures for parents, providing their recommendations about infant circumcisions, penile care and several related topics. NOCIRC also distributed an annual newsletter to its members. Most of the organization's material was directly available on their website. Since 1989, NOCIRC sponsored and organized international symposia on circumcision, human rights, and genital integrity.[citation needed] NOCIRC was renamed Genital Autonomy America in 2016, and merged with Intact America on July 1, 2021; founder Marilyn Milos joined Intact America's board.[7]
Leadership[edit]
Georganne Chapin is Intact America's executive director.[14] Intact America is maintained by donations from private donors. The organization is tax-exempt under section 501(c)(3) of the internal revenue code.[2]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Intact America Launches Campaign to Change How America Thinks About Male Circumcision". Reuters (republished press release). June 25, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2013. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Who We Are". Intact America. Archived from the original on 2018-10-10. Retrieved 2009-10-09. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Circumcision: Change in medical opinion possible". Chicago Tribune. August 27, 2009.
- ↑ "Circumcise or Don't? Quandary for Parents". New York Times. August 22, 2011.
- ↑ "Circumcision For All Boys?". NBC News. August 24, 2009.
- ↑ "First, Do No Harm". Huffington Post. October 4, 2012.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Advocating Children's Rights - Our History - Intact America". Intact America. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Intact America Urges CDC to Study Risks and Ethics Before Recommending Neonatal Male Circumcision". Intact America. August 24, 2009. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved October 9, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Intact America Urges Pediatricians to Say No to Infant Circumcision--The Baby, Not The Parent, Is Your Patient". Washington Post. October 19, 2009. Archived from the original on June 25, 2018. Retrieved October 20, 2009. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Technical Report: Male Circumcision". AAP. August 27, 2012.
- ↑ "Intact America's Response to the American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 Report on Circumcision". Intact America. August 27, 2012. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved August 28, 2012. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Intactivists Call on Obstetricians Meeting in New Orleans to Stop Cutting Baby Boys". Archived from the original on 2018-06-25. Retrieved 2013-05-27. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Stang, HJ; Snellman LW (1998). "Circumcision Practice Patterns in the United States". Pediatrics. 101 (8): e5. doi:10.1542/peds.101.6.e5. PMID 9606247.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 Sarah Kaplan (May 26, 2015). "'Intactivism': Why a Florida mother took her son into hiding to avoid circumcision". Washington Post. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
- ↑ "Mom appears in court in fight over son's circumcision". Associated Press. May 18, 2015. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 "About NOCIRC". Retrieved 2006-07-14.
- ↑ "NOCIRC Centers". Archived from the original on 2007-06-27. Retrieved 2006-07-14. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "International Coalition for Genital Integrity". Retrieved 2006-07-14.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Declaration of the First International Symposium on Circumcision". NOCIRC. 1989-03-03. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
- ↑ "AAP's new task force on circumcision to receive information from NOCIRC". NOCIRC. 1996-09-27. Retrieved 2006-07-14.
- ↑ American Academy of Pediatrics (March 1999). "Circumcision Policy Statement". Pediatrics. 103 (3): 686–693. doi:10.1542/peds.103.3.686. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 10049981.
External links[edit]
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