IoT device management
IoT device management is an industry term for the administration and monitoring of Internet of things devices, such as sensors, microcontrollers or gateways.
It is enabled by such means as software applications, usually referred to as IoT platforms, which can be deployed both in the cloud or on an on-site server. IoT device management is used for data collection from devices and other IoT applications; data analysis; remote interaction with connected devices.[1]
Device lifecycle[edit]
IoT device management refers to the fundamental stages of the device’s lifecycle – device provisioning, configuration, maintenance, diagnostics and decommissioning.[2]
Provisioning[edit]
During early stages of IoT projects, devices need to establish a connection with the server (usually an IoT platform). To be enrolled into the system, a device needs to present the credentials to the server and pass the authentication process. Traditional ways of such device authentication involve the use of public key certificates or pre-shared keys.
Configuration[edit]
After successful device onboarding, the users can make use of various configuration settings enabled by IoT device management platforms. This phase includes grouping devices and adjusting their behaviour to the requirements of a given project.
Diagnostics[edit]
When the connection between devices and the server is established and devices are configured, the platform collects the data from devices for analysis. With the use of advanced IoT device management software, the users can monitor network statistics and connected devices in real time, detect security breaches and perform predictive maintenance.
Maintenance[edit]
Maintenance of devices is accomplished by performing various tasks on devices, such as issuing a firmware upgrade. Remote firmware upgrades are enabled by over-the-air programming mechanisms, where one update is wirelessly distributed to all assets (or a selected group of assets). The users can also schedule various device operations, such as reading sensor values; check device status; or take control over a given device to execute tasks (e.g. remotely turning off lights)
Decommissioning[edit]
After the device breaks, runs out of battery or after the completion of the project, the IoT device management software allows users to safely delete a device and erase any sensitive data, such as stored passwords or certificates.
Lightweight M2M[edit]
Lightweight M2M (often referred to as LwM2M[3]) is a device management standard launched by OMA SpecWorks in 2014. The current 1.1 version of the specification introduces the whole technology stack covering security layer (DTLS/TLS), transport layer (UDP/TCP/SMS/NIDD) as well as application layer (CoAP) that together enable device management and telemetry.
Challenges[edit]
IoT device management also addresses various challenges in IoT deployments, such as security, interoperability and scalability.[4]
Security[edit]
Security in IoT device management is ensured by the use of cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security for devices, internal system components as well as stored data. The protocols such as transport layer security (TLS) or Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) find widespread use in IoT deployments thanks to their diverse methods for exchanging keys, encrypting data, and authenticating message integrity, which effectively prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery.[5]
Interoperability[edit]
Interoperability guarantees that all devices and system components that exist or will exist in the future can function together in full compliance and without any restrictions. This includes applying the same norms, standards and procedures in every IoT deployment. Lack of interoperability in IoT device management results in problems with ensuring basic device operations such as remote upgrades or fixing security issues. Interoperability is achieved by the adoption of standards with a well-defined data model that can cater to the needs of IoT projects from any industry.[6]
Scalability[edit]
The architecture of the IoT device management platform should be capable of managing devices in great numbers. Thanks to flexible grouping mechanisms, an efficient IoT device management platform lets users create custom groups or hierarchies of devices to enable control of millions of devices and perform actions in a structured manner on a massive scale. A scalable architecture also provides different levels of access for different organizational units to enable role-based access control capabilities and multitenancy.[7]
References[edit]
- ↑ Chang, Chii (11 January 2019). Internet of Things (IoT) and New Computing Paradigms. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Search this book on
- ↑ "IoT device management: definition and fundamentals". www.avsystem.com. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
- ↑ "LwM2M — Lightweight M2M Standard — Protocol and its Benefits". www.avsystem.com. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ↑ McClelland, Calum (March 28, 2019). "IoT Device Management: What Is It and Why Do You Need It?". IoT For All. Retrieved 13 November 2020 – via Medium.
- ↑ Sharifi Meh, Nima (20 August 2019). "Ten security golden rules for IoT solutions". The Internet of Things on AWS – Official Blog. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ↑ "IoT Standardization and Implementation Challenges". IEEE. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
- ↑ "IoT device management platform suppliers should do more to communicate their differentiators". www.analysysmason.com. Retrieved 13 November 2020.
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