Irish mythology in popular culture

Elements of Irish mythology often appear in popular culture. Sometimes similar themes are utilized in new narratives; other times the only similarity is the use of a name from Irish mythology, applied to a completely different character and story.

Deities and supernatural characters[edit]

Badb[edit]

Badb, along with Nemain, and Macha, appear as the Morrigan in Christopher Moore's book A Dirty Job.
Badb, Morrigan, Macha and Nemain are mentioned by Conan in Robert E. Howard's 1932 Conan story The Phoenix on the Sword.
Badb, The Morrigan, and Macha are characters in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel.
She features in N. D. Wilson's Empire of Bones (2013).

Balor[edit]

In 1995 a video game titled Balor of the Evil Eye, featuring Balor as the central menace, was released for PC by Koei.^[1]
In Dungeons & Dragons, Balors are a kind of demon which serve as generals in fiendish armies.
In the movie Hellboy: The Golden Army, the elven king is named Balor.
In WWE, professional wrestler Fergal Devitt is known as Finn Balor.
In a crossover comic between Batman and Wonder Woman, Balor is featured as an antagonist.
Balor, sometimes misspelled as Valar, appear as minor enemies in Final Fantasy III and Final Fantasy XIV.
In the 2003 Game Boy Advance game Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow, an interpretation of Balor (spelled "Balore" in game) is fought as a boss.
Balor appears in the Assassin's Creed Valhalla DLC Wrath of the Druids as an optional boss.
BaLore Media is a UK-based podcast production company, founded in 2018, which has produced well-known podcasts such as Deep Roots and the StrongMan Broadcast.
The Celtworld amusement park in Tramore, Ireland, featured an animatronic version of Balor.
Featured as a villain in the short story by Samantha Stillman at the end of her book The Death Witch.^[2]
Balor appears in the second The Lost Years of Merlin novel, as a giant guarding the gate to the Otherworld.

Banshee[edit]

Banshee behaviour in American popular culture[edit]

"Banshee" (in Gaelic bean sidhe) originally meant "woman of the fairies". The banshees in old Irish folklore were often presented as grieving women who were keening (weeping/mourning) for the dead. This appears in the Darby O'Gill and the Little People DVD extra I Captured the King of the Leprechauns (originally a Walt Disney Presents or Wonderful World of Disney episode, telling viewers about the making of, and some of the folklore which inspired parts of, the movie Darby O'Gill and the Little People), in which the banshee is "keening for the young O'Brien" and is in no way a pernicious or threatening character, but merely seen as a dark or sad omen because she appears before people die^{[citation needed]}. She does not cause deaths, she mourns for the dead (or, eerily, the soon-to-be-dead). The banshee in American popular culture (possibly starting with Darby O'Gill and the Little People, in which some characteristics of later American pop culture banshee behaviour can be seen) is typically a threatening and/or menacing figure who causes death and/or destruction (thereby taking on characteristics belonging traditionally more to the Morrigan than to the banshees).^{[citation needed]}

Animation[edit]

The 1959 Disney movie Darby O'Gill and the Little People contains a scene where the title character encounters a pernicious banshee.
The 1981 Rankin/Bass Christmas special The Leprechaun's Christmas Gold features a banshee as the antagonist. She is known by her tears, which she sheds even when disguised as a young woman to fool the protagonist.
The Real Ghostbusters episode "Banshee Bake a Cherry Pie?" depicts a banshee masquerading as an Irish pop singer and aiming to use its voice to take over the world.
The 1990s animated television series Gargoyles episode "The Hound of Ulster" is about Irish folklore and features a banshee as the main antagonist. The Irish-ethnicity characters for that particular episode, set in modern Ireland turn out to be characters from old Irish folklore, reborn in the present time. The episode's main character, Rory Dugan, who turns out to be Cú Chulainn, has a childhood friend Molly who turns out to be the Banshee (voiced by Sheena Easton). In a later episode, the Banshee is dragged back to Avalon by the Weird Sisters, where Oberon removes her voice as punishment for ignoring his summons.
In the episode "What Scared Sue Ellen?" of the PBS series Arthur, Sue Ellen hears a mysterious eerie howling cry in the woods and recalls the folklore of the banshee.
The 1999 animated television series Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends premise was that aliens had been living among humans for ages, and were the origins of many of the creatures humans know from myth, folklore and legends, including a clan of banshees as the main antagonist.
A banshee is mentioned two times in episodes of SpongeBob SquarePants.
- In the episode "Grandpappy The Pirate", Grandpa Redbeard mistakes Pearl for a Banshee.
- In the episode "Not Normal", SpongeBob disturbs Squidward from his mid-morning nap by running up and down and laughing around his house. When Squidward confronts him he replies, "By running around and screaming like a Banshee", and SpongeBob replies, "No, Squidward, a banshee screams like this...", and gives a death-defying scream before Squidward cuts him off.
A gigantic earth digger named the "Screaming Banshee" appears at the end of the 2007 Pixar animated short film, "Mater and the Ghost Light."
A Banshee named Scarah Screams appears in Monster High voiced by Erin Fitzgerald and Paula Rhodes.
The ghost-type Pokémon Mismagius is based on the concept of witches and mages, and its coloration is similar to the Nasu-babã. However, it also shares similarities with banshees.
A Banshee appears in Be Cool, Scooby-Doo! in the episode "Giant Problems"
In the TV movie Scooby-Doo! Abracadabra-Doo, a banshee is one of the main villains the gang, along with Velma's sister, must face. It appears in a scene where they must travel to an island and gain a staff of a magical person but are stopped by the banshee which turns out to be a beautiful female creature but turns into a skull-like beast which chases them to the boat and disappears. It appears again to Shaggy and Scooby but is believed to be a projection.
In the TV animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, there are multiple references of the Banshee:
- A non-sentient race called the Banshees were first introduced as airborne predators on the plant of Umbara.
- A Lancer-class pursuit craft that was introduced from the series called Banshee that Asajj Ventures, who became in possession of the craft during the last year of the Clone Wars, used in both this animated series and the canon novel Star Wars: The Dark Disciple. But it was later destroyed 19 BBY, during the second Battle of Christophsis.
In the TV animated series Star Wars Rebels, a revamped Banshee Lancer-class pursuit craft was introduced in "Blood Sisters" as the Shadow Caster.

Video games[edit]

The Halo video game series incorporates an airborne vehicle called "Banshee" named for its engine's screaming noise.
The Banshee features as an enemy in the 2011 game Dark Souls.
In the Grand Theft Auto series, Banshee is the name of a sports car loosely based on the Dodge Viper.
The 2012 video game Mass Effect 3, "Banshees" are Asari, mainly Ardat-Yakshi, Husks with wails and sharp claws that are used as shock troops by the Reapers late in-game.
Banshees appear in the MMORPG RuneScape, as a monster attributed to the Slayer skill.
In the Mortal Kombat franchise of games, the character Sindel shares many similarities with banshees, including her loud, wailing voice and long, flowing hair.
In the video game series Fable, a banshee is an enemy encountered occasionally in the swampy areas of the game and arenas.
In Warcraft 3, banshees are a producible unit of Undead faction. They have the ability to possess units and gain their control. Furthermore in World of Warcraft, Sylvanas Windrunner is an undead Banshee, transformed by the Lich King. She is the former leader of the Forsaken race, and has been the Warchief of the Horde faction.
The Puyo Puyo game series by Compile (later owned by Sega) features a trio of banshees named Merigu, Shosu and Emi, collectively known as The Banshee Trio.
In the video game Phasmophobia (video game), the Banshee is a ghost which can be encountered.
In the video game Warframe, Banshee and its prime version, Banshee Prime, are two of the playable Warframes. Reminiscent of the Irish mythic creature, her abilities are themed around sound and its manipulation.
In the Destiny 2 post-release DLC Beyond Light, the eccentric Golden Age-era scientist and businessman Clovis Bray I - founder of the corporation of the same name - adopted the nickname "Banshee" after being uploaded into a robotic "Exo" body, and in his 44th iteration, wiped all of his memories as "Clovis" and is known to Guardians as the Tower's gunsmith, Banshee-44.
In the video game God of War: Chains of Olympus, the Banshee is a hybrid of both the Gorgon and Siren. Taking up the appearance of the Gorgon but having the abilities of the Siren. They took the role of Gorgon and Siren for the first part of the game.
In the video game Assassin's Creed Valhalla, there is a world event called "The Banshee" which is a virtual representation of Eivor Varinsdottir that was relived by Layla Hassan through the Protable Aminus HR-8.5. In the world event, the wind will be howling as if a Banshee is heard through the whole event. Players start the event by find a grieving man that is talking to himself. The man will say that his wife is scratching in the wall and soon after, the wife will break free. Once the player kills the murderer, the howling wind will cease and return to normal.
In the video game Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare, there is a weapon called a "Banshee." It is a pump-action sonic energy shotgun. Players can unlock this weapon in multiplayer by reaching level 11. The shotgun also can come in one of eight forms which are: Rocksteady, Slither, Expose, Icuras, Contact, Blaze, Doppler, and Siren. This weapon can be bought off a wall buy during Zombies for 1250 points at Zombies n Spaceland sign, behind a window, while being held by astronaut doll; and will become customizable at level 6.
In the video game Borderlands 2, there is a mod for Siren class called "Banshee" that can come different variants: Those variants are prefixes and are: Unyielding, Breakneck, or Scorched. The mod can give up to +51% Shield Recharge Rate, -46% Shield Recharge Delay, -29738 Max Health, and +6 for three perks; Immobilize, Fleet, and Backdraft.
In Borderlands 3, there is a respawnable mini-boss called Blind Banshee. Though the name is the reference to mythical beast, it is more of a reference, by appearance, of a Manticore.
In the Final Fantasy series, a Banshee can be encountered as an enemy in the following games: Final Fantasy XI, Final Fantasy XII, Final Fantasy XIV, Final Fantasy Tactics A2: Grimoire of the Rift, and Crystal Defenders.
In the Dragon's Dogma: Dark Arisen, there is an undead enemy that is called a Banshee that instead of screaming to indicate a death near by, it does a paralysis shriek that knocks down all characters within the shriek's range, which in return allows other enemies to gang up.
In the Resident Evil: Revelations 2, there is a submachine gun called "Banshee" that was a prize in two online Raid events; Weekend Survivor No. 11 and Weekend Survivor No. 29. This weapon is same skin as the in-game firearm, MP-AB50.
In the video game Mario Kart 64, a course in the Special Cup is titled Banshee Boardwalk. This course reappears in Mario Kart DS.
The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt features "beann'shies", spectres whose screams can stun the player and summon skeleton minions. They are described in game lore as being bad omens but not directly hostile, though they will attack the player if approached.

Comics[edit]

"Banshee" (whose first appearance was in 1967) was the code name of an Irish superhero and member of the X-Men with superhuman sonic abilities. The codename is carried on by his daughter, formerly known by her superheroic codename of Siryn, who possesses similar superhuman abilities.
In Concerto in O Minor for Harp and Nitroglycerin (Corto Maltese story by Hugo Pratt, first published in 1972 and present in the volume Celtic Tales), the Irish revolutionary Moira O’Danann is said to be a Banshee.
The Silver Banshee (whose first appearance was in 1987) is a character in Superman comics and other media.
In Mobile Suit Gundam Unicorn (since 2007), the RX-0 Unicorn Gundam 02 Banshee is designed based on the Irish banshee, hence the name.
A character named Barnstorming Banshee appears in a history of Scooby-Doo! (DC Comics), and another named Radio Banshee appears in "Screechy Keen" as the disguise of Angus McLeery.

TV series[edit]

In the TV series Xena Warrior Princess episode "Gabrielle's Hope", three banshees provided the most conclusive evidence (other than baby Hope's own actions) that Gabrielle's newborn daughter was the evil spawn of Dahak.
In the American television series Charmed, the banshee are a rare breed of demons with distinctive white hair and a high-pitched scream – audible only to dogs and their intended victim – that can burst glass and blood vessels, killing a mortal, or turn a witch predisposed to emotional pain into a banshee. A banshee appears in the episode "Look Who's Barking" in season 3 of Charmed.
In the Charmed (2018 TV series), a banshee is a type of ghost that died in pain, and spread sorrow and misery in death. Banshees are led by an Empress. In "Kappa Spirit", Mel and Maggie Vera mistook a ghost named Brenda Mancini to be a banshee, and tried to find a spell to vanquish her. Though there was a spell to get rid of banshees, they later found out she was a revenant. In "Deconstructing Harry", Harry Greenwood's Darklighter was shown to have captured and imprisoned the Banshee Empress along with other magical creatures. The creatures were later freed by Mel Vera. When the Charmed Ones infiltrated a gala event in order to rescue Harry from the Faction in "Search Party", a banshee and a demon were shown to have been captured by the Faction as well. After Macy Vaughn accidentally began the power transferal process, the banshee and demon are killed with their powers being transferred.
In Teen Wolf episode 3x09 "The Girl Who Knew Too Much", it is revealed that Lydia Martin is a banshee. She screams when anyone in the town is murdered, but normally by a supernatural cause. She uses her powers to sense leads on murders. Meredith, a resident of an insane asylum, is also a banshee and her powers seem to work best through using phones. Voices that are not real talk to her and indirectly give clues on how to solve murders or find bodies.
In the Supernatural season 11 episode "Into the Mystic", a Banshee is the main enemy. In 1985 the Banshee had targeted an Irish family, killing the father and deafening the baby daughter before the mother sacrificed herself to banish it and save her daughter. Thirty years later in the present, the baby, Eileen has grown up and is hunting the Banshee for revenge. With the help of protagonists Sam and Dean Winchester as well as retirement home resident Mildred Baker, Eileen is able to trap and kill the Banshee with a gold knife and avenge her parents' deaths.
In the Chilling Adventures of Sabrina Part 3 episode "The Judas Kiss", a Banshee visits the Spellman family.
In Legacies season 3 episode 10, a Banshee is captured and reveals that Malivore has tasked her with bringing him Cleo. She also reveals that if Cleo continues to stay at the school, Landon will die.
"Banshee (short story)" is a short story by Ray Bradbury that was adapted into an episode of The Ray Bradbury Theater.

Other[edit]

A boggart takes the form of a banshee to scare Seamus Finnegan in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.^[3]
The 2011 horror movie Scream of the Banshee is about an archaeology professor who unearths a dangerous artefact, unwittingly releasing a monstrous banshee that kills with the power of its bone-splitting scream.
Siouxsie and The Banshees was a British alternative rock band.
"Banshee" is the name of the world's longest inverted roller coaster located at King's Island amusement park located in Mason, Ohio.
English singer-songwriter Kate Bush mentions the Banshee in the song "Violin" on her album Never for Ever.
The Irish entry in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2019 is called “Banshee” by Anna Kearney.
Soul Screamers (2009-2013) is a YA book series by Rachel Vincent about a bean sidhe (or banshee).
In the film of Avatar, there is a large, dragon-like aerial predator called a Mountain Banshee (real name is ikran) that makes multiple appearances in the film. There is also a bird-like aerial creature called a Forest Banshee that makes some appearances as well in the Avatar universe, but first appeared in James Cameron's Avatar: An Activist Survival Guide.
- While taming the Mountain Banshee, the Na'vi have to use a bow called a Banshee Bow.

Crom Cruach[edit]

Placenames

There is a mountain named Mount Cenn Cruaich in Australia's Warrumbungle National Park.
The Irish market town of Macroom is a corruption of the place-name 'Meeting place of followers of the god Crom.

Novels

Kenneth C. Flint wrote a novel called Cromm about modern human sacrifice in Cavan, published by Doubleday in 1990.
In Laurell K. Hamilton's Merry Gentry series, the character of Rhys is revealed to have once been Crom Cruach.
In the light novel High School DxD, Crom Cruach is featured as an antagonist-protagonist.
The radio program Hall of Fantasy had an episode named "The Idol of Cromm Cruac", about a hidden Crom Cruac cult in the 20th century United States. The program identified the god as "Keltic" but not specifically as Irish.
Conan the Cimmerian's patron deity is named Crom, though whether this reference is derived from the Gaelic deity is uncertain.
Michael Moorcock wrote a second trilogy of novels, Bull and the Spear, Oak and the Ram and Sword and the Stallion about Prince Corum where he travels to a Celtic themed realm, of his world's far future, where Corum has become Cremm Croich (Cremm/Corum of the Silver Hand), The Lord of the Mound.
In the fantasy novel The Hunter's Moon by O.R. Melling Crom Cruac, the Great Worm, is the main peril which the main characters must face and defeat.
In Pleasure of a Dark Prince by Kresley Cole, Crom Cruach is the main antagonist, with the ability to infect beings with a mad need to sacrifice whoever they love most.
Crom Cruach is a toraborm, a monstrous worm-like creature, that demands annual child sacrifice at Samhain in The Isles of Winter,^[4] the second volume of Philip Armstrong's epic series The Chronicles of Tupiluliuma.
In House of the Dead^[5] by Michael Scott, Crom is imprisoned under Newgrange, a prison that is magically renewed when the light of the solstice reaches the central chamber each year.
In Peadar O'Guilin's The Call,^[6] Crom appears as King of the Sídhe and interacts directly with human teenagers.

Poetry

John Montague wrote a poem "The Plain of Blood", about Crom.
Thomas D'Arcy McGee's 19th-century poem "The Celts" mentions Crom.
Nuala Ní Dhomhnaill's poem "The Mermaid Smooring the Fire" mentions Crom.

Comics

Crom Cruach appears as a monstrous "time worm" feeding on human misery in Pat Mills' fantasy series Sláine.

Television

In the Robin of Sherwood episode "Cromm Cruac", the name applies to a phantom village created by Gulnar. The village appears periodically and is populated by evil spirits due to its residents having practised human sacrifice (of their children) in the past.
The Gargoyles TV series episode "The Hound of Ulster" has the Banshee taking the form of a gigantic worm-like creature by the name of Cromm-Cruach to do battle with Goliath, Elisa Maza, Goliath's daughter Angela and their gargoyle beast Bronx.

Film

Crom Cruach appears as a dragonfish-like serpent in the film The Secret of Kells, possessing only one eye, as the second was taken by the monk Collum-Cille to be used as a lens for illuminating.

Games

In the Nexon game Mabinogi, the boss for the 3rd generation storyline is Cromm Cruaich, re-imagined as a dragon. In the prequel Vindictus, Cromm Cruaich makes another appearance this time as the final boss of the game's second season, this time represented as a Humanoid Demon God.

The Dagda[edit]

In The Lost Years of Merlin and its sequel series, Dagda is a recurring character, portrayed as a wise old spirit who often helps Merlin. He is opposed to Rhita Gawr, who in these books is an evil spirit.
Dagda is mentioned in Everworld, though he was killed by the god-eating monster Ka Anor before the story takes place.

Fand[edit]

A mons on Venus, Fand Mons, has been named in Fand's honour.
In 1916 the English composer Sir Arnold Bax completed an orchestral tone poem, The Garden of Fand, based on the story of Fand and Cúchulainn.
The British progressive rock band The Enid included an 18-minute piece titled "Fand" on their 1977 album Aerie Faerie Nonsense.
In the comic crime novel The Moving Toyshop, by Edmund Crispin, a poet returning to Oxford says to himself that "Fand still beckoned to him from the white combs of the ocean."

Fomoiri[edit]

Games

Within the video game Castlevania: Order of Ecclesia, there are enemies known as "Formors", though their appearance evokes classical depictions of demons.
The MMORPG Final Fantasy XI has undead enemies known as "Formors" that look like the game's playable races but are engulfed in shadow with glowing eyes.
Fomorians are detailed in the Monster Manual for the 4th edition of Dungeons & Dragons, where they are the fey perversions of the titans and the rulers of the Feydark, the Feywild's Underdark.
Two creatures in the trading card game Magic: The Gathering are of a race of giants called the Fomori. These appear as goat-horned anthropomorphs of tremendous size. So far, only Ruhan of the Fomori^[7] and the Fomori Nomad^[8] have been seen.
Within the MMORPGs Mabinogi and Vindictus, which contain several other references to Irish and general Celtic mythology, the various antagonist races are collectively known as the "Fomors".
Fomorians appear as enemies in the video game Nethergate (1999).
In the role-playing game Shadowrun, these are presented as a specifically Irish variation of the more common Troll race.
In the original World of Darkness game, Werewolf: The Apocalypse, Fomori are a type of corrupted human, servants of the Wyrm. Also, in the game Changeling: The Dreaming they are an ancient and cruel race of fae.
Fomorians appear as antagonists in King Arthur: The Role-Playing Wargame and its sequel.
In Warframe, occasional events include giant enemy warships called Balor Fomorians, named after both Fomorians and their last king, Balor. The Balor Fomorian attacks through concentrated laser-attacks from a single opening, referencing how Balor supposedly kills with his one eye.
In the 4X video game Endless Legend, the Tempest expansion introduced the NPC minor faction Fomorians, an ancient robotic race that inhabits the Sea Fortresses located in the ocean region of the world map.
The saints in Fire Emblem: Three Houses are named after prominent Formorians (among other references to Irish mythology). Cichol, Cethleann, and Indech are the names of saints whom the Church of Seiros honors.
In the RPG Powers & Perils by Avalon Hill, the Fomorian Empire is a powerful naval empire that spawns the globe. It consists of ten independent but allied kingdoms. The kingdom of Fomoria is the original homeland and is a synonymous with the island Atlantis having never sunk into the sea.
In Warhammer Fantasy Battle and other properties using the same setting, a race call the "Fimir" draw heavy inspiration from the Fomoiri and Balor in their name, their cyclopean appearance, their characterization as a monstrous species of malevolent raiders, and by a signature spell allowing their magic-users fire deadly energy from their eye.

Literature

In "Even Hand", a short story in Jim Butcher's The Dresden Files, Baron of Chicago John Marcone deals with a Fomor named Mag. Following the events in the short story Aftermath, they appear more often in the series as antagonists, culminating in the novel Battle Ground, when the Fomor, led by King Corb and Ethniu, launch an all-out invasion of Chicago.
In her science fiction book Elphame's Choice, P.C. Cast describes the Fomorians and Cú Chulainn.
Mark Chadbourn's fantasy series The Age of Misrule shows a contemporary world where the Fomor return to attempt to conquer both the Earth and the Otherworld of the Tuatha De Danann. They are presented as being malformed and grotesque Lovecraftian creatures.
In Chapter 19 of James Rollins' sixth Sigma Force novel, The Doomsday Key (2009), Father Rye and historian Wallace Boyd tell the group seeking the Doomsday Key that Bardsey Island was home to Fomorian royalty and that Merlin was a famous Druid priest, buried on sacred Bardsey Island with other prominent Druids.
Bec's clan encounters Fomoiri attacks in Darren Shan's book Bec.
A race known as the Fomorians appears as antagonists and a destructive, supernatural force in P.C. Cast's Divine by Mistake,^[9] which takes place in Partholon, a version of mythical ancient Ireland.
The "Fomorian giants" appear in Everworld, though they are portrayed as dim-witted and not malicious.

Lugh[edit]

Kenneth C. Flint retells this story in his Sidhe series.
Joan Denise Moriarty composed a ballet entitled Lugh of the Golden Arm in 1977.
Birth father of Max McDaniels in The Tapestry series by Henry H. Neff.
In the 2004 console game The Bard's Tale, Lugh is one of the three guardians.
In Diane Duane's A Wizard Abroad and later books, Lugh is considered one of the Powers That Be, also known as the One's Champion, and is incarnated within an Irish Wizard (after spending some time as a macaw named Machu Picchu with a penchant for prophecy).
In the Nexon MMORPG Mabinogi, Lugh is the name of one of the two "true Paladins" (the other being you, if you choose to play as a human), and he is also the Dark Lord Morgant, one of the highest-in-command in the Fomor Army led by Cichol, another antagonist. In the prequel Vindictus, Lugh makes another appearance this time as the final boss of the game's third season, this time represented as a Warrior of Light.
In the role-playing video game Devil Survivor 2, the character Io Nitta has to use the essence of Lugh to activate a powerful entity called the Dragon Stream. He can later be fused in the Cathedral of Shadows.
Lugh is mentioned frequently in the 1990s Saban TV series Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog, although only in the sense that he is a divinity who some characters worship.
In the game Fire Emblem: Binding Blade, an attainable character is named Lugh, along with his twin brother, whose name is sometimes translated as Lleu.
In the game Fire Emblem: Three Houses, an attainable character's ancestor from which they received their crest is named Loog, which is pronounced as “Lugh”.
In the TV series American Gods episode "Treasure of the Sun", Ibis, saying that "stories are truer than the truth," suggests that the character Mad Sweeney the modern leprechaun is also Lugh, the Irish multi-skilled god of lightning, crafts and culture. However, Sweeney remembers his past as Buile Shuibhne, and denies that he is Lugh.^[10]
In the anime The World's Finest Assassin Gets Reincarnated in Another World as an Aristocrat, and the light novel it is based on, the main character is (after his reincarnation) named Lugh Tuatha Dé, son of Cian and Esri (a plausible round-trip transliteration of "Ethliu" through Japanese).

Manannán mac Lir[edit]

The tradition of offering bundles of reeds on the Isle of Man is still practised as an opening ceremony of Tynwald.
There is a museum in the town of Peel on the Isle of Man named the House of Manannan^[11] as well as an annual celebration of the arts The Manannan Festival.
The Isle of Man Steam Packet Company vessel, which entered service in May 2009 on the Liverpool/Douglas sailings, is named Manannan.^[12]
Okells Brewery on the Isle of Man produces a wheat beer dedicated to and named after Manannan Mac Lir.^[13]
The figure is also referred to in songs by metal bands. The closing track on Gaelic doom band Mael Mórdha's album Gealtacht Mael Mordha is called "Minions of Manannan", telling of his revenge on the fleeing Vikings from the battle of Cluain Tarb. Track 4 on black metal band Absu's album Tara is called "Mannanan".
Manannan features as the last guardian boss in the 2004 console game The Bard's Tale.
In Laurell K. Hamilton's Merry Gentry series, the character of Barinthus used to be the sea god Manannán mac Lir before fairie began to lose its power and he was reduced to a shadow of his former self.
Texas Experimental black metal band Absu has a song called "Manannán" on their 2001 album, Tara.
The Tides of Manaunaun, composed in 1917, is a famous contemporary short piano piece written by American composer Henry Cowell.
Mánannán mac Lir was included in TSR, Inc.'s Deities and Demigods book as a god player characters can worship.
In the game King's Quest III: To Heir Is Human, Manannan is the name of the wicked wizard.
The character appears in Song of the Sea as the son of Macha, and is referred to simply as Mac Lir. In the story, he is a great giant who was accompanied by two dogs, but a tragedy befell him that caused him to cry an ocean. Unable to bear her son's sorrow, Macha took away her son's feelings, causing him to turn to stone and become an island. In the climax of the film his spirit is set free by the song of the selkie, and he joins the other Faerie creatures in departing across the sea.
A Statue of Manannán stands upon Binevenagh Mountain, County Londonderry.
Manannán is a character who appears in The Iron Druid Chronicles, written by Kevin Hearne.
Manannán is a servant in the game Fate/Grand Order

The Morrígan[edit]

Patricia Brigg's "Mercy Thompson" series features a character named Dr. Stacy Altman who is actually the Morrigan disguised as a blind human university professor. In reality, she is one of the powerful rulers of the Fae (Grey Lords) in that world's univerise.
Irish composer and Aosdána member Fergus Johnston has a piece called 'Morrigan' written for baroque flute, harpsichord, and electronics in 2001.
One of the gods in The Wicked + The Divine, a comic series by Kieron Gillen and Jamie McKelvie, is The Morrigan
The Hounds of the Morrigan by Pat O'Shea
The Weirdstone of Brisingamen and The Moon of Gomrath by Alan Garner, in which the Morrígan appears as the leader of the Morthbrood.
A Dirty Job by Christopher Moore. The Morrigan, in her triple form, plays a major role in this macabre comic novel. They also appear in the sequel, Secondhand Souls.
Black Aria, a classical album by Glenn Danzig, features a song titled "The Morrigu".
The Morrigan features briefly amongst other deities in Neil Gaiman's novel American Gods as three women comprising one collective goddess of war. Only Macha is named directly.
Celtic metal band Primordial have a song called "Sons of the Morrigan".
In the video game series Darkstalkers, a character who is fused to a succubus named Morrigan is playable.
In the video game Mabinogi, Morrigan (though spelt Morrighan) appears as a goddess who turned into stone. She also has an important role in the hack and slash prequel, Vindictus.
The Morrigan is featured in "Split the Atom", an episode of the BBC radio series Weird Tales.
The Morrigan is a character who appears in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel series by Michael Scott.
The Morrigan is the leader of the Dark Fae in the TV show Lost Girl, though the name is a title passed down between leaders and not the character's actual name.
The Morrigan, depicted as three sisters, appear in Sanctuary, as part of Fata Morgana.
The pagan folk band Omnia has a song called "Morrigan, Crone of War".
The Morrigan (without the definite article) appeared as a Goa'uld System Lord in Stargate SG-1 episode "Summit", season 5, and was mentioned several times thereafter.
Morrígan (as Morrigu) appears in David Gemmell's Rigante series, in the books Sword in the Storm and Midnight Falcon.
The Morrigan is a character who appears in The Iron Druid Chronicles, written by Kevin Hearne.
In the Italian comic book Zagor, Morrigan helps the titular hero to defeat Donn the Dark One, his wife Macha, and her sister Nemain.
In the Marvel Comics book X-Factor, Theresa Cassidy, an Irish mutant formerly known as "Banshee" and "Siryn", becomes The Morrigan after killing the previous Morrigan.
A character called Morrigan appears in several episodes of Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. She is portrayed as a demigoddess, the daughter of Badb and a mortal. She is initially in a relationship with Kernunnos and with him is the mother of Bridget, but later turns on him and becomes Hercules's lover and ally against Dahak and Queen Mab.
A human female mage named Morrigan, who has shapeshifting abilities and often transforms into a crow, features in the Dragon Age video game series.
The Morrigan is the name of the ship in the video game Assassin's Creed: Rogue; piloted by the game's Templar antihero, Shay Cormac. Wolf designs are heavily featured on the ship including the sails and figurehead.
The Morrigan is a character in the Arthurian opera that is the topic of 1636: The Devil's Opera, a 1632 series science fiction book.
Celtic folk-rock band Emerald Rose mentions the Morrigan as one of the historic incarnations of goddesshood in the song "Freya, Shakti" on their 2000 album Bending Tradition.
In A Song of Ice and Fire one of the noble Houses from the Stormlands, House Morrigen of Crow's Nest, has as its sigil a crow.
Morrigan appears in Nora Roberts Valley of Silence Trilogy as a protector who brings the warriors that fight the vampires in the final battle.
Morrigan is the name of the demonic female antagonist in the novel Relics by Shaun Hutson.
Morrigan, the Prince of Ravens, is a male form of this legend and holds the role of overarching villain in Cecilia Dart-Thornton's "Bitterbynde" Trilogy (2001)
Morrigan is the name of High Lord Rhysand's third-in-command in Sarah J. Maas' 2015 fantasy trilogy A Court of Thorns and Roses. She is introduced in the sequel A Court of Mist and Fury.
The Morrigan is a playable character in the video game Smite, being the first figurstagee from Celtic mythology to join the game.
Morrigan appears in the game Bloodforge as a guide to help the character to exact revenge against the Celtic gods. She transforms between a raven and a woman.
The Morrigan is the main antagonist of the game Vampyr. She is known as the Red Queen, an ancient Vampire entity that slumber under London and awake every few centuries to cause plagues and calamities.
The Morrigan appears as an omen of war and death in The Eighth Day Book series by Dianne K. Salerni, and is a focus of the third book of the trilogy, “The Morrigan's Curse”.
Morrigan is the antagonist in Catherine Doyle's Storm Keepers Island book series, set on a fictional representation of Arranmore and also featuring a character based on The Dagda
Morrigan appears in the game Mount & Blade Viking Conquest as a mysterious woman with the power to drive people mad with her singing.
The Legendary Pokémon Yveltal, a dark bird deity associated with death, is partially inspired by the Morrígan.
The Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom have a song called “Morrigan” on their 2015 album I Worship Chaos.
In the young adult fantasy novel Beyond a Darkened Shore by Jessica Leake, the Morrigan is the birth mother to the main heroine Ciara, Princess of Mide. In the novel she guides and protects her daughter in fulfilling her destiny, and graces her daughter with warrior prowess and the supernatural ability to telepathically control minds and raise the dead to fight at her command.

Selkie[edit]

Literature

John Allison's webcomic Bad Machinery includes a storyline prominently featuring two selkie girls.^[14]
One of the main supporting characters in Jane Johnson's Eidolon trilogy is a young girl selkie called She Who Swims the Silver Path of The Moon (Silver for short) who becomes close with the main hero, Ben Arnold, when he rescues her from the evil Doddman's pet shop.
In the fifth book of The Last Apprentice series, the protagonist is forced to separate a beautiful selkie from her aging husband. In the series, selkies age very slowly, and are considered bad luck or are taught to be prostitutes by the women.
The Folk Keeper, a novel by Franny Billingsley also uses this myth powerfully.
At least one tale about selkies is included in Scottish Folk Tales by Ruth Manning-Sanders.
In the Magic Tree House series the character Kathleen is a selkie.
Terri Farley, known for her books about horses that are written for children, broke from that style in 2005 to write Seven Tears into the Sea, a modern and slightly different selkie tale for teenagers. It is a teen romance novel following the story of a young girl who returns to her hometown in search of a selkie she encountered seven years earlier.
In science-fiction the Petaybee Series by Anne McCaffrey and Elizabeth Ann Scarborough employs the selkie myth in a futuristic setting.
In the first book of the Guardians of the Flame fantasy novel series by Joel Rosenberg, "The Sleeping Dragon", selkies are shown to be enslaved by the authorities of Pandathaway and forced to propel her military guardships through the heavily trapped harbor bay.
A. E. van Vogt's novel The Silkie imagines a race of creatures who can change between aquatic, human, and space-travelling forms.
Selkies appear as one of many varieties of "changed" human in Ken MacLeod's Engines of Light trilogy and are central to his 2020 novella Selkie Summer.
In the third in the Council Wars series by John Ringo, Against the Tide, selkies are used with tongue-in-cheek humour, referring to the real-life US Navy SEALs in a fantasy setting. In the book, selkies performed commando-style beach infiltrations highly reminiscent of how SEALs are often portrayed in popular media.
Mercedes Lackey's novel The Serpent's Shadow features a group of selkies in a cameo as benign water fey creatures. Her eighth book in the Elemental Masters series, Home From the Sea, features a Selkie clan prominently, but are referred to by the old Scots name of Selch.
British fantasy author Susan Cooper has written both a picture book and a novel featuring selkies. The picture book, Selkie Girl, recounts a traditional selkie legend from Ireland. The novel, Seaward, features characters who turn out to be selkies.
In the first Meredith Gentry novel, A Kiss of Shadows, by Laurell K. Hamilton, a selkie named Roane Finn is the lover of Merry Gentry, who is a part human part fey princess who is hiding in Los Angeles in self-imposed exile from the Unseelie Kingdom due to political plots against her. Merry and Roane are both paranormal detectives working for the Grey Detective Agency. Roane had been trapped in human form when a fisherman had found his seal skin and burned it. When the latent magic in Merry is awakened, it first manifests itself by miraculously regenerating Roane's shapeshifting ability. He immediately returns to his life in the sea for which he had been pining.
George Mackay Brown's novel Beside the Ocean of Time also involves a young man falling love with a Selkie, and the hiding of her sealskin to keep her from returning to the sea.
In 1998, American author Christina Dodd published a romance novel titled A Well Favored Gentleman about Ian Fairchild. His character made his first appearance in the first book of the Well Pleasured series, A Well Pleasured Lady (1997). Ian is the son of a selkie and has powers due to that legacy.
In Anne Bishop's Tir Alainne trilogy selkies are a member of the Fae race who must help witches avoid the mass-murdering black inquisitors to stay alive.
Juliet Marillier wrote several trilogies, mixing folklore with history. In Child of the Prophecy (2001) Darragh is turned into a selkie by the Fae, while Watcher in Foxmask (2003) is a descendant of a selkie mother and a human father.
Mollie Hunter's novel, A Stranger Came Ashore, has a character who turns out to be the Great Selkie, lord of all the other selkies.
Robert Holdstock's novel Merlin's Wood, contains a fantasy short story, The Silvering, in which the human protagonist is transformed into a selkie.
The Torchwood comic Captain Jack and the Selkie features a Selkie.
In 1982 David Bischoff and Charles Sheffield wrote the novel The Selkie, a modern science-fiction treatment of the selkie legend involving a male selkie and the wife of a scientist.
In the last of the five short stories in the anthology Love Is Hell titled "Love Struck" by Melissa Marr a teenage girl walking along a beach accidentally steps upon a pelt of a selchie. The selchie falls in love with the girl but at first, she doesn't return his love. The girl must ultimately make the decision to free the selchie because if his increasing longing for the sea or to keep close the selkie she now loves.
The Catherynne M. Valente book The Orphan's Tales: In the Night Garden includes a story of a female satyr who acquires a male selkie's skin, and then acquires the selkie as a lover.
The Star Trek: Titan novels include a Selkie character, Aili Lavena, who was a former lover of Captain William Riker.
Selkies, and their home-world of Pacifica, are key in the 2009 novel Star Trek The Next Generation: Losing the Peace
Sea Change, by Aimee Friedman is about a girl who comes to Selkie Island during the summer after a drama-filled year. She meets Leo, who is a selkie.
In the 2009 novel Tempest Rising by Nicole Peeler, the main character, Jane True, is the adult child of a selkie and a human man.
In Patricia McKillip's 2000 novel The Tower at Stony Wood, a character is revealed to be of selkie origin when she regains her former shape by donning the seal suit she has made.
Selkies, Roane, and other similar creatures play varying roles in Seanan McGuire's October Daye novels.
In the book series The Companions Quartet by Julia Golding, Selkies feature in the first book, as part of the search for the Universal. They are one of the creatures in the Society for the Protection of Mythical Creatures.
In Kiersten White's Supernaturally and Endlessly entries in her Paranormalcy trilogy, there are selkies named Kari and Donna who eat food at a diner and drive a car in their human forms.
Sea Hearts/The Brides of Rollrock Island a young adult novel by Margo Lanagan has a witch cut beautiful women out of seals to be wives for the island men.
Appearing in 2017's anthology of the winning entries from the yearly science fiction and fantasy contest Writers of the Future (Volume 33), Andrew L. Roberts' short story "Tears for Shülna" tells the tale of man and a selkie, once in love but long separated, who reunite at the end of his life.
James A. Hetley's contemporary fantasy books Dragon's Eye and Dragon's Teeth centers on the Morgan family of Stonefort, Maine - present-day Americans who are secretly Selkies, able to turn themselves into seals at will (and making extensive use of that ability in their fighting with various other characters).
In J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, a colony of selkies live within the lake near Hogwarts Castle.
In Selma Lagerlöf, first woman Nobel Prize in literature and first woman member of the Swedish Academy, The wonderful adventures of Nils, there is a chapter that contain Selkies.

Song

There is a traditional ballad from Orkney called The Great Silkie of Sule Skerry that has become popular and been covered by a range of musicians including Joan Baez and Trees. See the list of adaptations.
The progressive metalcore band Between the Buried and Me released their Alaska album in 2005 with a song titled "Selkies: The Endless Obsession".
The album Honeycomb by former Pixies front-man Frank Black includes a tune called "Selkie Bride", which alludes to the Selkie legend.
The poet Jane Yolen wrote a poem titled "The Ballad of the White Seal Maid", that is a sad story of a fisherman and his selkie wife. This poem was set to music by the folk musician Lui Collins, and recorded by her and also by Mike Agranoff.
The song "Sælkvinden" (the seal-woman) by Danish singer Lars Lilholt is a sad story about a young fisherman and a selkie.
In December 1991, the British folk artist Talis Kimberley wrote "Still Catch the Tide," a song written from the perspective of the selkie's lover, upon returning to find the selkie (which is of indeterminate gender) packing their things to return to the sea. The song has been covered by several other folk artists, including Rika Körte & Kerstin 'Katy' Dröge (on FilkCONtinental Definitely), Minstrel (on Boy in a Room), and Seanan McGuire (on Stars Fall Home). Talis's own recording of the song appears on her album Talis (Almost Live at Dracon).
The American folk artist Gordon Bok wrote "Peter Kagan and the Wind", a cantefable (in which spoken narrative is blended with sudden song-phrasings) about the fisherman Cagan who married a selkie, and how his selkie wife saved him from a terrible storm, even though this meant she could never return to her human body and hence her happy home. This interpretation was also often performed live by The Clancy Brothers and (the late) Tommy Makem.
Singer Méav Ní Mhaolchatha (an original soloist of the group Celtic Woman), opens her solo album Silver Sea with the song "You Brought Me Up", a Selkie woman captured then abandoned on land.
The Irish-American musical group, Solas, have a song called "The Grey Selchie" on their The Words That Remain CD.
US singer Alexander James Adams sings "First Rising Tide", about a selkie man, on his 2008 CD A Familiar Promise.
Singer/songwriter S. J. Tucker created the song "Seafaring Satyr" based on Catherynne M. Valente's story about a female satyr and a male selkie.
The 2014 album Unrepentant Geraldines by singer/songwriter Tori Amos includes a critically acclaimed song titled "Selkie" as one of its standout tracks.
In 2021, the Dutch gothic rock band Blackbriar released a single called "Selkie" referencing the unlucky relationship between a Selkie woman and a human man.^[15]

Games

Selkie are monsters in the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game. They resemble seals with human-like hands and facial features, who have the ability to transform into humans.
The Final Fantasy Crystal Chronicles series features Selkies as a playable race. They usually have blue-green hair and are depicted as tribal, seagoing brigands. One Selkie character states, "We Selkies came from the sea, and to the sea we must one day return."
In the collectible card game Magic: The Gathering there are three cards in the Eventide set of the Shadowmoor block with the name selkie in them. They are classified as a merfolk, are all green/blue hybrid-mana creatures, and pictured as half seal, half human. The quote for the card Wistful Selkie says, "Selkies call to a sea they never swam, in a tongue they never spoke, with a song they never learned." The other two cards are Selkie Hedge-mage and Cold-Eyed Selkie.
The game Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic writers may have derived their race of aquatic peoples, the Selkath, from the Selkie legends.
A shape-shifting kitsune named Selkie appears in the video game Fire Emblem Fates.
In the Pokémon games the Pokémon Primarina is a seal like creature that takes some inspiration from selkies.

Film

The 1994 John Sayles movie The Secret of Roan Inish tells the story of a family descended from selkies. It is based on the novel The Secret of Ron Mor Skerry by Rosalie K. Fry.
In 2000, the Australian film titled Selkie, starring Shimon Moore of the Australian rock band, Sick Puppies, depicted a young teenage male moving to a coastal town with his family and after he starts growing webbing between his fingers, having dreams of the water in the bathtub and becoming a seal after diving into the sea to save a friend, he learns that he is a Selkie. The majority of the film depicts him coming to terms with his identity and even attempting to give up his Selkie powers at which point he accepts them. The film was shot at Port Noarlunga Jetty.
2010, Colin Farrell plays fisherman "Syracuse" in the movie Ondine (the name of the main character played by Alicja Bachleda, meaning "from the sea"); Ondine is believed to be a Selkie and the film explores Selkie mythology.
Tomm Moore, director of The Secret of Kells, created the 2014 animated movie Song of the Sea. The film features a young girl named Saoirse who discovers herself to be a selkie, and along with her human brother Ben, must find her voice and save herself and all the faerie folk of Ireland.

Television

In an episode of Catscratch, the banshee that was haunting the Highland Quid Clan was, in fact, a selkie (called a "seal woman" in the show) under a curse. Gordon freed the selkie by vocalising in high tones and pitches.
In an episode of Mystery Science Theater 3000 in which the movie being riffed on was The Space Children, Mike comments, "There's a Selkie caught in the oil slick."
"Fae Gone Wild", an episode of Canadian drama Lost Girl, features numerous Selkie as characters.
The Netflix children's series Puffin Rock features a seal character named Silky.
"Baby... Seal... Thingy", an episode of Canadian animated series Wishfart has the three main characters raising a selkie.
In the Disenchantment episode, "The Lonely Heart is a Hunter," King Zøg dates a woman who is a bear selkie.
In an episode "Separate Tides" of The Owl House, has a beast demon called, Selkidomus.

Tuatha Dé Danann[edit]

Literature

In Julian May's series Saga of Pliocene Exile, the alien Tanu race is based on the Tuatha Dé Danann.
The Tuatha Dé Danann were a major inspiration for the Elves of Tolkien's legendarium.

Ulster Cycle[edit]

Bricriu[edit]

Bricriu is the name of a mischievous will-o'-the-wisp in three episodes of the Disney Channel Original Series So Weird. Bricriu is believed to be a mischievous evil spirit, a troublemaker, and also Irish; he may have been based on the character from Irish mythology.

Caladbolg[edit]

Caladbolg appears as a sword in a number of video games, including Final Fantasy X, Fire Emblem: Radiant Dawn, Castlevania: Aria of Sorrow, Phantasy Star Online Blue Burst, Mabinogi, Guild Wars 2, Adventure Quest Worlds, the remake of The Bard's Tale, and Soulcalibur V and VI. In Fate/Stay Night, Archer uses an imperfect copy of Caladbolg, known as Caladbolg II. Caladbolg also appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order in the hands of Fergus mac Róich.

Cathbad[edit]

In Elly Griffiths' Ruth Galloway series of novels, Michael Malone - the godfather of Ruth's daughter^[16] - is a druid who goes by the name Cathbad.^[17] He is also an active member of the Elginists who, in A Room Full of Bones (2012), describe themselves as an organization "dedicated to the return of cultural artefacts to their countries of origin. There is a bit about the Elgin Marbles"[...].^[18]

Cú Chulainn[edit]

Animation

In the second season of the Disney animated TV series Gargoyles, during the "Avalon World Tour" story arc's episode titled The Hound of Ulster, Goliath and his daughter Angela, their human friend Elisa Maza, and Goliath's gargoyle beast Bronx encounter a young Irishman named Rory Dugan, who turns out to be the reincarnation of Cú Chulainn, voiced by Scott Cleverdon. For a time Bronx accompanies the reincarnated Cú Chulainn as the titular "hound" of the legend, with the Banshee as Cú Chulainn's antagonist. The Banshee, one of Oberon's children in the Gargoyles episodes, also takes the form of a gigantic, centipede-like "death-worm"^[19] under the name of Crom(m)-Cruach to battle Cú Chulainn and the Gargoyles in the episode's climax. Rory defeats the Banshee using the Gáe Bolga, the Spear of Light, a magical weapon that restores his memories, and gives Ireland back its greatest hero. (Note: Cú Chulainn himself was actually known as "the Hound of Ulster": he slew Culann's guard dog and then offered his own services as "watchdog" in compensation, thereby becoming known as "Cú Chulainn", which means "Culann's hound"; he then defended Ulster and became known as "the Hound of Ulster". The Gargoyles episode title probably refers doubly to Bronx acting as Cú Chulainn's temporary "hound" and to Cú Chulainn himself.)
The King's Wake, a short animated film by John McCloskey, features Cú Chulainn and King Connor Mac Neasa.^[20]
In Fate/Stay Night, Cú Chulainn (voiced by Nobutoshi Canna) is summoned into the Lancer class, and his spear, Gáe Bolg, has the ability to unfailingly pierce the heart of its target.^[21] Cú Chulainn returns as Lancer in the comedy series Carnival Phantasm, though he is portrayed as having extremely bad luck, being frequently mistaken for a dog and dying in almost every episode. In the Fate/Grand Order mobile game and OVA, Cú Chulainn also appears with four iterations: his normal Lancer-class form, a more offensive younger version of him from Fate/Prototype, a Caster-class version that uses rune-based fire spells, and as an enemy Berserker-class Servant known as Cú Chulainn Alter, who debuts as the main antagonist in the E Pluribus Unum chapter after being summoned by Queen Medb. All four of his iterations are known to be extremely hard to kill in-game due to their signature evasion skill, Protection from Arrows.
In 1995, BBC Northern Ireland commissioned Raw Nerve to produce a series of animated shorts based on the story of Cú Chulainn.

Comics

Cuchulainn, the Irish Wolfhound, has appeared in Marvel Comics' Guardians of the Galaxy.^[22]
High Moon, the werewolf western comic series developed and created by David Gallaher and Steve Ellis uses aspects of the Cú Chulainn mythology, with specific callouts to the Cattle Raid of Cooley, and more.
The 2000AD character Sláine is partly based on Cú Chulainn with many of his stories based on Celtic mythology.
In 2013, Will Sliney released Cú Chulainn, an Irish graphic novel based on the hero and tells the story of his life.
In 2015, director and animator Paul J Bolger released the first in a trilogy of graphic novels recounting the tales of Cú Chulainn.

Music

Scottish composer Ronald Center wrote a symphony called The Coming of Cuchulain, first performed by the Scottish Orchestra, conducted by Warwick Braithwaite, in 1944.
The tale of Cú Chulainn's wasting sickness provides the title of the Pogues's song "The Sickbed of Cuchulainn" from their album Rum, Sodomy, and the Lash.
Jeff Danna's opening theme for the 1999 film The Boondock Saints is named "The Blood of Cuchulainn".
French hip hop group Manau has a song about Cú Chulainn called "Le Chien du Forgeron" ("The Smith's Hound").
The first track on the album The Eternal Knot, written by Karl Jenkins for his Adiemus project, is called "Cú Chullain".
The second verse of the Thin Lizzy song "Róisín Dubh (Black Rose): A Rock Legend" from the 1979 album Black Rose: A Rock Legend begins with the phrase "Pray tell me the story of young Cúchulainn, how his eyes were dark, his expression sullen, and how he'd fight and always won, and how they cried when he was fallen".
The eighth track on the album Wild Frontier by Gary Moore, titled "Thunder Rising", speaks of the legend of Cú Chullain.
Irish rock band Horslips' 1973 second album was titled The Táin, featuring Cú Chulainn's exploits, originally conceived as music for a stage adaptation of the poem.
Cúchulainn is mentioned in or the subject of a few songs by the Celtic metal band Cruachan, including "Cuchulainn (The Hound of Culan)", "Cattle Raid of Cooley" and "The Brown Bull of Cooley".
The songs "Seven Fingers" and "When They Come to Murder Me" from the Black Francis mini-album Svn Fngrs are about Cú Chulainn.
There is a song from the show Riverdance named "Caoineadh Cú Chulainn", meaning "The Lament of Cú Chulainn". It is played by Davy Spillane on the uilleann pipes.
The German metal band Suidakra released an album called Crógacht, based on the story of Cúchulainn and Conlaoch.
The symphonic metal band Therion released a song called "Cú Chulainn" on their 2010 album, Sitra Ahra.
The first track of My Name Will Live On, an album by Italian epic doom metal band Doomsword is named "The Death of Ferdia", and tells the story of the duel fought between Cú Chulainn and his foster brother.
Irish indie-musician and singer Gavin Dunne, known as Miracle Of Sound wrote a song called "The Tale Of Cú Chulainn" in genre of folk metal, as a tribute to Cú Chulainn in 2020.
Experimental rock band Supreme Dicks recorded the song "Cúchulain (Blackbirds Loom)" for their 1996 album The Emotional Plague.

Novels

In Henry H. Neff's series The Tapestry, Max MacDaniels is believed to be Cúchulainn reborn. He is later discovered to be a half brother.

Sport

Cú Chulainn's name is popular in Gaelic games. A number of Gaelic Athletic Association clubs are named after him, including Dunloy Cúchullains in County Antrim,^[23] Cúchulainn Hurling Club^[24] and Mullaghbawn Cúchulainn's Gaelic Football Club in County Armagh, Cúchulainn Gaels in Omeath, County Louth,^[25] Setanta Hurling Club in Killygordon, Co. Donegal, Setanta Hurling Club in Ballymun, County Dublin, and Cúchulainns GFC based in Mullagh, County Cavan. Cúchulainn is also the name of a brand of Gaelic sportswear.^[26] Setanta Sports is the name an Irish broadcasting company specialising in sport, broadcasting in Ireland, USA, Canada and Australia, and formerly in Great Britain. Setanta College is the name of an Irish online sports college.

Scouting

In Scouting Ireland, the highest adult award is the Order of CúChulainn.^[27] It consists of an award ribbon and a hound pendant.

Video Games

The character is the protagonist in the adventure games Tir Na Nog and Dun Darach.
In Final Fantasy XII, an esper is named Cúchulainn the Impure, and in Final Fantasy Tactics he is the first Lucavi demon players must defeat. Additionally, several Final Fantasy games contain a weapon named for Cú Chulainn's spear, the Gáe Bulg. A similarly named, but unrelated Voidsent appears as a penultimate raid boss in Final Fantasy XIV's Heavensward expansion, and a Bozjan remake of XII's Lucavi version of Cúchulainn returns in Shadowbringers.
Cúchulainn appears in several Megami Tensei games as a recruitable demon capable of being summoned by player characters to fight other enemies. Also, in Persona 3, it is possible to fuse him with a Nihil weapon to obtain his spear. He also appears as his Setanta form, usually a weaker demon than Cú Chulainn.
He appears as Lancer, one of the Servants in the Holy Grail War in the Fate/stay night visual novel. He also appears in the anime, video games, movie, and manga based on the visual novel.
In the adventure game Omikron: The Nomad Soul, a hero which the player eventually controls is named Kushulai'n.
Cúchulainn is due to star in an educational computer game called In Cúchulainn's Footsteps. In the game, Cúchulainn must escape from the Druids' Island. To do this Cúchulainn must find five magic symbols and bring them to a stone gate at the sacred mound. The game includes among other things, a voice cameo by GAA commentator Mícheál Ó Muircheartaigh.
He has also is playable in SMITE as the Third Celtic gods to be added to the game since the Celtics gods joined. In that game, Cú Chulainn is classed as a Warrior deity that fights with his spear Gáe Bulg but after a certain period of fighting, he can turn into a hulking monster temporarily.
In the Taken King expansion for Destiny a rare shotgun with the name Cúchulainn-D was added with the flavor text "You may die, but you will die on your feet, facing your enemies."
Chulainn is a myrmidon in Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War.
"Cu Chulainn, the Green Lancer" (spelled without the accent mark), is among the oldest cards in the Japanese gacha game Puzzle & Dragons, dating back to the year of the game's release, sharing an evolutionary line with the similarly named cards "More Cu Chulainn, the Hero", "Noble Wolf King Hero, Cu Chulainn", "Wolf Hero, Ignis Cu Chulainn", as well as "Highlander" and "Gáe Bulg".

Other

The Cú Chulainn Coaster in Tayto Park, which is Europe's largest wooden roller coaster is named after him.^[28]
The school Coláiste Chú Chulainn, located in Dundalk, County Louth is named after him.^[29]

Deirdre[edit]

Finnish progressive metal group Amorphis featured a song titled "Exile of the Sons of Uisliu", the title of one version of the story of Deirdre, on their first album The Karelian Isthmus.
In the video game Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War, the main character Sigurd marries a mysterious girl named Deirdre. She is kidnapped and forced to wed the Lord Arvis, and Sigurd and his army are executed.
In the novel Lament by Maggie Stiefvater, the protagonist, Deirdre, references the mythological origin of her name.

Medb[edit]

The LÉ Maev, a ship in the Irish Naval Service (now decommissioned), was named after her.
Great Southern Railways express steam locomotive Number 800 of the GSR Class 800 of 1939, the largest and most powerful of its type in Ireland, is named after her. The nameplates are spelt Maeḋḃ in the gaelic script. This locomotive is preserved at the Ulster Transport Museum.
Queen Maeve is the name of a character in The Boys comic series. She is a spoof of Wonder Woman, who is based on Greek mythology.
Maeve is the Lady of Winter Court of the Sidhe in The Dresden Files.
Queen Maeve is the ruler of Temra and the villainess of the TV series Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog.
Queen Medb appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order: summoned as a Rider-class Servant and featuring her expedition as her Noble Phantasm.
Queen Meve is the Queen of Lyria and Rivia who appears in the Witcher book series by Andrzej Sapkowski. She is also the main character of Thronebreaker: the Witcher Tales, a game developed by CD Projekt RED.

Scáthach[edit]

Appears in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel series by Michael Scott.
Appears in The Second Siege, book 2 of the Tapestry Series by Henry H. Neff.
The origin story for Red Sonja, "The Day of the Sword", first appeared in Kull and the Barbarians, issue 3, by Roy Thomas, Doug Moench, and Howard Chaykin, and was later redrawn by Dick Giordano and Terry Austin for The Savage Sword of Conan, issue 78. In this story, Red Sonja lived with her family in a humble house in the Western Hyrkanian steppes (this seems to be in modern Ukraine/Russia though historical Hyrcania was on the borders of modern Iran/Turkmenistan).^{[citation needed]} When she had just turned 17 years old, a group of mercenaries killed her family and burned down their house. Sonja survived but was brutally raped by the leader of the group, leaving her in shame. Answering her cry for revenge, the red goddess Scáthach appeared to her, and instilled in her incredible skill in the handling of swords and other weapons on the condition that she would never lie with a man unless he defeated her in fair combat.
Scathach appears in the Megami Tensei series of RPGs as a recurring demon of the Megami race, and in the Persona subseries as a persona of the Priestess Arcana
A character in the game Mabinogi as a witch who makes nearby normal monsters into big ones.
Scáthach is featured in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as a Lancer and Assassin Class Servant, using Gae Bolg - or the Gate of Skye, her home castle - as her Noble Phantasm. She also appears in the same game as a Caster class servant, where she is fused with Skaði. She also appears in Fate/Extella Link as a playable character in Lancer form.
A character with the name Scathach appears in American Horror Story: Roanoke, portrayed by Lady Gaga; the character is an English witch, in Colonial-era America.
Scáthach appears as a raid boss in Final Fantasy XIV, appearing as the antagonistic Voidsent Shadow Queen. The raid is named after her castle, Dun Scaith.^[30] She also appears as a minion that the player can equip.^[31]
Scáthach appears as a boss in the game Dicey Dungeons.

Táin Bó Cúailnge[edit]

Comics

An Táin by Colmán Ó Raghallaigh and Barry Reynolds

Novelisations

Red Branch by Morgan Llywelyn
Táin by Gregory Frost
The Prize in the Game by Jo Walton
Cuchulain of Muirthemne by Isabella Augusta, Lady Gregory
A Storm Upon Ulster by Kenneth C. Flint

Music inspired by the Táin

The story inspired a concept album called The Táin (1973) by Irish Celtic-rock band Horslips.
Terry Riley's Chanting the Light of Foresight is a programmatic depiction of the epic commissioned by the Rova Saxophone Quartet.
The Pogues have a song called "The Sick Bed of Cuchulainn" on their 1985 album Rum, Sodomy and the Lash.
The Decemberists released an EP called The Tain in 2003. The EP consists of one 18-minute 35-second-long track, Colin Meloy's five-part rendering of the story.
The instrumental theme song to the movie The Boondock Saints is called The Blood of Cúchulainn.
The ballet The Táin by Joan Denise Moriarty and Aloys Fleischmann. Performed in Dublin at The Gaeity on 6 October 1981.
Cruachan, an Irish Celtic metal band, has the song "The Brown Bull of Cooley" on their album The Morrigan's Call.
Black Francis, lead singer of the band Pixies has a solo album called SVN Fngrs that features several songs referencing Cuchulainn and the events from The Táin.

Fenian Cycle[edit]

Diarmuid Ua Duibhne[edit]

Diarmuid appears as the character Zero Lancer in the Fate/Unlimited Codes game for the PS2 and PSP; his depiction there is derived from his appearance in the Fate/Zero light novel series from the same franchise, and also features prominently in the anime adaptation of Fate/Zero. Diarmuid appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as a Lancer class servant wielding the spears Gáe Buidhe and Gáe Dearg and as a Saber class servant who instead uses the swords Móralltach and Beagalltach.

Fionn mac Cumhaill[edit]

Finn MacCool appears in the novel The Drawing of the Dark by author Tim Powers. In the novel he is buried in Vienna, Austria with a cistern of beer directly above his grave. His essence gives the oldest of the beer supernatural powers.
Mary Tannen has written two children's novels where Finn features as a major character, The Wizard Children of Finn (1982) and The Lost Legend of Finn (1983).
He is also featured as a character in filmmaker Matthew Barney's film Cremaster 3 (2002).
Fionn mac Cumhaill was featured as a protagonist and ally in the first published adventure for the Buffy the Vampire Slayer RPG, The Dark Druid. The adventure features Fionn and his battle with the druid Fer Doirich in the modern age and posits that the witches Willow and Tara are the reincarnations of his foster mothers Bodhmall and Liath respectively.^[32]
The song "The Giant" by the Canadian singer-songwriter Stan Rogers features Fionn mac Cumhaill as 'the giant' Fingal.
Dropkick Murphys play a song titled "The Legend of Finn Maccumhail".
"The Youth of Finn MacCool" is a song featured on Doomsword's Resound the Horn which retells of the story of how Finn spared the deer that turned out to be Sadbh. On the same album, the song "Onward into Battle" is dedicated to Finn and the Fianna.
Finn McCool's is the name of the restaurant in Westhampton Beach, New York that was the subject of 14 November 2007, episode of the American reality television series Kitchen Nightmares.
Fionn briefly appears in episode 9 of the anime adaptation of Fate/Zero, in a scene that briefly recounts the story of Fionn's encounters with Diarmuid Ua Duibhne. Also, he appears as a Lancer class Servant in Type-Moon's mobile game Fate/Grand Order. In addition, Fionn is referenced as the Lancer of Fuyuki's third Holy Grail War in Fate/Apocrypha.
The roleplaying game Werewolf: the Apocalypse has the Fianna as one of the major tribes of werewolf society, first organised by Fionn and holding close ties to the fae.
Irish wrestler Finn Balor's name is a reference to Fionn and the demon king Balor, playing up an aspect of duality within himself. Finn is known for donning paint in order to "summon the demon" before high-profile matches.
Finn, a playable character in both generations of Fire Emblem: Genealogy of the Holy War and Fire Emblem: Thracia 776 as the adoptive father of Leif and Nanna.
Finn MacCool appears briefly in the penultimate Everworld novel. He is shot and killed by the villains after failing to heed the protagonists' warning about how dangerous guns can be.
Finn mac Cumhail appears in Shin Megami Tensei V as a demon that can be recruited into the players party. Additionally his sword Mac an Luinn appears as one of his skills.　^[33]

Oisín[edit]

Fionn mac Cumhaill's son, Oisín, is referenced by the grandfather in the film Into the West as he tells his grandsons the story of Oisín's journey to Tír na nÓg from the point of view of the Travellers or "Gypsies" of Ireland. The grandfather gives a mysterious white horse the name "Tír na nÓg" in homage to the story, and the boys proceed to have an extended adventure travelling from Dublin to the west coast of Ireland. Oisin appears in a story told by Michael Mulligan in Michael Corrigan's novel Mulligan.

Oisín is also featured in Faeries (1981) an animated short loosely based on Oisín's adventure in Tír na nÓg. The short was directed by Lee Mishkin and is mainly inspired by the illustrations of Brian Froud and Alan Lee in their 1978 book Faeries.

Salmon of Knowledge[edit]

The Salmon of Knowledge is alluded to in the title of Douglas Adams' unfinished last book, The Salmon of Doubt.
It also features in the 1973 cult classic horror film, The Wicker Man, as the costume of the harbourmaster for the May Day festivities.
The Salmon is also the logo of Institute of Technology, Sligo
A comedy club in The League of Gentlemen
An episode of Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks, a children's television series, has the legend of the salmon as the central plot.
The Salmon of Knowledge is referenced in numerous works by Irish comedy duo The Rubberbandits, in the context of appearances by its non-canonical brother: The Trout of No Craic.

Mythical places[edit]

Hy-Brasil[edit]

The characters of the movie Erik the Viking visit the island, spelled Hy-Brasil in the film's literature, during their quest to find Valhalla and end Ragnarok.
It appears in the novel The Stones Are Hatching by Geraldine McCaughrean as the home of malevolent Fairies which plan to invade England and steal the women and girls for brides. The protagonist is led there by his companion's uncle Mordo, who has seen the island before, and thinks the fairies will grant him a wish.
Jack Vance's Lyonesse Trilogy of fantasy novels is set in the mythical Elder Isles, situated southwest of Cornwall and west of Brittany, consisting of a large island called Hybras, "the Hy-Brasil of ancient Irish legend", surrounded by numerous smaller islands of various sizes.
In Michael Moorcock's Chronicles of Corum there is an island called Huy Braseal where lives the smith Goffanon, last dwarvish scion of a giant and destined to follow him on hid quests and aid him to overcome them.
Hy-Brasil is the title of the 2002 novel by Scottish writer Margaret Elphinstone. She creates an island-nation somewhere between Newfoundland and Ireland as a thought-experiment.
Hy Brasil is featured in the Promethea comic series by Alan Moore.
In the Saga of Pliocene Exile, a series of science-fiction novels by Julian May, "High Vrazel" is the seat of the Firvulag, an alien race based on the Fir Bolg of Irish mythology.
In the Artemis Fowl series, Hybras is an island, situated off the coast of Ireland, on which demons live.
In the .hack//G.U. series of video games, Hy-Brazil is an island that only the champions of the arena fights are allowed to visit.
In the alternate history of Poul Anderson's "Delenda Est", in which Carthago destroyed Rome and later world culture was based on a mixture of Semitic and Celtic elements, "Huy Braseal" is one of the main world powers in the equivalent of the 20th century.

Tír na nÓg[edit]

Literature

Tír na nÓg was the setting for most of the earlier tales of the long-running Sláine series, in the UK's sci-fi and fantasy comic 2000 AD.
Tír-na Nog'th appears in Roger Zelazny's Chronicles of Amber. The city appears during full moon above the city of Amber. The only inhabitants of this city are shadows and ghosts of people who once, might have, or never existed.
In The Iron Fey Series of novels by Julie Kagawa, Tir Na Nog is the home of the Winter fey. In this story, it is not a land of joy and happiness, but a land of eternal Winter, covered in snow. The Winter court, which is underground, is ruled by Queen Mab, a cruel faery queen.
Tír na nÓg is visited in The Iron Druid Chronicles, written by Kevin Hearne. It is depicted as being the home of the Tuatha Dé Danann, fairies, and pixies.
In Patrick O'Brian's Post Captain (of the Aubrey-Maturin series), Stephen Maturin writes a piece of music which is a 'lament for the Tir na nog.' When Jack Aubrey asks what the Tir na nog is, Stephen replies, 'The only bearable part of my country: it vanished long ago.'
In Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, the home of the witch Nanny Ogg is called Tir Nani Ogg, a pun on Tír na nÓg.
Pat O'Shea's children's novel, The Hounds of the Morrigan, is set partly in Tír na nÓg.^[34]
In Yuu Kamiya's No Game No Life series, Tír na nÓg—renamed as Tírnóg—is one of the fifty-two states from Elven Gard, its capital—Loamigel, situated in the southeast, a metropolis that bordered Hardenfell, the country of Dwarf.
John Lenahan's fantasy series Shadowmagic is set in Tír na nÓg where a boy named Conor is transported from the real world and discovers he is a prince of The Land. There are three novels in the series, all of which take place in Tír na nÓg.

Film

Tir na nÓg is the name given to a mysterious white horse in the film Into the West, which stars Gabriel Byrne as a "traveller" who has left the road for Dublin following the death of his wife. His boys are told the story of Oisín and his journey to Tír na nÓg by their grandfather, who gives the name to the horse that followed him from the west coast to Dublin, and leads the boys back again.
In the film Titanic, the Irish mother tells her two children the story of Oisín and his journey to Tir na nÓg as the ship is about to sink.
In the Irish animated film Song of the Sea, Tír na nÓg is a place for Faeries, Great Seanchaí, Mac Lir, and Macha that can song by the selkie.

Music

The composer (Sir) Arnold Bax wrote many classical pieces about Tir na NOg, specifically "Nympholept" (becoming transfixed by a wood nymph in Tir na NOg); his Third Symphony, about going to Tir na NOg; and the Sixth Symphony, in which Tir na NOg breaks off from our world and floats off into the ether never to come again.
"Tír Na Nog" is the title and subject of a song by Van Morrison, found on No Guru, No Method, No Teacher.
"Tír na nÓg" is the subject of the song "Pearl" by Sounds from the Ground from the album Kin.
"Tír Na nÓg" is the title of a song on Celtic Woman's album Destiny.
Brazilian Celtic metal band Tuatha de Danann released a song called "Tir Nan Og (Land of Youth)" included in the album Trova di Danú in 2004.
The final song on French shoegazing band Alcest's debut album Souvenirs d'un autre monde is entitled "Tir nan og".
"Tír na nÓg" is mentioned in the song "Pan" from Nightwish's 2020 studio album Human. :II: Nature..

Games

In the game Shadowrun, Ireland is renamed Tír na nÓg. Babies born in Tír na nÓg have an unusually high chance of being elves, and it boasts one of the highest elven populations of any nation in the world. While Tír na nÓg is nominally a democracy, it is essentially ruled by a group of powerful elven aristocratic families.
Tír na nÓg is the capital city of the realm of Hibernia based on ancient Celtic mythology in the 2001 MMORPG Dark Age of Camelot.
The first part of the MMORPG Mabinogi revolves around locating Tír na nÓg to save the Goddess Morrighan. It is later revealed that you were in Tír na nÓg from the beginning.
Tír na nÓg is the name of one of the moves the Highlander character can perform in the 2017 fighting game For Honor.
Tir Na Nog (video game) is a game from Gargoyle Games Published in 1984 for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum & Amstrad CPC.

Television

Mystic Knights of Tir Na Nog was a 1998 live-action series modelled after Japanese sentai shows such as Power Rangers. The premise involved a team of adolescent heroes from the land of Kells enlisting the aid of the fey folk of Tir na nÓg in their quest to obtain Mystic Armour (each suit affiliated with either Fire, Air, Earth, Water, or Forest, thus enabling a henshin/transformation sequence), tame the fire dragon Pyre, and vanquish the evil queen and her dark fairy ally.
In Winx Club, Tír na nÓg appears as a location that debut in the fourth season, where is portrayed as the kingdom of the earth fairies.
In the anime The Ancient Magus' Bride titled in Japan as Mahoutsukai no Yome the fairy kingdom is referred to as Tír na nÓg.
The Amazon series Carnival Row centers around fey refugees from a human invasion of Tir na nÓg.

Stage

The legend was celebrated in Welsh with the rock opera Nia Ben Aur. This was first performed at Carmarthen National Eisteddfod in 1974. Osian, the Prince of Ireland, has fallen in love with Nia Ben Aur (the Welsh version of Goldilocks), but has to choose between her and his country. Later in the year, the album was recorded in London and then at the old SAIN studio at Gwernafalau, Llandwrog. SAIN first released the Opera on cassette and record formats in 1975.^[35]
American playwright Greg Banks adapted the legend of Tír na nÓg to a children's play in 1998.^[36] This play was adapted to a First Nations perspective in a 2016 play titled "Spirit Horse" by Drew Hayden Taylor.^[37]
A new bi-lingual musical based up on the legend of Tir na nÓg - by Shauna Carrick with additional music by Aidan Byrne. It flips the well-known story on its head, bringing Niamh Cinn Óir into the spotlight to tell her version of events. The show premiered at the dlr Mill Theatre in June 2022.

Festivals[edit]

Lughnasadh[edit]

The 1990 play by Brian Friel titled Dancing at Lughnasa takes place in early August and describes one family's bitter harvest. It has also been made into a 1998 film.
A traditional Irish folk music group, Lúnasa, is named after the festival.
The Dutch band Omnia have a song titled "Lughnasadh" on their album Pagan Folk.
Áine Minogue, an Irish Celtic folk music artist, has a song titled "Rosemary Faire (Song of Lughnasadh)" on her album Between Worlds.

Samhain[edit]

In the film Trick 'r Treat, Samhain, "The Spirit of Halloween" takes the form of a trick-or-treater in orange footie pajamas and a burlap sack mask named Sam. At the film's climax, Sam is unmasked and his demonic, pumpkin-like face is revealed. Sam is considered the "horror hero" of the story, and punishes those who break the rules of Halloween.
On two separate episodes of The Real Ghostbusters, Samhain is the living incarnation of Halloween. In this incarnation, Samhain is a spindly figure with a brown robe and a jack-o-lantern for a head, and he seeks to abolish daylight and make Halloween forever.
In "It's The Great Pumpkin, Sam Winchester", episode 67 of the US television series Supernatural, Samhain is presented as 'the origin of Halloween'. He is a demon who inspired the Celtic rituals that eventually became Halloween customs. As stated by character Sam Winchester: "Masks were put on to hide from him, sweets left on doorsteps to appease him, faces carved into pumpkins to worship him" but was exorcised centuries ago. Samhain is raised from hell by two powerful witches, and once risen, summons ghosts, zombies and ghouls to kill everyone around. He is later exorcised psychically by Sam Winchester and sent back to Hell after all efforts to kill him failed. He was shown to be an incredibly powerful demon.
Samhain, Glenn Danzig's gothic metal/punk rock band, was named after the festival.
In the film Halloween II, the killer Michael Myers writes Samhain on a school chalk board in blood.
In Bernard Cornwell's The Warlord Trilogy, a modern and realistic interpretation of Arthurian Britain, the Samhain is commemorated as the most important celebration by the Celtic pagan characters, and is mentioned by the protagonist, Derfel Cadarn, as the day when the spirits of the dead roam among the living and when the Druidic magic, represented by Merlin and Nimue weakens.
In the film Halloween III: Season of the Witch a business tycoon wishes to return Halloween to its sacrificial roots of Samhain.
Samhain is a "day" in the MMO game, Mabinogi.
In the beginning of an episode of Aqua Teen Hunger Force, Dr. Weird proclaims 'Samhain forever!' before the opening theme.
In the video game Folklore, the night of Samhain is major plot point that sets off the events of the title and the entrance to the Netherworld.
Swedish black metal band Marduk have a song called A Samhain Fire as a bonus track on their 2001 release, La Grande Danse Macabre
The animated TV series Ugly Americans has a holiday called Samhain.
In the comic book series Hack/Slash the Samhain is an agent of the Black Lamp Society, a cult worshiping slashers.
In the Fever Series by "Karen Marie Moning", Samhain is the night when rituals are performed to keep the Fae Walls from breaching, unleashing evil fae into the world.
True Blood's final episode of season 4 references Samhain multiple times – though even Wiccan characters mispronounce it as "samma-hane".
Samhain is a holiday event in The Secret World MMO game.
Samhain is mentioned in the BBC TV show Merlin. In season 4, episode 1 they are celebrating the festival of Samhain. “It was on the stroke of midnight of Samhain's eve. The moment when the Veil between the worlds is at its thinnest...” — Gaius (Played by Richard Wilson)
In the adventure game King's Quest VI: Heir Today, Gone Tomorrow, Samhain is one of the names of the Lord of the Dead, whom Alexander can encounter (while still alive). This meeting is one of the things required to get the good ending in that game, as part of getting said ending is to bring Princess Cassima's parents back to life.

Miscellaneous[edit]

Geas/Geis[edit]

In the Discworld novel Sourcery, the great hero Nijel the Destroyer claims to have a geis, which Rincewind mistakes for a type of bird. In A Hat Full of Sky, Rob Anybody is put under a geis by his wife Jeannie, the kelda, to protect Tiffany Aching from the Hiver.
In the novel Operation Chaos by Poul Anderson, every military recruit is put under a geis which prevents panic and assures loyalty. It can be broken only if the individual gives free consent, and is removed when the person returns to civilian life.
In The Jennifer Morgue by Charles Stross, members of an occult branch of British intelligence can cast geasa.
In Geis of the Gargoyle by Piers Anthony, Gary Gargoyle, being a gargoyle, has a geis on him since Xanth began, and it is a magical compulsion to protect the purity of the Swan Knee River. However, the pollution from Mundania (the 'real world') has gotten out of hand, and it is up to Gary to place his geis on the philter to keep all of Xanth's water clean.
Some role-playing games mention geasa as "spells" or "powers", though these "geasa" are often only loosely inspired by the historical concept. For instance, in Dungeons & Dragons there are two such "spells": "lesser geas", which forces the victim to obey a command issued by the caster, and "geas/quest", which is much the same but with more severe penalties.^[38] In the game Runequest, initiates of certain cults take on geases that are closer to the historical concept.
- In the video game Wild ARMs 2 the character Brad is forced to wear a collar called a "Geas" (or "Geass") that will explode, causing his death, if he does not follow the orders of those who placed the collar on him. In this sense, the character Lynn in the film Saw III can be considered to be under the effect of a Geis/Geas, as the collar she wears will explode, ending her life, if she does not fulfill the condition of saving John's life.
- In the science fantasy role-playing game Shadowrun, a geas is a self-adopted restriction on magical abilities that allows them to retain full potency some of the time (for example, when intoxicated or at night) by making them completely unavailable whenever conditions are not met.
In the anime series Code Geass the main character, Lelouch Lamperouge, obtains an ability called "Geass" that allows him to make anyone who gazes into his left eye obey any single order unquestioningly, though it cannot work on the same person twice.
- Several other characters receive different powers by the same source of Lelouch (immortal beings named Code, once Geass-holder themselves). True to the original source, the Geass is a gift from the Code, specific to the individual and bound by rules.
In a 1964 short fantasy story "A Case of Identity" by Randall Garrett, one of the characters, a homicidal psychopath by nature, is mentally restrained by a spell called geas, "which forces him to limit his activities to those which are not dangerous to his fellow man".
In the Halo franchise, the Forerunner Lifeworkers have the ability to impose genetic commands on the target species, which can lay dormant or stay active for thousands of years. Using this, the Forerunner known as the Librarian imposed a broad geas on mankind (which resulted in the Spartan program, the creation of AI's, and the ability to operate Forerunner technology).
In Clark Ashton Smith's short story "The Seven Geases", a man hunting in the mountains encounters a mage whom he offends, and he is then placed under a series of geases, or curses of demanded obedience, that take him sequentially into the caves and through a series of ever-nastier groups of beings who pass him in turn onto others—seven in all. He does not survive.
In Henry H. Neff's The Tapestry, Max McDaniels is under the effects of two geasa; He cannot deny a dying wish, and he cannot knowingly kill his kin.

References[edit]

↑ "Balor of the Evil Eye". Next Generation. Imagine Media (10): 116–7. October 1995.
↑ The Death Witch. Samantha Stillman. 9 September 2019. Search this book on
↑ Rowling, J.K. (1999). Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ([Nachdr.]. ed.). London: Bloomsbury. p. 104. ISBN 0-7475-4629-0. Search this book on
↑ Armstrong, Philip (29 September 2016). The Isles of Winter: Part 1: Ra'an's People. ISBN 978-1535007191. Search this book on
↑ Scott, Michael (1993). House of the Dead. ISBN 978-0862783396. Search this book on
↑ "Teaching Tools | Resources for Teachers from Scholastic".
↑ "Details". Gatherer.wizards.com.
↑ "MultiverseID=126149". Gatherer.wizards.com.
↑ "Divine by Mistake (Partholon, #1)".
↑ "Treasure of the Sun". American Gods. Season 2. Episode 7. Starz.
↑ House of Manannan
↑ "New Steam Packet vessel to be named Manannan". Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Okells | Brewery". Archived from the original on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ The Case of the Fire Inside! (Bad Machinery)
↑ Crow, Andrea (29 April 2021). "Review: Blackbriar – The Cause of Shipwreck". Tuonela Magazine. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
↑ A Dying Fall. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2013. p. 362. ISBN 9780547793696. Search this book on
↑ Griffiths, Elly (2011). The Janus Stone. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 49. ISBN 9780547523545. Search this book on
↑ Griffiths, Elly (2012). A Room Full of Bones. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547506975. Search this book on
↑ Image of the Banshee as "Cromm-Cruach" in The Hound of Ulster
↑ The King's Wake at the Internet Movie Database.
↑ Kuroda, Makoto (March 2013). "Identity of Summoned Heroes : Aspects of Psyche and Phases of Persona in Fate/stay night". 和洋女子大学英文学会誌 (in 日本語). 和洋女子大学英文学会: 90. ISSN 0289-3940.
↑ Cuchulain at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe
↑ "Dunloy Cuchullains page at Ulster GAA Council website". Archived from the original on 9 January 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Cúchulainn Hurling club, Armagh GAA website
↑ Cúchulainn Gaels of Omeath Archived 19 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Louth GAA website
↑ "Cúchulainn G.A.A branded sportswear website". Archived from the original on 16 September 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ De la Salle Pipe Band 75th Anniversary celebrations, archived from the original on 10 October 2009, retrieved 24 September 2009 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "The Cú Chulainn Coaster - Tayto Park - Theme Park & Zoo". www.taytopark.ie. Retrieved 23 May 2018.
↑ "Coláiste Chú Chulainn claim final spot". Retrieved 23 May 2018.
↑ Inc., SQUARE ENIX. "Eorzea Database: Dun Scaith | FINAL FANTASY XIV, The Lodestone". FINAL FANTASY XIV, The Lodestone. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
↑ Inc., SQUARE ENIX. "Eorzea Database: Wind-up Scathach | FINAL FANTASY XIV, The Lodestone". FINAL FANTASY XIV, The Lodestone. Retrieved 2018-04-20.
↑ "The Dark Druid" Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine by Brannan, Timothy S., Games Unplugged (July 2002), p. 25
↑ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "フィン・マックール - 真・女神転生V 日めくり悪魔 Vol.003". YouTube.
↑ Hall, Joanne (9 March 2013). "The Hounds of the Morrigan by Pat O'Shea". Fantasy Faction. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
↑ admin. "Various - NIA BEN AUR - Music - Sain Records - Music from Wales". www.sainwales.com. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ MindLabs.net, Anne Shuff @. "Plays for Young Audiences". playsforyoungaudiences.org. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Spirit Horse – About the Play - Roseneath Theatre". roseneath.ca. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 4 May 2018. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Dungeons&Dragons 3.5: Geas / Quest, d20srd.org

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[1] "Balor of the Evil Eye". Next Generation. Imagine Media (10): 116–7. October 1995.

[2] The Death Witch. Samantha Stillman. 9 September 2019. Search this book on

[3] Rowling, J.K. (1999). Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban ([Nachdr.]. ed.). London: Bloomsbury. p. 104. ISBN 0-7475-4629-0. Search this book on

[4] Armstrong, Philip (29 September 2016). The Isles of Winter: Part 1: Ra'an's People. ISBN 978-1535007191. Search this book on

[5] Scott, Michael (1993). House of the Dead. ISBN 978-0862783396. Search this book on

[6] "Teaching Tools | Resources for Teachers from Scholastic".

[7] "Details". Gatherer.wizards.com.

[8] "MultiverseID=126149". Gatherer.wizards.com.

[9] "Divine by Mistake (Partholon, #1)".

[10] "Treasure of the Sun". American Gods. Season 2. Episode 7. Starz.

[11] House of Manannan

[12] "New Steam Packet vessel to be named Manannan". Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 8 October 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[13] "Okells | Brewery". Archived from the original on 14 October 2009. Retrieved 8 October 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[14] The Case of the Fire Inside! (Bad Machinery)

[15] Crow, Andrea (29 April 2021). "Review: Blackbriar – The Cause of Shipwreck". Tuonela Magazine. Retrieved 13 February 2022.

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[19] Image of the Banshee as "Cromm-Cruach" in The Hound of Ulster

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[21] Kuroda, Makoto (March 2013). "Identity of Summoned Heroes : Aspects of Psyche and Phases of Persona in Fate/stay night". 和洋女子大学英文学会誌 (in 日本語). 和洋女子大学英文学会: 90. ISSN 0289-3940.

[22] Cuchulain at The Appendix to the Handbook of the Marvel Universe

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[26] "Cúchulainn G.A.A branded sportswear website". Archived from the original on 16 September 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2009. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[27] De la Salle Pipe Band 75th Anniversary celebrations, archived from the original on 10 October 2009, retrieved 24 September 2009 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[28] "The Cú Chulainn Coaster - Tayto Park - Theme Park & Zoo". www.taytopark.ie. Retrieved 23 May 2018.

[29] "Coláiste Chú Chulainn claim final spot". Retrieved 23 May 2018.

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[31] Inc., SQUARE ENIX. "Eorzea Database: Wind-up Scathach | FINAL FANTASY XIV, The Lodestone". FINAL FANTASY XIV, The Lodestone. Retrieved 2018-04-20.

[32] "The Dark Druid" Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine by Brannan, Timothy S., Games Unplugged (July 2002), p. 25

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[DungeonsDragons-38] Dungeons&Dragons 3.5: Geas / Quest, d20srd.org

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Irish mythology in popular culture

Deities and supernatural characters[edit]

Badb[edit]

Balor[edit]

Banshee[edit]

Banshee behaviour in American popular culture[edit]

Animation[edit]

Video games[edit]

Comics[edit]

TV series[edit]

Other[edit]

Crom Cruach[edit]

The Dagda[edit]

Fand[edit]

Fomoiri[edit]

Lugh[edit]

Manannán mac Lir[edit]

The Morrígan[edit]

Selkie[edit]

Tuatha Dé Danann[edit]

Ulster Cycle[edit]

Bricriu[edit]

Caladbolg[edit]

Cathbad[edit]

Cú Chulainn[edit]

Deirdre[edit]

Medb[edit]

Scáthach[edit]

Táin Bó Cúailnge[edit]

Fenian Cycle[edit]

Diarmuid Ua Duibhne[edit]

Fionn mac Cumhaill[edit]

Oisín[edit]

Salmon of Knowledge[edit]

Mythical places[edit]

Hy-Brasil[edit]

Tír na nÓg[edit]

Festivals[edit]

Lughnasadh[edit]

Samhain[edit]

Miscellaneous[edit]

Geas/Geis[edit]

References[edit]

📰 Article(s) of the same category(ies)[edit]