James (1806 ship)
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom
| |
| Name: | James |
| Builder: | Spain |
| Launched: | 1802 |
| Acquired: | 1804[1] |
| Fate: | Condemned c.1808 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen: | 196 (bm) |
| Armament: | 6 × 9-pounder guns + 6 × 12-pounder carronades[1] |
James was launched in Spain in 1802, almost certainly under another name. She was captured in 1804 and became a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She made one complete enslaving voyage and was condemned after delivering her captives on her second enslaving voyage.
Career[edit]
James first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) and the Register of Shipping (RS) in 1806.[2][1]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806 | W.Hallason | Twemlow | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
| 1806 | Tyrer | McDowell | Liverpool–Africa | RS |
1st enslaving voyage (1806–1807): Captain Robert Tyrer sailed from Liverpool on 2 February 1806 and started acquiring slaves on the Gold Coast on 13 April. James left Africa on 6 June and arrived at St Vincent on 28 July, where she sold her captives. She sailed from St Vincent on 7 November and arrived back at Liverpool on 17 January 1807. She had left Liverpool with 28 crew members and she suffered one crew death on her voyage.[3]
The Slave Trade Act 1807, which forbade British vessels from engaging in the slave trade, was passed on 25 March 1807, and took effect on 1 May 1807. The act also required that the voyage be completed before 30 March 1808.
2nd enslaving voyage (1807–1808): Captain William Thompson sailed from Liverpool on 28 March,[4] that is, after the Act had passed, but before it took effect. His voyage was therefore legal. James acquired slaves at Gabon, and arrived at Barbados with 221 captives on 4 December, well before the deadline of 30 March 1808. She landed 28 and then sailed on to Demerara.[4]
Fate[edit]
After James arrived at Demerara she was condemned.[4][5] LR for 1808 carried the annotation "condemned".[6]
In 1807, 12 British slave ships were lost.[7] James almost certainly did not enter the statistics as she was not wrecked or captured, and had not foundered, but had merely become unseaworthy on her voyage in the Middle Passage, on her way from Africa to landing her captives in the West Indies. Still, during the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British slave vessels.[8]
Citations[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 RS (1806), "IJ" supple. pages.
- ↑ LR (1806), Supple. pages "IJ ", Seq.No.IJ5.
- ↑ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – James voyage #81974.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – James voyage #81975.
- ↑ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List (4243). 19 April 1808. hdl:2027/uc1.c2735023?urlappend=%3Bseq=279.
- ↑ LR (1808), Seq.No.J56.
- ↑ Inikori (1996), p. 62.
- ↑ Inikori (1996), p. 58.
References[edit]
- Inikori, Joseph (1996). "Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer. 83 (312): 53–92.
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