John Campbell
| John Campbell | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1957/1958 (age 66–67)[1] |
| 🏳️ Citizenship | United Kingdom |
| 🏫 Education | |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| YouTube information | ||||||||||
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| Channel | ||||||||||
| Years active | 2007–present | |||||||||
| Genre | Health | |||||||||
| Subscribers | 2.29 million | |||||||||
| Total views | 470 million | |||||||||
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| Updated 18 March 2022 | ||||||||||
John L. Campbell is a British YouTuber and retired nurse educator who has posted YouTube video commenting on the COVID-19 pandemic since January 2020 on his channel, Dr. John Campbell. Some of his videos contained misinformation. By January 2022, his videos had been viewed more than 429 million times.
Campbell has claimed that deaths from COVID-19 have been over-counted, repeatedly made false claims about the use of the anti-parasitic drug ivermectin as a COVID-19 treatment,[2] and spread misleading commentary about vaccine safety,[3][4][5]
Early life and education[edit]
Campbell spent his early life primarily in Stanwix, Cumbria.[6]
Campbell received a diploma in nursing from the University of London and Bachelor of Science in biology from the Open University. He subsequently earned a Master of Science in health science from the University of Lancaster and a Ph.D. in nursing education from the University of Bolton.[6] The doctorate was awarded in 2013 for work on developing teaching methods using digital media such as online videos.[6]
Career[edit]
Campbell worked as a nursing educator at the University of Cumbria, and has experience as an A&E nurse.[7] He has also taught health workers in India and Cambodia.[7] He is the author of Campbell's Physiology Notes and Campbell's Pathophysiology Notes nursing-related biosciences text books. A 2011 book review in Emergency Nurse magazine said Campbell's Physiology Notes was "excellent, inexpensive notes on the causes, pathophysiological changes and clinical features seen in disease processes".[8]
In 2008, Campbell established a YouTube channel to provide educational lectures on topics in health science and nursing.[9] With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, Campbell started started to focus on major issues related to the pandemic. Until 2020, his videos received, on average, several thousand views each but after starting to report on COVID-19 YouTube channel began to receive significant traffic.[9] Between February and March 2020, his channel increased from an average of 500,000 views per month to 9.6 million, the plurality of which originated from the United States.[10] By September 2020, his videos had been viewed more than 50 million times.[11] Campbell has spoken of the importance of "a calm and measured approach that is as informed as possible"[12] and aims to assist people in making informed decisions about their health, giving a counterbalance to what he perceived were other persons on social media "spreading absolutely bonkers – and sometimes dangerous – information".[10]
In August 2020, UNICEF's regional office for Europe and Central Asia cited Campbell's YouTube channel as an excellent example of how experts might engage with social media to combat misinformation,[13] citing a March 2020 briefing by Social Science in Action.[14]
COVID-19[edit]
Campbell began posting YouTube videos about COVID-19 daily in January 2020. In March 2020, he argued that China's COVID-19 statistics were grossly underestimated and argued that that US and UK were doing too little to contain COVID-19.[7] In September 2020, Campbell argued that more ventilation in pubs, restaurants and cafes was needed in addition to the the existing mitigations.[15]
COVID-19 misinformation[edit]
In November 2021, Campbell said in a video that ivermectin might have been responsible for a sudden decline in COVID-19 cases in Japan. However, the drug had never been officially authorised for such use in the country; its use was merely promoted by the chair of a non-governmental medical association in Tokyo, and it has no established benefit as a COVID-19 treatment.[2] Meaghan Kall, the lead epidemiologist for COVID-19 at the UK Health Security Agency, said that Campbell was confusing causation and correlation. Further, Kall said that there was no evidence of ivermectin being used in large numbers in Japan; rather, she said it "appears this was based on anecdata on social media driving wildly damaging misinformation".[2]
In March 2022, Campbell posted another video on ivermectin, in which he misrepresented a conference abstract to make the claim that it "unequivocally" showed ivermectin to be effective at reducing COVID-19 mortality, and that ivermectin was going to be a "huge scandal" because information about it had been suppressed. The authors of the study have had to rebut such misrepresentations of their paper; one tweeted that "people like John Campbell are calling this a 'great thought out study' when in reality it's an abstract with preliminary data. We have randomized controlled trials why are we still interested in retrospective cohort data abstracts?".[16]
In November 2021, Campbell quoted from a non-peer-reviewed journal abstract by Steven Gundry saying that mRNA vaccines might cause heart problems.[4] Campbell's video was viewed over 2 million times within a few weeks and was used by anti-vaccination activists as support for the misinformation that COVID-19 vaccination will cause a wave of heart attacks.[4] According to a FactCheck review, Campbell had in his video drawn attention to typos in the abstract, and a lack of methodology and data, but he did not mention the expression of concern that had been published for the abstract, saying instead that it could be "incredibly significant".[4]
In March 2022, Campbell posted a misleading video about the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, claiming that a Pfizer document showed it was associated with 1,223 deaths. The video was viewed over 750,000 times and shared widely on social media. In reality, the documents cited explicitly disclaimed any connection between vaccinations and deaths reported.[3] Campbell posted a follow-up video two days later acknowledging that he had wrongly assumed that the health associations were caused by the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, and apologising for his mistake, but has not removed the misleading video. [17]
A popular misconception throughout the pandemic has been that deaths have been overreported.[5] In January 2022, Campbell posted a YouTube video in which he cited figures from the UK's Office of National Statistics (ONS) suggesting they showed deaths from COVID-19 were "much lower than mainstream media seems to have been intimating" and concentrated on a figure of 17,371 death certificates where only COVID-19 was recorded as a cause of death. Within a few days the video had been viewed over 1.5 million times.[18] It was shared by British Conservative politician David Davis who called it "excellent" and said that it was "disentangling the statistics", and American comedian Jimmy Dore used it to claim that COVID-19 deaths had been overreported and that it proved the public had been the victim of a "scaremongering campaign".[19][5] The ONS responded by debunking the claims as spurious and wrong.[20] An ONS spokesman said "to suggest that [the 17,000] figure represents the real extent of deaths from the virus is both factually incorrect and highly misleading".[19] The official figure for COVID-19-related deaths in the UK for the period was over 175,000, in 140,000 of those cases the underlying cause of death was listed as COVID-19.[5][21]
Personal life[edit]
Campbell resides in Carlisle in the United Kingdom.[11] He has two children.[1]
Selected publications[edit]
- Campbell, John (2006). Campbell's Physiology Notes For Nurses. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-03241-1. Search this book on
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Retired doctor becomes YouTube sensation for coronavirus videos". news.com.au. March 15, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Satherley, Dan (26 November 2021). "Did mutations or ivermectin help stamp out Delta in Japan?". Newshub (Fact check). Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Carballo-Carbajal I (11 March 2022). "Pfizer's confidential document shows adverse events reported following vaccination; it doesn't demonstrate that the vaccine caused the events or is unsafe". Health Feedback.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Jaramillo, Catalina (16 December 2021). "No Credible Evidence COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines 'Dramatically Increase' Heart Attack Risk, Contrary to Flawed Abstract" (Fact check). FactCheck.org.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cercone, Jeff (22 January 2022). "No, death totals from COVID-19 in England have not been overstated". Politifact (Fact check). Poynter Institute.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 "Double Doctorates". Connect (Newsletter). University of Cumbria (Autumn): 7. 2013.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Doctor's virus videos go global". Newsroom. 23 March 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ↑ Evans R (2011). "Campbell's Physiology Notes". Emergency Nurse (Book review). 19 (3): 9. doi:10.7748/en.19.3.9.s3. PMID 27645791.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Harris, Margot (March 16, 2020). "An emergency nurse went viral on YouTube for his videos on the coronavirus, bringing in millions of views on his health and science lectures". Business Insider. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Marsh, Sarah (March 7, 2020). "UK manufacturers and YouTube medics see coronavirus surge". The Guardian. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Colley, Jacob (September 10, 2020). "Dr John Campbell makes coronavirus ventilation plea". News & Star. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ↑ Harris, Margot (March 16, 2020). "An emergency nurse went viral on YouTube for his videos on the coronavirus, bringing in millions of views on his health and science lectures". Insider. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
- ↑ Bianco V (August 2020). "Countering Online Misinformation—Resource Pack" (pdf). Tomsa S, Vasques MM, Stefanet S. UNICEF.
- ↑ Social Science in Humanitarian Action. "Key considerations: online information, mis- and disinformation in the context of COVID-19 (March 2020)" (PDF).
- ↑ "Doctor makes ventilation plea". The Westmorland Gazette. Retrieved 2022-03-30.
- ↑ Teoh F (10 March 2022). "Ivermectin wasn't shown to be more effective than remdesivir, contrary to claim by John Campbell". Health Feedback.
- ↑ "Long list of side effects to look out for". YouTube.
- ↑ Schraer, Rachel (29 January 2022). "Covid: Posts claiming only 17,000 died of virus 'factually incorrect'" (Reality check). BBC News.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 Whipple, Tom (28 January 2022). "ONS rejects '17,000 Covid deaths' claim". The Times. (subscription required)
- ↑ Davies, Caroline (28 January 2022). "ONS debunks 'spurious' Covid deaths claim shared by David Davis". The Guardian.
- ↑ "More or Less, Should you follow the 5 second rule? And does inflation hit the poorest harder?". BBC. 2022-01-26. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
Further reading[edit]
- Gorski D (15 November 2021). "Pfizer's new COVID-19 protease inhibitor drug is not just 'repackaged ivermectin'". Science-Based Medicine.
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