Kanyana Hole
| Kanyana Hole | |
|---|---|
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  | |
| Location | |
| Country | India |
| State | Kerala |
| District | Kasaragod district |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| - location | Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary, Kodagu |
| - coordinates | 12.4667°N 75.3000°E |
| - elevation | 350 m |
| Mouth | Chandragiri River |
- location | Near Kanyana village, Kasaragod district |
- coordinates | 12°28′00″N 75°15′00″E / 12.46667°N 75.25000°E Fatal error: The format of the coordinate could not be determined. Parsing failed. |
- elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 15 km (9.3 mi) |
| Basin size | 65 km2 (25 sq mi) |
Kanyana Hole is a perennial stream and left-bank tributary of the Chandragiri River in Kasaragod district, Kerala, India.[1] It originates in the Pushpagiri Wildlife Sanctuary in Kodagu district, Karnataka, and flows approximately 15 km through hilly forests before joining the Chandragiri near Kanyana village.[2]
Course
Kanyana Hole drains a basin of about 65 km2, spanning the Western Ghats foothills near Manjeshwar.[3] It aids in irrigation for rubber and spice plantations in the mid-reaches.[4]
Ecology
The Kanyana Hole traverses evergreen forest zones of the Pushpagiri Sanctuary, with riparian habitats featuring bamboo and wild ginger species.[5] It supports aquatic biodiversity including endemic loaches and mahseer, vital for sanctuary ecosystems, with monsoon flows enhancing nutrient transport.[6] Protection efforts include buffer zone afforestation to prevent encroachment and soil erosion.[7]
References
- ↑ "River System". Irrigation Design and Research Board, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ "About District". Kasaragod District Administration. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ "Kasaragod District Panchayat Profile" (PDF). Local Self Government Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ "Minor Irrigation Schemes". Irrigation Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ "Mogral, Chandragiri and Chittari Rivers". Environmental Information System, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ "Aquatic Ecosystems in Kerala". Kerala Forest Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
- ↑ "Eco-Development Committees". Kerala Forest Department, Government of Kerala. Retrieved 2025-11-02.
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