Kept on Wikipedia:Spanish solution
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In railway and rapid transit parlance, the Spanish solution is a station layout with two railway platforms, one on each side of the track.[1] This platform arrangement allows the separation of passenger streams by using one platform only for boarding and the other one only for alighting.[1] The concept of separate platforms for boarding and alighting has been proven effective at stations with high passenger numbers.[2]
The principle was first used in 1895 at the now closed King William Street tube station in London,[citation needed] but came into wide use on the Barcelona Metro in the 1930s, giving rise to its name.[citation needed] In the United States, the solution was first used in 1912 at Park Street Under on the MBTA's Red Line in Boston[dubious ], and at Chambers Street on the New York City Subway in 1913,[citation needed] where the center platform is now closed.[citation needed]
On people movers at airports there are often dedicated platforms for boarding and alighting.[citation needed] This can have the additional advantage of preventing travellers heading in the wrong direction when alighting, and ensuring passenger segregation.[citation needed] The same principle is often used on ferries, monorails, and cable cars, fairground rides such as roller coasters, lifts (for instance on the London Underground) and in buildings such as theaters.[citation needed]
At a terminal station where trains are uni-directional, it is advantageous for the center platform to be for boarding and the side platforms to be for alighting.[citation needed] This permits an incoming train to enter on either track and remain in the station until it is ready to begin the next trip.[citation needed]
Examples
Sé on the São Paulo Metro is a recent example. Line 1 Blue (Linha 1 - Azul, Norte-Sul or North-South) uses this model at stations like Sé, a busy station due to Line 3 integration, and Line 3 - Red (Linha 3 - Vermelha, Leste-Oeste or East-West) uses this at Sé, Republic (Estação República), Itaquera, Barra Funda, and Luz.
In Hong Kong, the former Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC; now part of MTR Corporation) reconstructed the platforms at the checkpoint terminus, Lo Wu Station, to a similar layout. When the train stops, the doors on the alighting platform open and all passengers get off. Then the doors close and the doors on the boarding platform open.
In France, the principle is applied at the Line B platforms at Jean Jaurès on the Toulouse Metro, where Lines A and B connect.
On the London Underground system, Loughton tube station was designed to allow interconnection across the platforms with trains from beyond, though it is no longer operated on the principle.
Other examples
Asia
China
- People's Republic of China
- All tracks of both Line 1 and Line 2 at Gongyuanqian station and Xilang on the Guangzhou Metro.
- In Shanghai, the southbound Line 8 tracks at People's Square and both eastbound tracks of Line 2 and Line 10 at Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 Station.
- Luohu Station and Futian Checkpoint Station of Shenzhen Metro
- In the Beijing Subway, Xizhimen Station Line 13 platforms, Terminal 3 Station, Songjiazhuang Station Yizhuang Line platforms, and Haidian Wuluju Station.
- Chengdu Metro Tianfu Square Line 1 platforms and South Railway Station Line 7 platforms.
- Tianjin Metro Tianjinzhan Station Line 9 Platforms
- Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 shuttle
- Hong Kong
- Lo Wu Station of MTR Hong Kong
- Choi Hung Station of MTR Hong Kong
- Hong Kong West Kowloon station of MTR Hong Kong
India
- Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
- First platform of Jogeshwari railway station.
- First platform of Kurla railway station.
- First platform of Dombivli railway station.
- First platform of Kanchrapara Railway Station
- North complex & Platform no 10 of Sealdah Railway Station
- Churchgate railway station
Japan
- Ikebukuro Station on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line and Tōbu Tōjō Line
- Sakuragichō Station on the Keihin-Tōhoku Line
- Keiō Line terminus at Shinjuku Station and Shibuya Station
- Odakyu Line terminus at Shinjuku Station
- Meitetsu Nagoya Station
- Hankyu's terminus at Umeda Station
- Hamamatsuchō Station northern terminus of the Tokyo Monorail
Korea
- Panam Station, the eastern terminus of Daejeon Subway Line 1
Malaysia
- KLIA AeroTrain terminus at KLIA Main Terminal Building & KLIA Satellite Terminal Building A
- KL Monorail terminus at KL Sentral Station & Titiwangsa Station
Singapore
- Sentosa Station terminus along Sentosa Express at VivoCity.
- Changi Airport Skytrain terminus at every terminal between separation between Public and Transit Area between Terminal 2 and Terminal 3.
- Choa Chu Kang (LRT platforms) is the first station in Singapore to have an Island Platform upgraded to a Spanish solution platform. The main platform is still for boarding while the side platforms are only for exiting. However, as the new platform lack lifts, mobility impaired passengers would need to use the main platform's lifts instead.
- At Jurong East Station, the eastbound platforms (platforms B and C) utilize the Spanish solution. Passengers that are transferring from the North South Line to the East West Line would also board from one side, and passengers transferring the other way alights from the other, as trains terminating at the station alternate between platform A and platforms D/E.
Thailand
Israel
Australasia
Australia
- Olympic Park railway station, Sydney (during major events)
- Skitube stations at Bullocks Flat and Perisher Valley
- Glanville, Brighton and Noarlunga Centre in Adelaide (one track only)
New Zealand
- Lambton station on the Wellington Cable Car in Wellington
- Newmarket station, middle track on the AT Metro in Auckland
Europe
Austria
- Meidling Hauptstraße Line U4 at the platform line of U6. This system ended when the U6 was re-routed to Längenfeldgasse.
- Stadion, on Vienna U-Bahn line U2, to allow faster boarding after events in the nearby Ernst-Happel-Stadion.
- Schottenring, on Vienna U-Bahn line U2 at the platform of line U4, as it was terminus of U2 until May 2008. Then, line U2 was extended to Stadion, Aspernstraße (October 2010) and Seestadt Aspern (October 2013).
Belgium
- Premetro tram stations between Brussels-South and Brussels-North on the North-South Brussels Metro, and Rogier on Line 2
Denmark
- Holte on S-train line B, north of Copenhagen
France
- Jean Jaurès, on Toulouse Metro line B
- Hôtel de ville - Louis Pradel, on Lyon Metro line C
- Charles de Gaulle – Étoile, on Paris Métro Line 6
Germany
- S-Bahn: München Hauptbahnhof[citation needed] and München Karlsplatz with island platform for boarding and side platforms for alighting,[3] Marienplatz with eastbound track at upper level and westbound track at lower level - both have separate platforms for boarding and alighting.
- Stuttgart Stadtbahn: Pragsattel, Mineralbäder
Greece
- Omonoia, Irini and Neo Faliro in Athens Metro Line 1.
Italy
- Cologno Nord, a terminus station of the Milan M2 metro.
Poland
- Warszawa Śródmieście in Warsaw – for many years until the late 1980s
Spain
- Barcelona Airport T2 station
- The train station at Barcelona airport has been updated from 2 tracks, each with a single platform; to a single track with a boarding platform one side and alighting platform on the other.
- Barcelona Metro
- Glòries, Clot, Navas, Fabra i Puig, Sant Andreu on line 1.
- Catalunya, Muntaner, La Bonanova, Sarrià and Avinguda Tibidabo on lines 6 and 7.
- Old Santa Eulàlia station (line 1), Catalunya line 1 temporary station, La Sagrera (lines 1 and 5), Passeig de Gràcia (line 3), Diagonal (line 3) and Correos ghost station (line 4) used to have this configuration.
- Madrid Metro
- Miguel Hernández on line 1.
- Campamento and Carabanchel on line 5.
- Avenida de América, Manuel Becerra, Sainz de Baranda, Pacífico, Plaza Elíptica, Oporto and Laguna on Line 6, and Pueblo Nuevo on Line 5.
- Lago and Plaza de España stations on line 10 had three platforms until the late 1990s.
Turkey
- Kızılay station on Ankara Metro M1 line.
- Otogar(Coach Station) station on Istanbul Metro M1 line
- Yenikapı station on Istanbul Metro M2 line
- Bostancı station on Istanbul Metro M4 line
United Kingdom
- Tower Gateway station was rebuilt from a two-platform island terminus to a two-platform single-track terminus, though in practice passengers are directed to alight via the north platform face and board via the south platform face.
- Gatwick Airport shuttle train between North and South terminals. Passengers wait on a central island platform & alight on side platforms
- shuttle transit beneath A, B and C gates at London Heathrow Terminal 5. In this particular example, it is used to maintain separation of arrivals & departures.
Stations where there are two platforms for one track, but passengers can board and alight from either side:
- Docklands Light Railway (DLR)
- Canary Wharf has six platforms serving three tracks. The central two island platforms are used for interchange between terminating & through trains & access from the ticket office while the side platforms have access into a shopping centre.
- London Underground
- Barking - eastbound District line
- Stratford - westbound Central line. Island platform for simpler interchange route to commuter rail & side platform for simpler access route to DLR platforms.
- Golders Green - turnback (reversible) line. The northbound line could be used this way, but platform 1 currently can only be accessed through a staff only area.
- Morden - platforms 3 and 4 of the three-track terminus (platform 1 is out of use, with doors opening onto platform 2)
- Uxbridge and Cockfosters - three-track termini where the centre track shares platform islands with the outer tracks
- White City and Loughton - central track which can be used by terminating trains from either direction; Spanish solution is used to maintain interchange.
- Manchester Metrolink
- Manchester Victoria station - station design under construction gives a central platform for cross-platform interchange onto and off services via Second City Crossing
- National Rail
- Finsbury Park - platforms 6 and 7 (doors generally open only on platform 7 as platform 5 is passed by high speed trains). Normally used by local services from London King's Cross.
- Guildford - platforms 6 and 7 flank the same track, but trains serve only Platform 6. Platform 7 forms an island with Platform 8. This is due to the live third rail on the side of Platform 7.
- Norwood Junction - platforms 1 and 2, "Up Local". Trains serve only Platform 1, as live third rail is on the side of Platform 2.
- Preserved Railways
- Horsted Keynes on the Bluebell Railway - platforms 4 and 5
North America
Canada
- Toronto subway (Ontario)
- Kennedy station on Line 3 Scarborough
- Sheppard–Yonge station on Line 4 Sheppard – Spanish solution in place but not in use.
- GO Transit (Ontario)
- Union Station on the Lakeshore West line and Lakeshore East line
- Markham GO Station on the Stouffville line
- TransLink (British Columbia)
- SeaBus - Lonsdale Quay and Waterfront station – A marine application of the Spanish solution, in place since 1977.
- SkyTrain – Commercial–Broadway station – A new platform is being constructed on the east side of platform 3 to allow Waterfront-bound Expo Line trains extra platform capacity and is expected to be complete in mid-2018.[4] Doors on the right of the train will open to allow passengers to alight and doors on the left side will open after a short delay to allow passengers to board.
United States
- Some stations in the New York City Subway are designed in the Spanish solution, but the side platforms at many of these stations have been closed:
- Woodlawn (side platforms closed)
- Wakefield–241st Street (side platforms closed)
- Pelham Bay Park (side platforms closed)
- Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street (side platform closed)
- 96th Street (local tracks only, side platforms covered)
- 59th Street–Columbus Circle (express tracks only, center platform closed)
- 14th Street–Union Square (local tracks only, side platforms covered)
- Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall (local tracks only, side platforms covered)
- Chambers Street (easternmost three tracks only, formerly all tracks, center and eastern platform closed)
- Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (Fulton Street line express tracks only, outer platforms closed)
- Bowling Green (mainline tracks only; easternmost island platform has since been fenced off to northbound trains, and westernmost island platform has since been closed)
- Other stations, mainly express stations on three-track lines, have a Spanish solution for the middle track, but trains only open the doors on only one side, depending on the direction of travel, unless the station is being used as a terminal.
- Five PATH stations in New York City and New Jersey use at least some form of Spanish solution:
- 33rd Street (all three tracks) in Manhattan, New York
- Hoboken Terminal (southern two tracks only) in Hoboken, New Jersey
- Newark Penn Station (Manhattan-bound track only) in Newark, New Jersey
- Newport (northbound track only) in Jersey City, New Jersey
- World Trade Center (tracks 2 and 5 only) in Manhattan, New York
- Long Island Rail Road in the eastern suburbs of New York City:
- Jamaica (tracks 2 and 7 only) in Jamaica, New York. Three trains are often timed to arrive at tracks 1–3 and tracks 6–8, allowing passengers to walk through the center train to transfer between trains on the outer tracks
- Babylon in Babylon, New York (track 2 only)
- Hicksville in Hicksville, New York (track 2 only)
- Ronkonkoma in Ronkonkoma, New York
- Metro-North Railroad in the northern suburbs of New York City:
- Stamford (two tracks only) in Stamford, Connecticut
- White Plains (outbound trains only) in White Plains, New York
- The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority in Boston, Massachusetts:
- Park Street lower level (Red Line)
- Community College, Sullivan Square and Wellington on the Orange Line (all three outbound only)
- Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority in Atlanta, Georgia:
- Five Points
- Lindbergh Center (northbound only)
- Walt Disney World Monorail System in Bay Lake, Florida:
- Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, Pennsylvania: Philadelphia International Airport Terminals A, B, and C & D on the SEPTA Airport Line use a form of the Spanish solution, because baggage claim at the airport is in a separate building connected to the main airport terminals by skyways. At these stations, there are two tracks, with a single island platform between them used both by all alighting passengers and by those boarding passengers who have not arrived from baggage claim (including both travelers with no checked baggage and airport workers), and a single side platform dedicated to boarding passengers who have arrived from baggage claim.
- Airport people movers:
- Denver International Airport: the airside people mover station underneath the Jeppesen Terminal is configured with passengers boarding from the central platform and alighting to the side platforms.
- Pittsburgh International Airport
- Orlando International Airport
- Tampa International Airport
- McCarran International Airport (Las Vegas)
- Washington Dulles International Airport
- Sacramento
Mexico
- Metro Chabacano on lines 2, 8, and 9 of the Mexico City Metro
- Salto del Agua, Bellas Artes, and Garibaldi Lagunilla on line 8 of the Mexico City Metro
South America
Argentina
- Constitución and Retiro on Line C in Buenos Aires
Brazil
Venezuela
- Simón Bolívar commuter rail station in Caracas.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Olshausen, Hans-Gustav (9 March 2013). VDI-Lexikon Bauingenieurwesen [VDI-Lexikon civil engineering] (in German) (2nd ed.). Springer-Verlag. p. 63. ISBN 978-3-642-48098-0.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
- ↑ Fendrich, Lothar (25 January 2007). Handbuch Eisenbahninfrastruktur [Railway infrastructure handbook] (in German). Springer-Verlag. pp. 36, 37. ISBN 9783540317074.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
- ↑ Walter, Dirk (1 April 2017). "So wird Münchens zweite S-Bahn-Röhre" [This is how Munich's second S-Bahn-tube will be like]. ovb-online.de (in German). Oberbayerisches Volksblatt GmbH & Co. Medienhaus KG. Retrieved 21 October 2018.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ "Commercial–Broadway Station Upgrades". translink.ca. TransLink. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
External links
Media related to Spanish solution at Wikimedia Commons
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