Khoodi Mullah
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| Chief Minister Khoodi Mullah Jotedar | |
|---|---|
 Khoodi Mollah.jpg | |
| Native name | খুদি মোল্লা |
| Born | 19th-century Jagtala, Bengal Presidency |
| 💀Died | 19th-century British Raj19th-century |
| 💼 Occupation | |
Khoodi Mullah (Bengali: খুদি মোল্লা) was a Bengali jotedar, mullah and activist.[1] He was one of the main ringleaders of the Pabna Peasant Uprisings, a resistance movement against the zamindars of Bengal during the Company Raj.[2]
Early life and education[edit]
Khoodi Mullah was born in the 19th-century to a Bengali Muslim family of wealthy jotedars from the village of Jagtala,[3] [note 1] in the Yusufshahi pargana (now Sirajganj) of Pabna District.[5] Although his birth name is not known, he became renowned as "Khoodi Mullah" in greater Pabna after completing his Islamic studies to a sufficient level.
Rebellion[edit]
As a jotedar, Mullah was subordinate to the zamindars (feudal lords) and fell out with them as a result of their oppression on both smaller landowners as well as peasants. Subsequently, Mullah gathered a large group of supporters to challenge the Sanyals of Sallop who were the local zamindars.[6] His movement grew in popularity in his locality.[7] Mullah then coalesced with other rebel leaders in Pabna to form the Pabna Raiyats' League. They declared independence for those under zamindar-controlled areas. The League announced Khoodi Mullah as the chief minister in May 1873.[8] Other members of the League and its independent assembly include Ramzan Sarkar of Dhuliabari who acted as naib, Zaker Joarder of Arkandi who acted as gomashta, Rahim Pramanik of Rupshi who acted as sardar,[9] Arbin Mridha of Maharajpur who acted as mridha as well as Mohar Choukidar of Pechkola, Nathu Sheikh of Haturia, Ramzan of Nakulia and others.[10] In June 1873, Khudi Mollah organised a rebel army to fight with the lathial forces of zamindars in Shahzadpur, transforming the League from a lawful advocacy group to a violent organisation. On 3 July, he was name-dropped in the Amrita Bazar Patrika to be one of three leading insurgents of the Pabna Peasant Uprisings.[4] The Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, Sir George Campbell, intervened and guaranteed his support to the peasantry. Mullah filed several court cases.[11] Campbell then pressured the zamindars and their supporter, the Duke of Argyll, to ease taxes on their ryots and abide by the law when dealing with tenants. The Rent Law Act of 1885 was subsequently enacted which subsided the uprising.[12]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ Ray, Rajat Kanta (1984). Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal, 1875-1927. Oxford University Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780195616545. Search this book on
- ↑ Mitra, Hitendra (1983). Tagore Without Illusions. Sanyal Prakashan. p. 77. Search this book on
- ↑ Sen, Asoka Kumar (1992). The Popular Uprising and the Intelligentsia: Bengal Between 1855-1873. Firma KLM. p. 89. Search this book on
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Saha, Panchanan (2005). Two Faces of British Rule in India. Biswabiksha. p. 78. ISBN 9788190195942. Search this book on
- ↑ Chattopadhyay, Manju (1985). Petition to Agitation, Bengal, 1857-1885. K. P. Bagchi. pp. 37, 40. ISBN 9780836416213. Search this book on
- ↑ Ghildiyal, Sanjay (2008). "Leadership in nineteenth century peasant movements: A historiography review". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 69.
- ↑ Choudhury, Nurul H. (2001). Peasant Radicalism in Nineteenth Century Bengal: The Faraizi, Indigo, and Pabna Movements. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. p. 142. Search this book on
- ↑ Bangladesh Historical Studies. 17. Bangladesh Itihas Samiti. 1998. p. 43. Search this book on
- ↑ Basu, Svapana (1984). গণ-অসন্তোষ ও উনিশ শতকের বাঙালীসমাজ (in Bengali). p. 83. Search this book on
- ↑ Mamoon, Muntassir (1985). উনিশ শতকে বাংলাদেশের সংবাদ-সাময়িকপত্র, ১৮৪৭-১৯০৫ (in Bengali). 2. Bangla Academy. p. 14. Search this book on
- ↑ Palit, Chittabrata (1998). Tensions in Bengal Rural Society: Landlords, Planters and Colonial Rule, 1830-1860. Sangam. ISBN 9780863116032. Search this book on
- ↑ Kalyan Kumar Sen Gupta; Pabna Disturbances and the Politics of Rent 1873–1885; New Delhi 1974
Notes[edit]
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