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Kinetic term

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In physics, a kinetic term is the part of the Lagrangian that is bilinear in the fields (and for nonlinear sigma models, they are not even bilinear[clarification needed]), and usually contains two derivatives with respect to time (or space); in the case of fermions, the kinetic term usually has one derivative only. The equation of motion derived from such a Lagrangian contains differential operators which are generated by the kinetic term. Unitarity requires kinetic terms to be positive.

In mechanics, the kinetic term is

T=12x˙2=12(xt)2.

In quantum field theory, the kinetic terms for real scalar fields, electromagnetic field and Dirac field are

T=12μΦμΦ+14g2FμνFμν+iψ¯γμμψ.



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