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List of Electric Urban Rail Systems in Europe

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki

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This is a list of Rapid Transit systems and frequent heavy rail systems that serve urban areas and are used for intracity transport. This list does not include tram (including Stadtbahn) systems.

City Country/

region

Name Type Service

opened

Last

expanded

Stations Lines System length Annual ridership

(millions)

Vienna  Austria Vienna U-Bahn Rapid Transit 1978[1][Nb 1] 2017[2] 98[3] 5 83.3 km (51.8 mi)[1] 459.8 (2019)[R 1]
Minsk  Belarus Minsk Metro Rapid Transit 1984[4] 2020[4] 30[5] 3 40.8 km (25.4 mi)[5] 225.9 (2022)[R 2]
Brussels  Belgium Brussels Metro Rapid Transit
Charleroi Belgium M4 Light Metro 1992
Sofia  Bulgaria Sofia Metro Rapid Transit 1998[6] 2021[7] 47[7] 4 52 km (32 mi)[7] 92.4 (2019)[R 3]
Prague  Czech Republic Prague Metro Rapid Transit 1974[8] 2015[Nb 2] 58[9] 3 65.4 km (40.6 mi)[10] 251.4 (2020)[R 4]
Copenhagen Denmark S-Tog Frequent Heavy Rail 1934
Copenhagen Metro Light Metro 2002[11] 2020[11] 39[12] 4 38.2 km (23.7 mi)[12] 107 (2022)[R 5]
Helsinki  Finland Helsinki Metro Rapid Transit 1982 2022[Nb 3][13] 30[14] 2 43 km (27 mi)[15] 69.9 (2022)[R 6]
Lille  France Lille Metro Light Metro 1983[16] 2000[16] 60[17] 2 45 km (28 mi)[17] 109.44 (2022)[R 7]
Lyon  France Lyon Metro Rapid Transit 1978[18] 2023 42[19] 4 34.4 km (21.4 mi)[19] 194.58 (2022)[R 8]
Marseille  France Marseille Metro Rapid Transit 1977 2019 29[20] 2 22.7 km (14.1 mi)[20] 67.28 (2022)[R 9]
Paris  France Paris Métro Rapid Transit 1900[21] 2022[22] 308[23] 16 226.9 km (141.0 mi)[24] 1,339.3 (2022)[R 10][R 11][R Nb 1]
Rennes  France Rennes Metro Light Metro 2002 2022 28 2 22.4 km (13.9 mi) 42.02 (2022)[R 12]
Toulouse  France Toulouse Metro Light Metro 1993[25] 2007[25][Nb 4] 37[26] 2 28.2 km (17.5 mi)[25] 103.7 (2022)[R 13]
Berlin Germany Berlin S-Bahn Rapid Transit 1924
Berlin U-Bahn Rapid Transit 1902
Essen Germany U18 Light Metro 1977 1
Hamburg  Germany Hamburg S-bahn Rapid Transit 1908 3[Nb 5]
Hamburg U-Bahn Rapid Transit 1912[27] 2019[28] 93[29] 4 106 km (66 mi)[29] 195.8 (2022)[R 14]
Munich  Germany Munich U-Bahn Rapid Transit 1971[30] 2010[Nb 6] 96[30] 8 95 km (59 mi)[30] 254 (2021)[R 15]
Nuremberg  Germany Nuremberg U-Bahn Rapid Transit 1972 2020[31][32] 49[32] 3 38.4 km (23.9 mi)[32] 71.8 (2021)[R 16]
Athens  Greece Athens Metro[Nb 7] Rapid Transit 1904[35][Nb 8] 2022[36] 66[37] 3 91.7 km (57.0 mi)[33] 259.2 (2018)[R 17][R Nb 2]
Budapest Hungary Budapest Metro Rapid Transit 1896 2014[38] 48 4 39.2 km (24.4 mi)[38][39] 211.6 (2021)[R 18]
BHEV Frequent Heavy Rail 1951 5
Dublin Ireland DART Frequent Heavy Rail 1984 2000 1
Brescia  Italy Brescia Metro Light Metro 2013[40] – 17[41] 1 13.7 km (8.5 mi)[41] 18.7 (2019)[R 19]
Catania  Italy Catania Metro Light Metro 1999[42] 2021[Nb 9][43] 10[44] 1 8.8 km (5.5 mi) 6.5 (2019)[R 20]
Genoa  Italy Genoa Metro Light Metro 1990[45] 2012[45] 8[45] 1 7.1 km (4.4 mi)[45] 15.3 (2018)[R 21][R Nb 3]
Milan  Italy Milan Metro Rapid Transit 1964[46] 2023[46] 113[Nb 10] 5 104.1 km (64.7 mi)[48] 387.2 (2019)[R 22]
Naples  Italy Naples Metro Rapid Transit (lines 1, 6, 11)

Frequent Heavy Rail (Line 2)

1925 2021
Rome  Italy Rome Metro Rapid Transit 1955 2018[49] 73[50] 3 60 km (37 mi)[51][52] 320 (2018)[R 23]
Metromare Frequent Heavy Rail
Roma Viturbo Frequent Heavy Rail 1932
Turin  Italy Turin Metro Light Metro 2006[53] 2021[54] 23[53][54] 1 15.1 km (9.4 mi)[54] 42.5 (2018)[R 24]
Amsterdam  Netherlands Amsterdam Metro Rapid Transit 1977 2018[55] 39[56] 5 41.2 km (25.6 mi) 111.3 (2019)[R 25][R Nb 4]
Rotterdam  Netherlands Rotterdam Metro[Nb 11] Rapid Transit 1968 2023 71 5 102.3 km (63.6 mi)[57] 99 (2019)[R 26]
Oslo  Norway Oslo Metro[Nb 12] Rapid Transit 1966[Nb 13] 2016[Nb 14] 101 5 85 km (53 mi)[58] 74 (2020)[R 27]
Gdansk Poland SKM Frequent Heavy Rail 1951
Warsaw  Poland Warsaw Metro Rapid Transit 1995 2022[59] 39 2 41.2 km (25.6 mi) 195.4 (2019)[R 28]
Lisbon  Portugal Lisbon Metro Rapid Transit 1959[60] 2016[60] 50[60] 4 44.2 km (27.5 mi)[60] 184.6 (2019)[R 29]
Bucharest  Romania Bucharest Metro Rapid Transit 1979[61] 2023[62] 64[63] 5 80.1 km (49.8 mi)[63] 179.2 (2019)[R 30]
Kazan  Russia Kazan Metro[64] Rapid Transit 2005 2018[65] 11[66] 1 16.8 km (10.4 mi)[66] 30.5 (2022)[R 31]
Moscow  Russia Moscow Metro[67] Rapid Transit,

Frequent Heavy Rail (Line 14)

1935 2023 229[Nb 15][68] 15 514.5 km (319.7 mi)[68] 2,061.8 (2022)[R 32]
Moscow Central Diameters Frequent Heavy Rail 2016
Nizhny Novgorod  Russia Nizhny Novgorod Metro Rapid Transit 1985 2018[69] 15[69] 2 21.4 km (13.3 mi) 29.9 (2022)[R 33]
Novosibirsk  Russia Novosibirsk Metro Rapid Transit 1986 2010[70] 14[71] 2 15.9 km (9.9 mi)[71] 77.3 (2022)[R 33]
Saint Petersburg  Russia Saint Petersburg Metro Rapid Transit 1955 2019[72] 72[Nb 16][73] 5 124.8 km (77.5 mi)[73] 649 (2022)[R 33]
Samara  Russia Samara Metro Rapid Transit 1987[74] 2015[75] 10[71] 1 11.6 km (7.2 mi)[71] 11.2 (2022)[R 33]
Yekaterinburg  Russia Yekaterinburg Metro Rapid Transit 1991 2012[76] 9[71] 1 12.7 km (7.9 mi)[71] 38.9 (2022)[R 33]
Barcelona  Spain Barcelona Metro Rapid Transit 1924 2021[77] 132[Nb 17][78] 12 128.3 km (79.7 mi)[78] 371.7 (2022)[R 34]
Valles Metro Frequent Heavy Rail 1924 4
Baix Llobregat Metro Frequent Heavy Rail 1912 1
Bilbao  Spain Metro Bilbao Rapid Transit,

Frequent Heavy Rail (L3)

1995[79] 2020[80][81] 48 3
Madrid  Spain Madrid Metro[Nb 18] Rapid Transit 1919[82] 2019[83] 242[84] 13 293.9 km (182.6 mi)[84] 571.7 (2022)[R 35]
Palma  Spain Palma Metro Light Metro (M1), Frequent Heavy Rail (M2) 2007 2013 2
Seville  Spain Seville Metro Light Metro 2009 1
Valencia  Spain Metrovalencia Frequent Heavy Rail 1988
Stockholm  Sweden Stockholm Metro Rapid Transit 1950[85][Nb 19] 1994[85] 100[86] 7 108 km (67 mi)[86] 462 (2019)[R 36][R Nb 5]
Saltsjöbanan[Nb 12] Light Metro 1893
Lidingöbanan[Nb 12] Light Metro 1912
Lausanne   Switzerland Lausanne Métro[Nb 20] Light Metro 2008[87] – 14 1 5.9 km (3.7 mi) 32.8 (2019)[R 37][R Nb 6]
Dnipro  Ukraine Dnipro Metro Rapid Transit 1995 – 6[88] 1 7.8 km (4.8 mi)[88] 7.5 (2018)[R 38]
Kharkiv  Ukraine Kharkiv Metro Rapid Transit 1975 2016 30[89] 3 38.7 km (24.0 mi)[89] 231.1 (2018)[R 39]
Kyiv  Ukraine Kyiv Metro Rapid Transit 1960 2013 52[90] 3 67.7 km (42.1 mi)[90] 496.1 (2018)[R 40]
Kyiv City Express Frequent Heavy Rail
Livoberezhna line[Nb 21] Light Metro 2012 7 1
Kryvyi Rih Ukraine Kryvyi Rih Metrotram[Nb 22] Light Metro 1986
Glasgow  United Kingdom Glasgow Subway Light Metro 1896[91] – 15[91] 1 10.4 km (6.5 mi)[91] 11.9 (2022*)[R 41]
Liverpool  United Kingdom Merseyrail Frequent Heavy Rail 1903 2023
London  United Kingdom London Underground[92] Rapid Transit 1863[93][Nb 23] 2021[93] 272[94] 11 402 km (250 mi)[94] 1,026 (2022*)[R 42][R Nb 7]
Docklands Light Railway Light Metro 1987[95] 2011[95] 45[95] 7 34 km (21 mi) 92.3 (2022*)[R 43]
Elizabeth Line Frequent Heavy Rail 2022 2023 41 1 117 km (73 mi)
Overground Frequent Heavy Rail 1997
Newcastle  United Kingdom Tyne and Wear Metro[Nb 12] Light Metro 1980 2008 60 2 77.5 km (48.2 mi) 29.3 (2022*)[R 44]

Notes[edit]

  1. ↑ Does not include ridership on the RER/Transilien (941 million in 2021) and the Tramways (266 million).
  2. ↑ This ridership figure is the sum of the two "Μετρό" figures (Γ1 line, or "Ηλεκτρικός", formerly ran by IASA and Γ2 - Γ3 lines, formerly ran by AMEL) from the OAΣA's 2018 Activity Report.
  3. ↑ Figure extrapolated from 42 000 average daily boardings
  4. ↑ This figure includes in full the ridership on Amstelveen Line until March 2019, when route 51 was curtailed at Zuid Station.
  5. ↑ Figure extrapolated from 1 265 900 average daily boardings.
  6. ↑ Ridership figure is for rapid transit Line M2 only; ridership on the light rail M1 line is excluded.
  7. ↑ Does not include ridership on the separate Docklands Light Railway (39.9 million), London Overground (53.8 million), Tramlink or National Rail systems within Greater London.
  1. ↑ "Facts & Figures – Operating Data 2019" (PDF). Wiener Linien. June 2020. p. 1. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
  2. ↑ Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2022 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways in Year 2022] (PDF) (in русский). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  3. ↑ Ilkova, A., ed. (9 June 2021). "Statistical Yearbook 2020" (PDF). www.nsi.bg. National Statistical Institute. p. 348. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  4. ↑ "Výroční Zpráva 2020" [Annual Report 2020] (PDF) (in čeština). Prague: Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy (DPP). April 2021. p. 25. Retrieved 2021-08-28.
  5. ↑ "Metroens passagertal" [Ridership figures of the metro] (in dansk). Metroselskabet. Retrieved 2021-02-22.
  6. ↑ "Vuosi 2022 lukuina" (in suomi). Helsinki Regional Transport Authority (HSL). Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-24. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ STRMTG - Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés (December 20, 2023). MTR Rapport annuel sur le parc, le trafic et les événements d'exploitation des métros et RER de 2022 (Report). Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  8. ↑ STRMTG - Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés (December 20, 2023). MTR Rapport annuel sur le parc, le trafic et les événements d'exploitation des métros et RER de 2022 (Report). Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  9. ↑ STRMTG - Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés (December 20, 2023). MTR Rapport annuel sur le parc, le trafic et les événements d'exploitation des métros et RER de 2022 (Report). Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  10. ↑ "Résultats annuels 2022 du groupe RATP - Corporate | RATP". www.ratp.fr. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  11. ↑ "Trafic annuel et journalier" (in français). Île-de-France Mobilités (OMNIL). 2022-07-22. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-06. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ STRMTG - Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés (December 20, 2023). MTR Rapport annuel sur le parc, le trafic et les événements d'exploitation des métros et RER de 2022 (Report). Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  13. ↑ STRMTG - Service Technique des Remontées Mécaniques et des Transports Guidés (December 20, 2023). MTR Rapport annuel sur le parc, le trafic et les événements d'exploitation des métros et RER de 2022 (Report). Retrieved January 11, 2024.
  14. ↑ "Unternehmens- und Nachhaltigkeitsbericht 2022" [Corporate and Sustainability Report 2022] (PDF) (in Deutsch). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. p. 72. Retrieved 2023-06-16. Unknown parameter |orig-date= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "MVG in figures" (PDF). Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG). 2022-05-17. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  16. ↑ "Zahlen. Daten. Fakten 2021" (in Deutsch). Verkehrsverbund Großraum Nürnberg (VGN). 2022-09-29. p. 16. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-07. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ Έκθεση Πεπραγμένων 2018 [2018 Activity Report] (PDF) (in Ελληνικά). OAΣA - Οργανισμός Αστικών Συγκοινωνιών Αθηνών [Athens Urban Transport Organisation]. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-03-03. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ "Urban passenger traffic in Hungary and Budapest by mode of transport". Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  19. ↑ "Trasporto Pubblico Locale" (PDF). comune.brescia.it (in italiano). Città di Brescia. Retrieved 2020-02-22.
  20. ↑ https://catania.mobilita.org/opere/metropolitana-di-catania-storia-e-sviluppi-futuri/
  21. ↑ "La metropolitana più affollata d'Italia, ecco la classifica con tutti i numeri delle principali città". 17 October 2017.
  22. ↑ "Bilancio Consolidato del Gruppo ATM e Bilancio di Esercizio di ATM S.p.A. 2019" (PDF) (in italiano). Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) SpA. April 2020. p. 32. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
  23. ↑ Filippi, Pier Paolo (25 August 2019). "L'Atac perde passeggeri, via uno su 5 in dieci anni: "Troppi guasti e incendi"" [Atac loses passengers, one in five in ten years: «Too many breakdowns and fires»]. Il Messaggero (in italiano). Caltagirone Editore. Retrieved 2019-08-25.
  24. ↑ Ricca, Jacopo (13 March 2019). "Due minuti e 17 secondi, torna alla normalità la metropolitana di Torino" [Two minutes and 17 seconds, Turin Metro goes back to normal]. la Repubblica (in italiano). GEDI Gruppo Editoriale S.p.A. Retrieved 2019-06-13.
  25. ↑ "Jaarverslag 2019" [2019 Annual Report] (PDF) (in Nederlands). GVB Holding NV. p. 42. Retrieved 2020-06-06.
  26. ↑ "Nog meer metro's in spits op Randstadrail" [Even more metro trains in rush hour on Randstadrail]. RTV Rijnmond (in Nederlands). 30 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-26.
  27. ↑ "Nøkkeltall" [Key figures] (in norsk). Ruter As. March 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  28. ↑ "Raport Roczny 2019" [Annual report 2019] (PDF). Metro Warszawskie Sp. z o.o. 2020. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2021. Retrieved 2020-09-20. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ "Metro em números" [Metro in numbers] (in português). Metropolitano de Lisboa E.P.E. Archived from the original on 28 August 2020. Retrieved 2021-02-26. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  30. ↑ "Activity Report 2019" (PDF). Metrorex S.A. p. 36. Retrieved 2020-12-19.
  31. ↑ Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2022 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways in Year 2022] (PDF) (in русский). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  32. ↑ Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2022 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways in Year 2022] (PDF) (in русский). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2022 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways in Year 2022] (PDF) (in русский). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  34. ↑ "Basic data 2022" (PDF). Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). Retrieved 2023-07-13.
  35. ↑ "Evolución de la demanda - Informe 2022" (PDF) (in español). Metro de Madrid. 2022. Retrieved 2023-06-13.
  36. ↑ [1] p.67
  37. ↑ "Rapport d'activité 2019" [2019 activity report] (PDF) (in français). Transports publics de la région lausannoise (tl). May 2020. p. 23. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  38. ↑ Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode] (PDF). www.dneprstat.gov.ua (in українська). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  39. ↑ Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kh.ukrstat.gov.ua (in українська). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 2021-09-14. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) (You can select English from the language dropdown)
  40. ↑ Кількість перевезених пасажирів за видами транспорту [Number of passengers carried by transport mode]. kyiv.ukrstat.gov.ua (in українська). Державна служба статистики України [State statistic service of Ukraine]. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  41. ↑ Department for Transport (2023-09-05), Light rail and tram statistics (LRT), archived from the original on 2023-09-29, retrieved 2024-01-12 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ Transport for London (2023-02-04). "Public Transport Journeys by Type of Transport". London Datastore. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  43. ↑ Department for Transport (2023-09-05), Light rail and tram statistics (LRT), archived from the original on 2023-09-29, retrieved 2024-01-12 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  44. ↑ Department for Transport (2023-09-05), Light rail and tram statistics (LRT), archived from the original on 2023-09-29, retrieved 2024-01-12 Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  1. ↑ Vienna's Metropolitan Railway (Wiener Stadtbahn) first opened for service in 1898, operating steam locomotive trains on mostly elevated or underground ROWs. From 1976 onwards, part of it was integrated into the newly established Vienna U-Bahn system (lines U4 and U6), operating as a modern metro.
  2. ↑ Line A was extended in April 2015.
  3. ↑ Opening of the Länsimetro extension on 3 December 2022.
  4. ↑ Opening of Toulouse Metro Line B.
  5. ↑ Does not include the heavy rail suburban S5 line
  6. ↑ The U3 extension from Olympia-Einkaufszentrum (OEZ) to Moosach.
  7. ↑ The Blue Line (Line 3) also has a 20.7 km (12.9 mi) section (with 4 stations) to the airport that is owned by the Hellenic Railways Organisation and is mainly used by the suburban railway system.[33][34]
  8. ↑ The Green Line (Line 1), operated until 2011 by Athens–Piraeus Electric Railways, was opened in 1869 as a steam train railway line. It was electrified in 1904, extended with underground sections through the city in 1948, and extended to its full length to Kifissia in 1957 using the right-of-way of a former metre gauge suburban line. Full metro operation since 1904 between Piraeus and Athens and 1957 to Kifissia. In 2011, it was integrated with Athens Metro under the company STASY S.A.[33]
  9. ↑ Opening of Cibali station in July
  10. ↑ As of July 2023, the number is 121 if the 8 interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted multiple times, once for each line, while it is 113 if they are combined.[46][47]
  11. ↑ Some sections of the Rotterdam Metro (portions of Lines A, B, E) have some level crossings (with priority) and so could therefore be considered "light rail" instead of "metro".
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 These systems have similarities to light rail systems, because of the existence of a few road level crossings, but are listed since they are almost entirely separated from roads.
  13. ↑ The first underground portion was opened in 1928, but that was a tram line. One surface line has origins from 1898. System opened as a full Metro in 1966.
  14. ↑ Opening of the Løren station in 2016.
  15. ↑ The number of stations is 229 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms in a single complex) are counted as one station, or 294 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
  16. ↑ The number is 64 if interchange stations (i.e. different sets of platforms) are counted as one station, or 72 if all stations on all lines are counted multiple times for each line.
  17. ↑ There are 132 stations in the Barcelona Metro if interchange stations are counted once, while there are 163 if they are counted multiple times.
  18. ↑ Including TFM, MetroSur and other suburban lines, but not the three Metro Ligero de Madrid lines which are light rail.
  19. ↑ The first line, later known as Green Line, was opened by stages during the 1950s, partly converting to metro operations prior rapid tram alignments. These included the oldest tunnel, built in 1933, which name (Tunnelbana) and symbol were bequeathed to the new system.
  20. ↑ The Lausanne Metro has two lines: Line M1 is light rail, while Line M2 is rapid transit. The stats listed are for Line M2 only.
  21. ↑ Line 4 only
  22. ↑ Lines 1 and 2 only
  23. ↑ London's Metropolitan Railway first opened for service in 1863, operating steam locomotive trains in cut and cover tunnels. It began operating as a modern metro when electric-propulsion trains began operating on the system's first deep-level tube line in 1890.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2017 Zahlen, Daten, Fakten – Unternehmen" [Company Profile – Figures, Data, Facts 2017] (PDF) (in Deutsch). Wiener Linien. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
  2. ↑ Reidinger, Erwin (4 September 2017). "Vienna opens Line U1 extension". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2017-11-05.
  3. ↑ "40 Jahre U–Bahn: Eine Wiener Verkehrsrevolution" [40 years of UBahn: a Viennese transport revolution]. Die Presse (in Deutsch). "Die Presse" Verlags-Gesellschaft m.b.H. Co KG. 25 February 2018. slide 16. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 История развития метрополитена [History of the metro]. Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Метро сегодня [Metro today] (in русский). Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  6. ↑ "General Info about Sofia Metro". MetroSofia.com. 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-20.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Светослав Спасов (2021-04-21). "Метрото вече стига до Горна баня". СЕГА (in български). Retrieved 2021-04-24.
  8. ↑ "History – Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy". Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 2013-09-11. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ "Colliers International releases the first Prague Office Metro Map" (Press release). Best Communications. 29 May 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-30.
  10. ↑ "Company Profile – Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy". Dopravní podnik hlavnívo města Prahy. Archived from the original on 24 January 2017. Retrieved 2015-07-03. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 "The opening of Cityringen to be celebrated with great public celebration and free transport". intl.m.dk. 11 September 2019. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Sporplan" [Track plan] (in dansk and English). Metroselskabet. 22 November 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 2014-04-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  13. ↑ "West Metro › Metro services from 18 November 2017". Helsinki Regional Transport Authority. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-22. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  14. ↑ "By metro". City of Helsinki, Helsinki City Transport. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 2015-11-17. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  15. ↑ "By metro >> Track and depot". City of Helsinki, Helsinki City Transport. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 2017-11-17. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Qui sommes-nous? – Notre Histoire" [Who are we? – Our History] (in français). Transpole. Archived from the original on 25 September 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-25. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Les chiffres clés" [Key figures] (in français). Transpole. Archived from the original on 2012-10-27. Retrieved 25 September 2012. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ "Les lignes de Métro et de Funiculaire" [The lines of the metro and funiculars] (in français). SYTRAL. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Le métro lyonnais tisse sa toile depuis 40 ans" [Lyon Metro spins its web for 40 years] (PDF) (Press release) (in français). SYTRAL. 11 June 2018. p. 15. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Fiche d'identité de l'entreprise – Le métro" [ID card of the company – The Metro] (in français). RTM. Retrieved 2018-09-01.
  21. ↑ "Brief history of the Paris metro". france.fr – The official website of France. Archived from the original on 26 September 2013. Retrieved 2013-09-21. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ "Alstom's new automatic MP14 metro enters commercial service on the Line 14 extension in Paris and its region" (Press release). Alstom SA. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  23. ↑ As for the size the system reached by the end of 2017, see "The Metro: a Parisian institution". RATP. Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 2018-09-11. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) The Montmartre funicular is considered to be part of the metro system, within which is represented by a 303rd fictive station "Funiculaire". As for the section opened after the end of 2017, see "Ce que va permettre le prolongement de la ligne 14 du métro à Paris" [What the extension of metro line 14 in Paris will allow]. L'Express (in français). Altice Europe N.V. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-15.
  24. ↑ Groneck, Christoph (20 May 2020). U-Bahn, S-Bahn & Tram in Paris – Urban Rail in the French Capital. Robert Schwandl Verlag. p. 8. ISBN 978-3-936573-62-6. Search this book on
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "Qui sommes-nous? – Nos réalisations" [Who are we? – Our achievements] (in français). Tisséo. Archived from the original on 18 November 2016. Retrieved 2013-09-28. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  26. ↑ "Métro. Une nouvelle "voix" occitane pour annoncer les stations" [Metro. A new Occitan "voice" to announce the stations]. La Dépêche du Midi (in français). Toulouse: Groupe La Dépêche. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
  27. ↑ "Historie der Hochbahn" [History of the U-Bahn] (in Deutsch). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2013-09-30. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ "Platform roofing Hamburg-Oldenfelde". crowdoutside.com. Creators of the Outside World (CROWD). 15 December 2019. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-02-18. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 "Die Hochbahn auf einen Blick" [The Hochbahn at glance] (in Deutsch). Hamburger Hochbahn AG. 1 May 2020. Retrieved 2021-02-17.
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "MVG in figures" (PDF). Münchner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (MVG) Marketing. June 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-04. Retrieved 2013-10-02. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  31. ↑ Bernhardt, Jens (15 October 2020). "A new extension for Nuremberg's metro U3". Urban Transport Magazine. Transport & Verkehr Media UG. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 Lankes, Matthias; Seitzinger, Elisabeth (15 October 2020). "Großreuth bei Schweinau" (PDF). U-Bahn Nürnberg Heft. No. 19. Stadt Nürnberg / Planungs- und Baureferat [City of Nuremberg / Planning and Construction Department]. Retrieved 2020-10-18. Unknown parameter |trans-magazine= ignored (help)
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 "Homepage – The Company – Historic Data – Transit in Athens". Attiko Metro S.A. Archived from the original on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-02. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  34. ↑ Schwandl, Robert. "Athina". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2014-06-03.
  35. ↑ "Historical Data". STASY S.A. 1 August 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-21. The Athens Metro incorporates the steam-powered Athens–Piraeus Railway (SAP, now Line 1), which opened on 27 February 1869. The railway's first tunnel section, between Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Athens Metro stations" does not exist. and Lua error: expandTemplate: template "Athens Metro stations" does not exist., opened on 17 May 1895, and SAP completed the electrification of the line on 16 September 1904.
  36. ↑ "PM to inaugurate three new Athens metro stations". Kathimerini. Archived from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 2020-07-07. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  37. ↑ "Global heavyweights enter race for Athens €1.5bn metro line". GCR – Global Construction Review. Chartered Institute of Building. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 2018-10-05.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "New Surface Transport Network Following Start of Metro Line 4 on 29 March 2014". BKV Zrt. 28 March 2014. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
  39. ↑ "Annual Report 2011" (PDF). BKV Zrt. 2011. p. 48. Retrieved 2013-10-06.
  40. ↑ "Parte la metro! 2 marzo 2013" [The Metro is coming!] (in italiano). Brescia Mobilità. 2 March 2013. Archived from the original on 12 October 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-11. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Mappa della linea metropolitana" [Metro line map] (PDF) (in italiano). Brescia Mobilità. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
  42. ↑ "Ferrovia Circumetnea - Tariffe e Orari della Metropolitana". www.circumetnea.it. Archived from the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2017. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  43. ↑ "Catania, da oggi anche il quartiere di Cibali ha la sua fermata metro operativa". 27 July 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  44. ↑ "Metropolitana di Catania - FCE Ferrovia Circumetnea". n.d. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 45.2 45.3 "Metropolitana" [Metro] (in italiano). Azienda Mobilità e Trasporti SpA (AMT). 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 "M4, the subway line set to change Milan, finally opens". domus. 3 July 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  47. ↑ "Metro Network and Suburban Railways" (map). Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) SpA. July 2023. Archived from the original on 5 July 2023. Retrieved 2023-07-05. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  48. ↑ "Carta della Mobilità 2023" (PDF) (in italiano). Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM) S.p.A. p. 17. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  49. ↑ Rossi, Fabio (12 May 2018). "Roma: Metro C a San Giovanni, oggi apre la nuova tratta" [Rome: Metro C to San Giovanni, today opens the new section]. Il Messaggero (in italiano). Il Messaggero S.p.A. – Caltagirone Editore. Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  50. ↑ "Roma, scegli una fermata della metro e ti dirò quanto ti costa comprare o affittare casa" [Rome, choose a metro stop and I'll tell you how much it costs you to buy or rent a house]. Mercato turistico. www.idealista.it (in italiano). Retrieved 2018-10-07.
  51. ↑ "Home > Azienda – I numeri di atac – Trasporto pubblico" [Home > Company – The numbers of ATAC – Public transportation] (in italiano). ATAC. 8 November 2014. Retrieved 2015-04-06.
  52. ↑ Marco Chiandoni (30 June 2015). "Rome metro Line C reaches Lodi". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2015-06-30.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 "La Linea 1 di Metropolitana" [Metro Line 1] (PDF) (in italiano). Città di Torino. Retrieved 2014-05-24.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 54.2 "La metro di Torino arriva in piazza Bengasi" [Turin Metro reaches Bengasi square] (in italiano). GTT SpA (Gruppo Torinese Trasporti). 23 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-25.
  55. ↑ "Amsterdam's north–south metro line opens". Metro Report International. DVV Media International Ltd. 23 July 2018. Retrieved 2019-10-06.
  56. ↑ "Railkaart [Rail Map]" (PDF). GVB. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2019. Retrieved 2018-08-11. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  57. ↑ http://mic-ro.com/metro/metrocity.html?city=Rotterdam
  58. ↑ "Årsrapport 2016" [Annual Report 2016] (PDF) (in norsk). Ruter As. 2016. p. 23. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  59. ↑ "Uruchamiamy wolskie stacje metra". Warszawski Transport Publiczny. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.3 "A brief history". Metropolitano de Lisboa, E.P.E. Retrieved 2020-05-22.
  61. ↑ "Metrorex history". Metrorex. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  62. ↑ "A fost deschisă staţia de metrou 'Tudor Arghezi'" [Tudor Arghezi station opened]. agerpres.ro (in română). 15 November 2023.[permanent dead link]
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 "Bucharest metro network map". Metrorex. Retrieved 2023-12-02.
  64. ↑ "Metroelektrotrans" [Kazan Metro] (in русский). Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  65. ↑ Schwandl, Robert. "Kazan". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2013-08-04.
  66. ↑ 66.0 66.1 Метрополитены России за 6 месяцев 2015 год [Metros of Russia after 6 months of 2015]. www.nsk-metro.ru (in русский). Новосибирский метрополитен [Novosibirsk metro]. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  67. ↑ Московский метрополитен [Moscow Metro] (in русский). Moskovsky Metropoliten. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020. Retrieved 2014-03-03. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  68. ↑ 68.0 68.1 О метрополитене [About the metro] (in русский). mosmetro.ru. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 В Нижнем Новгороде открыли построенную к ЧМ станцию метро «Стрелка» [In Nizhny Novgorod, the metro station Strelka, built for the World Cup, was opened]. NTV (in русский). ОАО Газпром-Медиа [Gazprom-Media]. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-13.
  70. ↑ Extension of Dzerzhinskaya Line, Schwandl, Robert. "Novosibirsk". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 71.4 71.5 Метрополитены России за 6 месяцев 2015 год [Metros of Russia after 6 months of 2015]. www.nsk-metro.ru (in русский). Новосибирский метрополитен [Novosibirsk metro]. Retrieved 2018-06-07.
  72. ↑ Demyanchuk, Alexander (26 May 2018). В Петербурге накануне дня города открыли станции метро "Новокрестовская" и "Беговая" [In Saint Petersburg, on the eve of the city day, metro station "Novokrestovskaya" and "Begovaya" opened] (in русский). TASS Russian News Agency. Retrieved 2018-05-28.
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 "Passenger information - Technical Characteristics". www.metro.spb.ru. St. Petersburg Metropoliten SUE. Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 2018-06-07. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  74. ↑ 1-ая линия метрополитена [Показать справочную информацию] [First subway line [Show background information]] (in русский). Самарский метрополитен [Samara Metro]. Retrieved 2015-02-16.
  75. ↑ Фоторепортаж: От станции "Российской" до "Алабинской" на метро около трех минут [Photo-report: From the station "Russian" to "Alabinskaya" by metro about three minutes]. Pro Gorod Samara (in русский). 26 December 2014. Retrieved 2015-01-20.
  76. ↑ Chkalovskaya, Schwandl, Robert. "Yekaterinburg". UrbanRail.Net. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
  77. ↑ "L'estació de Zona Franca de la línia 10 Sud de metro obrirà les portes dissabte a les 3 de la tarda". Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). 30 January 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 As for the size the system reached by the end of 2018, see "Basic data 2019" (PDF). Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). Retrieved 2019-03-10. The Montjuïc Funicular, despite being considered to be part of the metro system, is excluded. As for the latest extension, see "L'estació de Zona Franca de la línia 10 Sud de metro obrirà les portes dissabte a les 3 de la tarda". Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB). 30 January 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  79. ↑ Wright, Daniel (30 March 2016). "The Underground World of Norman Foster (Metro Bilbao, Bilbao, Spain)". thebeautyoftransport.com. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  80. ↑ Osorio, Silvia (28 June 2014). "Kabiezes se sube al metro" [Kabiezes gets on the subway]. El Correo (in español). Bilbao Editorial. Retrieved 2018-09-17.
  81. ↑ "En marcha la estación de Ibarbengoa, tras años de espera" (in español). Eitb. 15 June 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-22.
  82. ↑ "History – 1919". Metro de Madrid S.A. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 2014-03-09. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  83. ↑ "First passengers use new Arroyofresno underground station". Metro de Madrid S.A. 23 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  84. ↑ 84.0 84.1 As for the size the system reached by the end of 2017, see "Annual report 2017" (PDF). CRTM – Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid. 2019. p. 29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-25. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help) As for the latest extension, see "La Comunidad abre la estación de metro Arroyofresno al público tras 20 años" [The Community of Madrid opens Arroyofresno metro station to the public after 20 years]. La Vanguardia (in español). Grupo Godó. 21 March 2019. Retrieved 2020-04-25.
  85. ↑ 85.0 85.1 Rommel, Jacob (29 May 2014). Topological Analysis of the Evolution of Public Transport Networks (PDF) (MSc). KTH Royal Institute of Technology. pp. 22–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 August 2017. Retrieved 2019-12-22 – via DiVA (Digitala Vetenskapliga Arkivet). Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 "Fakta om SL och länet 2015" [Facts about SL and the region] (PDF) (in svenska). Storstockholms Lokaltrafik. 25 October 2016. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 2017-01-21. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  87. ↑ "Lausanne underground officially opens". SWI swissinfo.ch. Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG SSR). 27 October 2008. Retrieved 2019-12-22.
  88. ↑ 88.0 88.1 Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2013 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways for Year 2013.] (PDF). asmetro.ru (in Russian). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2013 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways for Year 2013.] (PDF). asmetro.ru (in Russian). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 Основные технико-эксплуатационные характеристики метрополитенов за 2013 год [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways for Year 2013.] (PDF). asmetro.ru (in Russian). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  91. ↑ 91.0 91.1 91.2 "Glasgow Subway – SPT – Corporate Information". Strathclyde Partnership for Transport (SPT). 2013. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 2013-07-24. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  92. ↑ Green, Oliver (1987). The London Underground — An illustrated history. Ian Allan. Search this book on
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 "Woohoo! The Northern Line Extension Opens On 20 September". Londonist. 3 September 2021. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 "What we do". Transport for London. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2022-05-24. London Underground, better known as the Tube, has 11 lines covering 402km and serving 272 stations. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  95. ↑ 95.0 95.1 95.2 "About TfL – What we do – Docklands Light Railway". Transport for London. Retrieved 2016-07-22.


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