List of anarchist communities

This is a list of anarchist communities representing any society or portion thereof founded by anarchists that functions according to anarchist philosophy and principles. Anarchists have created and been involved in a plethora of community experiments since the 19th century. There are numerous instances in which a community organizes itself along philosophically anarchist lines to promote regional anarchist movements, counter-economics and countercultures. These have included intentional communities founded by anarchists as social experiments and community-oriented projects, such as collective organizations and cooperative businesses. There are also several instances of mass society "anarchies" that have come about from explicitly anarchist revolutions, including the Makhnovshchina in Ukraine, Revolutionary Catalonia in Spain and the Shinmin autonomous region in Manchuria.

Mass societies[edit]

Active societies[edit]

Flag	Society	Since	Duration	Location	Ideology	Ref.
	Freetown Christiania	1971 (September 26)	52 years, 281 days	Copenhagen, Denmark	Anarchism	^[1]^[2]

Past societies[edit]

Society	From	Until	Duration	Location	Ideology	Ref.
Strandzha Commune	18 August 1903	8 September 1903	21 days	Strandzha, Ottoman Empire	Libertarian communism	^[3]
Baja Rebellion	29 January 1911	22 June 1911	144 days	Baja California, Mexico	Magonism	^[4]
Soviet Republic of Naissaar	17 December 1917	26 February 1918	71 days	Naissaar, present-day Estonia	Anarcho-syndicalism	^[5]
Southern Fujian Protectorate [zh]	1 September 1918	12 August 1920	1 year, 346 days	South Fujian, China	Anarchism, Socialism	^[6]
Makhnovshchina	27 November 1918	28 August 1921	2 years, 274 days	Ukraine	Anarcho-communism, Platformism	^[7]
Korean People's Association in Manchuria	3 August 1929	18 September 1931	2 years, 46 days	Manchuria, China	Anarchism	^[8]
Revolutionary Catalonia	21 July 1936	10 February 1939	2 years, 204 days	Catalonia, Spain	Anarcho-syndicalism	^[9]
Regional Defence Council of Aragon	6 October 1936	11 August 1937	309 days	Aragon, Spain	Anarcho-communism	^[9]

References[edit]

↑ Bamyeh, Mohammed A. (May 2009). Anarchy as order. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7425-5673-7. [A]nti-authoritarian sentiments reemerged as part of a larger universe of visions of an alternative society, including antimilitarism, civil rights, more sexual freedom, and some communal experimentations with self-governance—a surviving example of which today is Freetown Christiania in Denmark. Search this book on
↑ Frater, Jamie (1 November 2010). Listverse.com's Ultimate Book of Bizarre Lists. Berkeley, CA: Ulysses press. pp. 516, 517. ISBN 978-1-56975-817-5. Depending on who you talk to, Freetown Christiania is either "the world's first fully-functioning anarchist society" or an area overrun with squatters and drug dealers. Search this book on
↑ Khadzhiev, Georgi (1992). "The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria". Nat︠s︡ionalnoto osvobozhdenie i bezvlastnii︠a︡t federalizŭm [National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism] (in български). Translated by Firth, Will. Sofia: Artizdat-5. pp. 99–148. OCLC 27030696. As far as the economic system of the Strandzha Commune was concerned, it can only be described as being libertarian communist. Search this book on
↑ "Uprising in Baja California" (PDF). Anarchist Federation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Popławski, Kazimierz (6 November 2017). "Naissar: the Estonian "Island of Women", Once an Independent Socialist Republic". Deep Baltic. Translated by Ostrowska, Martyna. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019. Soon after the outbreak of the October Revolution, on 17th December 1917, the crew of the warship Petropavlovsk (later named Marat) and the builders of the fortress seized power on the island. They announced the creation of an independent socialist republic. [...] An anarcho-syndicalist of Ukrainian origin, Stepan Maksimovich Petrichenko, became the leader of the Council of Peoples’ Commissars. [...] The Council is said to have declared “in accordance with the law, Naissaar is now an independent (Soviet) republic.” [...] The black and red banner of the anarcho-syndicalists became the flag of the new republic. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Chen, Leslie H. (2000). "Chen Jiongming: Anarchism and the Federalist State". Center for Chen Jiongming Studies. Alexandria, Virginia. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Chen continued to be the patron and protector of his anarchist friends and comrades who now engaged in a social and cultural reform movement in Canton. During the May Fourth period, Chen created with the help of anarchist intellectuals a “model” city of New Culture in Zhangzhou, Fujian, which won the critical acclaim both in China and abroad. Back in Guangdong in the 1920s, Chen actively promoted peaceful unification of the country through “Chinese federalism” - a “bottom-up” form of federalism that clearly has its anarchist origin.
↑ Skirda, Alexandre (2004). Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack. AK Press. p. 3. ISBN 1-902593-68-5. Search this book on
↑ Hwang, Dongyoun (2016). "Experimenting Place-Based Anarchism in Manchuria". Anarchism in Korea: Independence, Transnationalism, and the Question of National Development, 1919-1984 (PDF). Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 48–55. ISBN 978-1-4384-6167-0. OCLC 1039293708. The USAKP has been highly evaluated by Korean anarchists as the embodiment of anarchist principles, because it seemed to have its own seeming territorial jurisdiction. As shown in its two goals to improve the economic and political status of Koreans in Manchuria and to concentrate their capacity on completing saving the nation through resisting Japan, strictly speaking, it was not an anarchist organization. It rather defined itself in its platform as “an autonomous, self-ruling, cooperative organization” that had its own distinctive jurisdiction, similar to its predecessor, the LKAM. In particular, the USAKP’s plans for agricultural development, education, and military training within its jurisdiction, as well as for its representative system along with its administrative body, have all been praised as a reflection of the anarchist ideal of “a government without [compulsory] government” that assured the principles of no-rule, no-naked power, and no-exploitation. Search this book on
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 Dolgoff, Sam (1974). The Anarchist Collectives: Workers' Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939. Search this book on

External links[edit]

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[1] Bamyeh, Mohammed A. (May 2009). Anarchy as order. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-7425-5673-7. [A]nti-authoritarian sentiments reemerged as part of a larger universe of visions of an alternative society, including antimilitarism, civil rights, more sexual freedom, and some communal experimentations with self-governance—a surviving example of which today is Freetown Christiania in Denmark. Search this book on

[2] Frater, Jamie (1 November 2010). Listverse.com's Ultimate Book of Bizarre Lists. Berkeley, CA: Ulysses press. pp. 516, 517. ISBN 978-1-56975-817-5. Depending on who you talk to, Freetown Christiania is either "the world's first fully-functioning anarchist society" or an area overrun with squatters and drug dealers. Search this book on

[3] Khadzhiev, Georgi (1992). "The Transfiguration Uprising and the 'Strandzha Commune': The First Libertarian Commune in Bulgaria". Nat︠s︡ionalnoto osvobozhdenie i bezvlastnii︠a︡t federalizŭm [National Liberation and Libertarian Federalism] (in български). Translated by Firth, Will. Sofia: Artizdat-5. pp. 99–148. OCLC 27030696. As far as the economic system of the Strandzha Commune was concerned, it can only be described as being libertarian communist. Search this book on

[4] "Uprising in Baja California" (PDF). Anarchist Federation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2013. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[5] Popławski, Kazimierz (6 November 2017). "Naissar: the Estonian "Island of Women", Once an Independent Socialist Republic". Deep Baltic. Translated by Ostrowska, Martyna. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2019. Soon after the outbreak of the October Revolution, on 17th December 1917, the crew of the warship Petropavlovsk (later named Marat) and the builders of the fortress seized power on the island. They announced the creation of an independent socialist republic. [...] An anarcho-syndicalist of Ukrainian origin, Stepan Maksimovich Petrichenko, became the leader of the Council of Peoples’ Commissars. [...] The Council is said to have declared “in accordance with the law, Naissaar is now an independent (Soviet) republic.” [...] The black and red banner of the anarcho-syndicalists became the flag of the new republic. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)

[6] Chen, Leslie H. (2000). "Chen Jiongming: Anarchism and the Federalist State". Center for Chen Jiongming Studies. Alexandria, Virginia. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Chen continued to be the patron and protector of his anarchist friends and comrades who now engaged in a social and cultural reform movement in Canton. During the May Fourth period, Chen created with the help of anarchist intellectuals a “model” city of New Culture in Zhangzhou, Fujian, which won the critical acclaim both in China and abroad. Back in Guangdong in the 1920s, Chen actively promoted peaceful unification of the country through “Chinese federalism” - a “bottom-up” form of federalism that clearly has its anarchist origin.

[7] Skirda, Alexandre (2004). Nestor Makhno: Anarchy's Cossack. AK Press. p. 3. ISBN 1-902593-68-5. Search this book on

[8] Hwang, Dongyoun (2016). "Experimenting Place-Based Anarchism in Manchuria". Anarchism in Korea: Independence, Transnationalism, and the Question of National Development, 1919-1984 (PDF). Albany, New York: SUNY Press. pp. 48–55. ISBN 978-1-4384-6167-0. OCLC 1039293708. The USAKP has been highly evaluated by Korean anarchists as the embodiment of anarchist principles, because it seemed to have its own seeming territorial jurisdiction. As shown in its two goals to improve the economic and political status of Koreans in Manchuria and to concentrate their capacity on completing saving the nation through resisting Japan, strictly speaking, it was not an anarchist organization. It rather defined itself in its platform as “an autonomous, self-ruling, cooperative organization” that had its own distinctive jurisdiction, similar to its predecessor, the LKAM. In particular, the USAKP’s plans for agricultural development, education, and military training within its jurisdiction, as well as for its representative system along with its administrative body, have all been praised as a reflection of the anarchist ideal of “a government without [compulsory] government” that assured the principles of no-rule, no-naked power, and no-exploitation. Search this book on

[Dolgoff-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Dolgoff, Sam (1974). The Anarchist Collectives: Workers' Self-Management in the Spanish Revolution, 1936–1939. Search this book on

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List of anarchist communities

Contents

Mass societies[edit]

Active societies[edit]

Past societies[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]