List of hate crimes in the United Kingdom

Hate crime is defined in the United Kingdom by various statute laws in conjunction with the Crown Prosecution Service and the Police. It's most commonly held definition is of "Any criminal offence which is perceived by the victim or any other person, to be motivated by hostility or prejudice, based on a person's disability or perceived disability; race or perceived race; or religion or perceived religion; or sexual orientation or perceived sexual orientation or transgender identity or perceived transgender identity".

There are specified characteristics that are named in legislation, including Race, Religion, Disability, Gender identity or Sexual orientation. Police forces are also free to introduce their own categories which to treat as a hate crime, although these are not legally binding in a Court to be upheld as hate-related. Such categories currently include Age, Misogyny and Alternative subculture.

There have been numerous notable crimes that have occurred in the United Kingdom that are deemed to have been motivated by hate, some of which have had profound impact on legislation and law enforcement policy.

List of Notable Hate-related crimes in the United Kingdom

• 22 April 1993 The racially motivated Murder of Steven Lawrence. This prompted the MacPherson Report a.k.a the Steven Lawrence Inquiry which led to a change in definition of hate crime to the one above, and also allowing anyone with involvement in a crime, including the Victim of crime, Witness, the police or any interested party to determine that an incident was motivated by hate. Previously the labeling of a crime as a hate crime was the duty of the police.
• 24 August 2007 The Murder of Sophie Lancaster based on her Goth lifestyle. This led to Greater Manchester Police introducing the category of hate crime based on alternative sub-culture.
• 23 October 2007 The Murder of Francecca Hardwick by her mother Fiona Pilkington who then killed herself based on years of abuse based on Francecca's severe Learning disabilities. This led to changes in the way the police deal with investigations of ongoing Anti-social behaviour and their treatment of vulnerable people.
• 14 July 2013 The Murder of Bijan Ebrahimi based at least partly on his race. As a result two police officers were jailed and significant failings were again identified in the way Avon and Somerset Police and Bristol City Council managed their interactions with him.
• 3 March 2021 Murder of Sarah Everard based on Misogynistic views. This expanded calls already beginning under the Me Too movement and in wider society to better address violence, unwanted sexual conduct and harassment towards women and prompted the government to instruct the police nationally to record incidents linked to misogyny, where Nottinghamshire Police had begun to do so.

Terrorism

Terrorist attacks could also be categorised as hate-related. For a list of UK-related terrorist attacks see:

Terrorism in the United Kingdom; List of terrorist incidents in London

Domestic Abuse

Domestic Abuse will always largely be motivated by either Misogyny or Misandry. Domestic abuse related incidents are therefore not listed separately herein.

References

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