List of molecules discovered in the 19th century

The list of molecules discovered in the 19th century includes a chronological list of molecules discovered in the 19th century.

1800s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1803	Dinitrogen trioxide	John Dalton	N2O3

1810s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1810	Chlorine	Humphry Davy	Cl2
1811	Diatomic Hydrogen	Amedeo Avogadro	H2
1811	Diatomic Oxygen	Amedeo Avogadro	O2
1811	Water	Amedeo Avogadro	H2O

1820s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1820	Glycine	Henri Braconnot	C2H5NO2

1830s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1832	Chloral hydrate	Justus von Liebig	C2H3Cl3O2

1840s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1846	Tyrosine	Justus von Liebig	C9H11NO3

1850s

The sense developed among chemists that a number of substances were chemically related to benzene, comprising a diverse chemical family. In 1855, August Wilhelm von Hofmann used the word "aromatic" to designate this family relationship, after a characteristic property of many of its members.

August Kekulé was the principal formulator of the theory of chemical structure (1857–58). This theory proceeds from the idea of atomic valence, especially the tetravalence of carbon (which Kekulé announced late in 1857). His idea of assigning certain atoms to certain positions within the molecule, and schematically connecting them using what he called their "Verwandtschaftseinheiten" ("affinity units", now called "valences" or "bonds"),

1860s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1865	Benzene	August Kekulé	C6H6

1870s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1874	Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)	Othmar Zeidler	C14H9Cl9
1877	Glutamine	Wilhelm Dittmar	C5H10N2O3

1880s

In 1887 Joseph John Thomson discovered the existence of electrons.

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1886	Fluorine	Henri Moissan	F2
1886	Arginine	Ernst Schulze	C6H14N4O2

1890s

Year of discovery	Name of the molecule	Discoverer	Chemical formula
1899	Cysteine	Henri Moissan	F2

See also

• Molecule
• Lists of molecules
• List of molecules discovered in the 20th century
• List of molecules discovered in the 21th century
• Empirical formula
• Chemical formula
• Chemical structure
• Chemical compound
• Chemical bond
• Coordination complex
• List of drugs by year of discovery
• List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
• Timeline of chemical element discoveries
• Diatomic molecule
• Atomic model
• History of molecular theory

References

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