List of plain English words and phrases
From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki
This is a list of plain English words and phrases and the longer, more cumbersome words they can replace. The problem word is listed first; the plain English alternative follows.
Plain English (or plain language) is communication in English that emphasizes clarity and brevity, and avoids technical languageโparticularly in official government or business communication. It uses simple, familiar words instead of lengthy, formal words,[1] avoids jargon, prefers positive words to negative words,[2] and prefers strong verbs to be verbs.[3]
A[edit]
- above-mentioned, above-listed, before-mentioned, aforementioned โ (omit)[4][5]
- abundance โ enough, plenty, (or specific amount)[6]
- accede to โ allow, agree to[6]
- accelerate โ speed up[6]
- accentuate โ stress[6]
- accommodation โ room[7]
- accompany โ go with,[8] with[6]
- accomplish โ do[8]
- accorded โ given[8]
- accordingly โ thus, so[8][9]
- accrue โ add, gain[8]
- accurate โ right[8]
- acquiesce โ agree[6]
- acquire โ get[6]
- additional โ extra[8][10][9]
- address โ discuss[8]
- addressees โ you[8]
- adjacent to โ Next to[8]
- adjustment โ change, alteration[6]
- admissible โ allowed, accepted[6]
- advantageous โ helpful[8]
- adversely impact on โ hurt, set back[8]
- advise โ tell[8][10]
- afford an opportunity โ allow, let[8]
- aggregate โ total[6]
- aircraft โ airplane (USA) / aeroplane (UK)[8] ("Plane" can also mean "flat surface" and a woodworking tool; the word "airplane" avoids this confusion. The word "aircraft" can be used if you need to specifically include balloons, blimps, gliders, etc.; it's the simplest word for the whole category of aerial vehicles.)
- alleviate โ ease, reduce[6]
- allocate โ divide[8]
- along the lines of โ like, as in[11]
- alternatively โ or[11]
- ameliorate โ improve, help[11]
- an absence of โ no, none[6]
- and particularly โ particularly[12]
- and/or โ use either "and" or "or."[8][13]
- anticipate โ expect[8]
- a number of โ some[8]
- applicant โ you[10]
- application โ use[11]
- apparent โ clear, plain[8]
- apprehend โ arrest[14]
- appreciable โ many[8]
- appropriate โ proper, right[8]
- approximate โ about[8][15]
- arrive onboard โ arrive[8]
- as a means of โ to[8]
- ascertain โ find out, learn[8]
- as per our telephone conversation of this date โ as we discussed this afternoon[16][17]
- as prescribed by โ in, under[8]
- as far as ... is concerned โ (omit)[18][19]
- as toโ of, on, with, for, to, by, in, into[20]
- as yet, as of yet โ yet[21]
- assist, assistance โ help[8][15]
- at its discretion โ can, may[11]
- attain โ meet[8], reach
- attempt โ try[8]
- at the present time, at this time, at this point in time, at the moment โ now[8][15][22][11]
- attributable to โ because[11]
- at your earliest convenience โ as soon as you can[16]
- authorize โ allow, let[23]
B[edit]
- basis, on a โ (omit)[24], or replace "on an X basis" by "X-ly"
- be advised โ (omit)[8]
- because of the fact that โ because, since[25][26]
- beg โ ask[16]
- belated โ late[27]
- beneficial โ helpful, useful[27]
- bestow โ give, award[27]
- by means of โ by, with[8][22]
- by reason of โ because[22]
- by virtue of โ by, under[22]
- beverage โ drink[15]
C[edit]
- capable of, am/is/are โ can
- capability โ ability[8]
- case of, in the โ (omit)[28]
- caveat โ warning[8]
- cease โ stop[15]
- chauffeur โ driver[29]
- clearly, obviously โ (omit)[30]
- close proximity โ near[8]
- combat environment โ combat[8]
- combined โ joint[8]
- commence โ begin or start[8][31][10]
- completely revoke โ revoke[32]
- comply with โ follow[8][10]
- complete โ fill in[10]
- component โ part[8]
- comprise โ form[8]
- conceal โ hide[7]
- concerning โ about, on[8]
- consensus, of opinion, consensus, general โ consensus[33]
- consequently โ so[8][10][9]
- consolidate โ join, merge[8]
- constitutes โ is, forms, makes up[8]
- contains โ has[8]
- convene โ meet[8]
- corridor โ hall[15]
- currently โ (omit), now[8]
D[edit]
- deem โ believe, think[8]
- delete โ cut, drop[8]
- demonstrate โ prove, show[8]
- depart โ leave, go[8][15]
- designate โ choose, name[8]
- desire โ want, wish[8]
- despite the fact that โ although[25][26]
- despite his writing the book (for example): although he wrote the book
- determine โ decide, figure, find[8]
- disclose โ show[8]
- different โ After a number, this word is often unnecessary.
- discontinue โ drop, stop[8]
- disseminate โ give, issue, pass, send[8]
- does not have โ lacks[34]
- does not include โ excludes, omits[34]
- due to the fact that โ because, since[8][26]
- duly (authorized, signed) โ (omit)[35]
- during the period, during the time that โ during, while[8][19]
E[edit]
- each and every โ (omit)[36]
- early beginnings โ beginnings, early days[37]
- each...apiece โ each[37]
- economical โ cheap[38]
- effect modifications โ make changes[8]
- elect โ choose, pick[8]
- eliminate โ cut, drop, end[8]
- else but, else than โ but[39]
- elucidate โ explain[40][41]
- emphasize โ stress[38]
- employ โ use[8]
- enclosed please find โ I have enclosed[42][16]
- encounter โ meet[8]
- endeavor โ try[8][15]
- end (result, product) โ omit[43]
- enquiry โ question[38]
- ensure โ make sure[8][10]
- entitlement โ right[38]
- enumerate โ count[8]
- equally as โ equally[44]
- equipments โ equipment[8]
- equitable โ fair[8]
- equivalent โ equal[38]
- establish โ set up, prove, show[8]
- evaluate โ test, check[38]
- evidenced โ showed[8]
- evident โ (omit), clear[8]
- evince โ show, prove[38]
- excluding โ except[38]
- exclusively โ only[38]
- exhibit โ show[8]
- expedite โ hurry[8][41]
- expeditious โ fast, quick[8]
- expend โ spend[8]
- expertise โ ability[8]
- expiration โ end[8]
F[edit]
- facilitate โ ease, help[8]
- fauna โ animals[8]
- feasible โ workable[8]
- females โ women[8]
- finalize โ complete, finish[8][45]
- first(ly), second(ly), third(ly) โ first, second, third[46]
- first and foremost โ first[47]
- flora โ plants[8]
- following โ after[48]
- for a period of โ for[8][19]
- for example,______etc. โ for example, such as[8]
- forfeit โ lose, give up[8]
- formulate โ plan[48]
- for the purpose of, โ to[22]
- for the reason that, โ to[22]
- forward โ send[8][10]
- frequently โ often[8]
- function โ act, role, work[8]
- furnish โ give, send[8]
G[edit]
H[edit]
- has a duty to โ must[50]
- has a requirement for โ needs[8]
- herein, heretofore, herewith, thereof, wherefore, wherein โ(omit)[8][46]
- honest truth โ truth[51]
- however โ but, yet[8][52]
I[edit]
- identical โ same[8]
- identify โfind, name[8]
- identify with โagree, understand[53]
- if and when โ use either word; not both[54]
- immediately โ at once[8]
- impacted โ affected,changed[8]
- implement โ carry out, start[55]
- in accordance with โ by, under[8][10][22]
- in addition โ also, besides, too[8]
- in all likelihood โ probably[56]
- in an effort to โ to[8]
- inasmuch โ since[8][22]
- in a timely manner โ on time, promptly[8]
- in between โ between[57]
- inception โ start[8]
- in connection with โ with, about[22]
- incumbent upon โ must[8]
- indicate โ say, state, or show[8][57][15]
- indication โ sign[8]
- individual โ person[58][15]
- in excess of โ more than[10]
- in favor of โ for[22]
- initial โ first[8]
- initiate โ start[8]
- in lieu of โ instead[8]
- in light of the fact that โ because[16][25][26]
- in many cases โ often[26]
- in order that โ for, so[8]
- in order to โ to[8][58][25][22]
- inquire โ ask[15]
- in regard(s) to โ about, concerning, on[8][15]
- in relation to โ about, with, to[8][22]
- in some instances โ sometimes[26]
- inside of โ inside[59]
- institute legal proceedings against, bring action against โ sue[14]
- inter alia โ (omit)[8]or use "among others"[59]
- interface โ meet, work with[8][60]
- in terms of โ(omit)[59][61]
- interpose no objection โ don't object[8]
- in the amount of โ for[8]
- in the case of โ when[26]
- in the event of โ if[8][25][10][61]
- in the majority of instances โ usually[19]
- in the nature of โ like[61]
- in the near future โ shortly, soon[8]
- in the process of โ (omit)[8]
- in view of โ since[8]
- in view of the above โ so[8]
- irregardless โ regardless[15][62]
- is applicable to โ applies to[8]
- is authorized to โ may[8]
- is in consonance with โ agrees with, follows[8]
- is responsible for โ (omit) handles[8]
- it appears โ seems[8]
- it is โ (omit)[8]
- it is essential โ must, need to[8]
- it is requested โ please, we request, I request[8]
- it is important to add that, in this regard it is of significance that, it may be recalled that, it is interesting to point out that โ (omit)[30]
L[edit]
- liaison โ discussion[8]
- -ly (doubtless, fast, ill, much, seldom, thus) โ (omit)[63]
- last will and testament โ will[64]
M[edit]
- magnitude โ size[8]
- maintain โ keep, support[8]
- majority โ most (except for voting)[65]
- make a mockery of โ (omit)[66]
- make an attempt, make an effort โ try[67]
- make reference to โ refer[68]
- maximum โ greatest, largest, most[8]
- mental attitude โ attitude[69]
- merge โ combine[70]
- methodology โ method[8]
- minimize โ decrease[8]
- minimum โ least, smallest[8]
- modify โ change[8]
- monitor โ check, watch[8]
- month + of + year โ March 2013[71]
- moreover โ what's more[72]
- multiple โ many[73]
N[edit]
- nature, of a โ (omit)[74]
- necessitate โ cause, need[8]
- nevertheless โ still, besides, even so[72]
- notify โ let know, tell[8]
- not able โ unable[34]
- not accept โ reject[34]
- not certain โ uncertain[34]
- not unlike โ similar, alike[34]
- not many โ few[34]
- not often โ seldom, rarely[34]
- not the same โ different[34]
- not...unless, not...except โ only if[34]
- not...until โ only when[34]
- not later than May 10 โ by May 10, before May 11[8]
- notwithstanding โ in spite of, still[8]
- now comes โ (omit)[75]
- null and void โ use either "null" or "void"[76][77][78]
- numerous โ many[8][79][56]
O[edit]
- objective โ aim, goal[8]
- obligate โ bind, compel[8]
- observe โ see on a _________basis (omit)[8]
- obtain โ get[80]
- off of โ off[81]
- on request โ if you ask[10]
- on a daily basis โ daily
- on a X basis โ Xly (where X is an adjective)
- on the basis of โ by, from[61]
- on the contrary โ but, so[72]
- on the grounds that โ (omit)[82]
- on the other hand โ (omit);[82] but, so[72]
- on the part of โ by[83][82]
- operate โ run, use, work[8]
- optimum โ best, greatest, most[8]
- option โ choice, way[8]
- orientate โ orient[83][84]
- ...out (calculate, cancel, distribute, segregate, separate) โ omit[85]
- outside of โ outside[83]
- overall (unless it means the garment) โ (omit)[86]
- oversight [v] โ oversee[87]
- owing to the fact that โ because, since[25][26]
P[edit]
- parameters โ limits (except in mathematical and computer-programming uses)[8][88]
- participate โ take part[8]
- particulars โ details[10]
- pass away โ die[15]
- per annum โ a year[10]
- perchance โ perhaps[89]
- perform โ do[8]
- permit โ let[8]
- pertaining to โ about, of, on[8]
- perspire โ sweat[15]
- peruse โ read[15]
- PIN number โ PIN[90]
- place โ put[15]
- portion โ part[8]
- possess โ have, own[8]
- point in time, particular point in time โ time, point, now, moment[91]
- potentiality โ potential[92]
- practicable โ practical[8]
- preclude โ prevent[8]
- preowned โ used[93]
- preliminary to, previous to, previously, prior to โ before[8][94][15][25][61]
- preparatory to โ to prepare for[94][10]
- prior to โ before[citation needed]
- prioritize โ rank;[8] set or make priorities[95]
- proceed โ do, go ahead, try[8][15]
- procure โ (omit)[8]
- proficiency โ skill[8]
- promulgate โ issue, publish[8]
- provide โ give, offer, say[8]
- provided that โ if[8][96][97]
- provide guidance for โ guide[8]
- purchase โ buy[8][15][98]
- pursuant to โ by, following, per, under;[8] in response to, in carrying out, as required by[99][16]
Q[edit]
- question as to whether, question of whether โ question whether[100]
- quite puzzling โ baffling[51]
R[edit]
- reason ... is because โ because[101]
- refer back โ refer[102]
- reflect โ say, show[8]
- regard as being โ regard as[103]
- regarding โ about, of, on[8][98]
- relative to โ about, on[8]
- relocate โ move[8]
- remain โ stay[8]
- remainder โ rest[8]
- remuneration โ pay, payment[8]
- render โ give, make[8]
- represents โ is[8]
- request โ ask[8]
- require โ must, need[8]
- requirement โ need,[8] rule[104]
- reside, residence โ live, house[8][105]
- respectively โ (omit)[106]
- retain โ keep[8]
- retire โ go to bed[15]
- rigorous โ harsh, rigid, severe[8]
S[edit]
- said, some, such, same โ the, this, that[8][107][16][5][108]
- selection โ choice[8]
- separate โ After a number, this word is often unnecessary.
- set forth in โ in[8]
- shall โ must[77][109][110]
- should you wish โ if you want[98]
- similar to โ like[8]
- solicit โ ask for, request[8]
- state-of-the-art โ latest[8]
- strategize โ plan[111]
- subject โ the, this, your[8]
- submit โ give, send[8]
- subsequent, subsequently, subsequent to โ later, next, after, then[8][112][15][25][61]
- substantial โ large, much[8]
- successfully complete โ complete, pass[8]
- sufficient โ enough[8][15]
T[edit]
- take action to โ (omit)[8]
- terminate โ end, stop[8][40][98][41]
- than was formerly the case โ now[26]
- the month of โ (omit)[8]
- there are โ (omit)[8]
- therefore โ thus, so[8][72]
- therein โ there[8]
- there is โ (omit)[8]
- the undersigned โ I[8]
- the use of โ (omit)[8]
- this activity, command โ us, we[8]
- timely โ prompt[8]
- time period โ (either one)[8]
- to be violative of โ violate[113]
- took advantage of โ preyed[51]
- to wit โ (omit)[114]
- transpire (unless referring to plant transpiration) โ happen[15]
- transmit โ send[8][14]
- type โ (omit)[8]
U[edit]
- under the provisions of โ under[8]
- until such time as โ until[8][19]
- utilize, utilization โ use[8][40][14][41]
V[edit]
- validate โ confirm[8]
- variation โ change[115]
- various different โ "various" or "different"[116]
- very โ (omit)[117]
- viable โ practical, workable[8]
W[edit]
- warrant โ call for, permit[8]
- we are in receipt of โ we've received[16][10]
- whereas โ because, since[8]
- whether or not โ whether,[118] if
- whosoever, whomsoever โ whoever, whomever[119]
- with a view to โ by, from[61]
- with reference to, with regard to โ about[8][61]
- with respect to โ on, about[61]
- with the exception of โ except for[8]
- with the minimum of delay โ quickly (or say when)[118]
- witnessed โ saw[8]
Y[edit]
- you are requested โ please[120]
- your attention is drawn โ please see, please note[120]
- your office โ you[8]
Symbols[edit]
- / (slash) โ and/or[8]
See also[edit]
- Gobbledygook
- Jargon (buzzword)
- Jargon (corporate)
- Jargon (psychobabble)
- Jargon (technical)
- Jargon (technobabble)
- Legalese
- Linguistic prescription
- Nominalization
- Plain language
- Pleonasm
- Redundancy (linguistics)
- Verbosity
Notes[edit]
- โ Schiess & 2003-2004, pp. 71โ75.
- โ SEC 1998, p. 27.
- โ Garner 2001.
- โ Garner 2002, pp. 100โ01: "cumbersome phrases; lawyerisms"
- โ 5.0 5.1 Wydick 1978, p. 739: "lawyerism"
- โ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 Plain English Campaign 1998, p. 3.
- โ 7.0 7.1 Garner 2009a, p. 371: "formal word"
- โ 8.000 8.001 8.002 8.003 8.004 8.005 8.006 8.007 8.008 8.009 8.010 8.011 8.012 8.013 8.014 8.015 8.016 8.017 8.018 8.019 8.020 8.021 8.022 8.023 8.024 8.025 8.026 8.027 8.028 8.029 8.030 8.031 8.032 8.033 8.034 8.035 8.036 8.037 8.038 8.039 8.040 8.041 8.042 8.043 8.044 8.045 8.046 8.047 8.048 8.049 8.050 8.051 8.052 8.053 8.054 8.055 8.056 8.057 8.058 8.059 8.060 8.061 8.062 8.063 8.064 8.065 8.066 8.067 8.068 8.069 8.070 8.071 8.072 8.073 8.074 8.075 8.076 8.077 8.078 8.079 8.080 8.081 8.082 8.083 8.084 8.085 8.086 8.087 8.088 8.089 8.090 8.091 8.092 8.093 8.094 8.095 8.096 8.097 8.098 8.099 8.100 8.101 8.102 8.103 8.104 8.105 8.106 8.107 8.108 8.109 8.110 8.111 8.112 8.113 8.114 8.115 8.116 8.117 8.118 8.119 8.120 8.121 8.122 8.123 8.124 8.125 8.126 8.127 8.128 8.129 8.130 8.131 8.132 8.133 8.134 8.135 8.136 8.137 8.138 8.139 8.140 8.141 8.142 8.143 8.144 8.145 8.146 8.147 8.148 8.149 8.150 8.151 8.152 8.153 8.154 8.155 8.156 8.157 8.158 8.159 8.160 8.161 8.162 8.163 8.164 8.165 8.166 8.167 8.168 8.169 8.170 8.171 8.172 8.173 8.174 8.175 8.176 8.177 8.178 8.179 8.180 8.181 8.182 8.183 8.184 8.185 8.186 8.187 8.188 8.189 8.190 8.191 8.192 8.193 8.194 8.195 8.196 8.197 8.198 8.199 8.200 8.201 8.202 8.203 8.204 8.205 8.206 8.207 8.208 8.209 8.210 8.211 8.212 8.213 8.214 8.215 8.216 8.217 8.218 8.219 8.220 8.221 8.222 8.223 8.224 8.225 Simple word suggestions 2013.
- โ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Schiess, p. 1: "heavy connector"
- โ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 10: "word to avoid"
- โ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 4.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 611: "unnecessary"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 102.
- โ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Garner 2009a, p. 587: "officialese"
- โ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 Garner 2009b, p. 91: "genteelism"
- โ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 16.7 Garner 2009b, p. 96: "commercialese"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 104: "legaldegook"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 104: "wordy"
- โ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4 Wydick 1978, p. 733: "verbose"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 104: "wordy, except at beginning of sentence"
- โ Garner 2002, pp. 104โ05.
- โ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 22.11 Wydick 1978, p. 731: "compound preposition"
- โ Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 5.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 104.
- โ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 25.5 25.6 25.7 SEC 1998, p. 25: "superfluous"
- โ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 26.7 26.8 Wydick 1978, p. 732: "verbose"
- โ 27.0 27.1 27.2 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 6.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 106.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 155: "class distinction"
- โ 30.0 30.1 Wydick 1978, p. 755: "throat-clearing"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 107.
- โ Wydick 1978, p. 755: "adjective-adverb mania"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 108.
- โ 34.00 34.01 34.02 34.03 34.04 34.05 34.06 34.07 34.08 34.09 34.10 SEC 1998, p. 27: "negative compound"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 284: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 112.
- โ 37.0 37.1 Garner 2009a, p. 287: "redundant"
- โ 38.0 38.1 38.2 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.7 38.8 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 11.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 300: "redundant"
- โ 40.0 40.1 40.2 SEC 1998, p. 31: "simpler synonym"
- โ 41.0 41.1 41.2 41.3 Wydick 1978, p. 739: "stuffy"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 113: "deadwood"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 313: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 313: "usually superfluous"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 115: "a favorite word of jargonmongers"
- โ 46.0 46.1 Garner 2002, p. 115.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 355: "clichรฉ"
- โ 48.0 48.1 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 12.
- โ Simple word suggestions 2018.
- โ Kimble & 1998-2000, p. 113: "wordy"
- โ 51.0 51.1 51.2 Wydick 1978, p. 754: "adjective-adverb mania"
- โ Schiess, pp. 1โ2: "heavy connector"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 118: "voguish phrase"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 118.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 119: "vogue word"
- โ 56.0 56.1 Wydick 1978, p. 737: "verbose"
- โ 57.0 57.1 Garner 2002, p. 119.
- โ 58.0 58.1 Garner 2002, p. 120.
- โ 59.0 59.1 59.2 Garner 2002, p. 121.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 121: "jargonmonger's word"
- โ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 61.4 61.5 61.6 61.7 61.8 Wydick 1978, p. 732: "compound preposition"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 570: "nonword"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 24: "nonword double adverbs"
- โ Lebovitz 2008, p. 59: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 522.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 522: "clichรฉ"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 522: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 125.
- โ Garner 2009a, pp. 532โ33: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 533: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 594: "superfluous"
- โ 72.0 72.1 72.2 72.3 72.4 Schiess, p. 2: "heavy connector"
- โ Saffire 1997: "pompous, snooty"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 128.
- โ Kimble 2002, p. 45: "legal jargon"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 129.
- โ 77.0 77.1 Butt 2006, p. 29: "jargon"
- โ Kimble & 1998-2000, p. 114: "redundant doublet"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 129: "stuffy"
- โ Garner 2009b, p. 94: "officialese"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 130.
- โ 82.0 82.1 82.2 Garner 2009a, p. 594: "verbose"
- โ 83.0 83.1 83.2 Garner 2002, p. 131.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 598: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 600: "superfluous"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 601: "vogue word"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 602: "jargon"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 132: "jargonistic vogue word"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 618: "archaic"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 630: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 640: "clumsy phrase"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 648: "jargon"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 653: "euphemism"
- โ 94.0 94.1 Garner 2002, p. 133.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 134.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 135.
- โ Schiess & 2003-2004, pp. 57โ58: "wordy"
- โ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 11: "word to avoid"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 136: "legalese"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 136.
- โ Garner 2002, pp. 136โ37: "verbose"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 137: "redundan[t]"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 137.
- โ Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 26.
- โ Garner 2009b, p. 91: "genteelism
- โ SEC 1998, p. 35.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 139: "legaldegook"
- โ Schiess & 2003-2004, p. 56: "vague word"
- โ Kimble 1992.
- โ Schiess & 2003-2004, p. 74.
- โ Garner 2009b, p. 91: "officialese"
- โ Garner 2002, p. 141.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 845: "verbose"
- โ Lebovitz 2001, p. 56: "legalese"
- โ Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 30.
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 838: "redundant"
- โ Garner 2009a, p. 842: "weasel word"
- โ 118.0 118.1 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 31.
- โ Garner 2002, p. 147: "legalese"
- โ 120.0 120.1 Plain English Campaign 2001, p. 32.
References[edit]
- A Plain English Handbook (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Office of Investor Education and Assistance U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. 1998. p. 77. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Search this book on
- Baker, Julie A. (2011). "And the Winner Is: How Principles of Cognitive Science Resolve the Plain Language Debate". University of Missouri-Kansas City Law Review. Kansas City: UMKC School of Law: 11โ33.
- Butt, Peter (2006). "Plain Language: Drafting and Property Law". European Journal of Law Reform. 7 (1โ2): 19โ29. SSRN 938029.
- "Federal Plain Language Guidelines" (PDF). plainlanguage.gov. Plain Language Action and Information Network (PLAIN). May 1, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- Garner, Bryan A. (2002). The Elements of Legal Style (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-19-514162-7. Search this book on
- Garner, Bryan A. (2010). "Interviews with United States Supreme Court Justices" (PDF). The Scribes Journal of Legal Writing. Lansing: Scribes- The American Society of Legal Writers. 13: 182. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2013-03-25.
- Garner, Bryan A. (2009). Garner on Language and Writing: Selected Essays and Speeches of Bryan A. Garner. Chicago: American Bar Association. p. 876. ISBN 1-60442-445-1. Search this book on
- Garner, Bryan A. (2009). Garner's Modern American Usage (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1008. ISBN 978-0-19-538275-4. Search this book on
- Garner, Bryan A. (2001). "Legal Writing in Plain English, Exercises". The University of Chicago Press. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- How to Write in Plain English (PDF). London: Plain English Campaign. 1998. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Search this book on
- Kimble, Joseph (1992). "The Many Misuses of 'Shall'". Scribes Journal of Legal Writing. Lansing: Scribes- The American Society of Legal Writers. 3: 61โ77.
- Kimble, Joseph (2002). "The Elements of Plain Language" (PDF). Michigan Bar Journal. Lansing: State Bar of Michigan. 81 (10): 2.
- Kimble, Joseph (1998โ2000). "The Great Myth That Plain Language Is Not Precise" (PDF). Scribes Journal of Legal Writing. Lansing: Scribes- The American Society of Legal Writers. 7: 109โ118. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25.
- Lebovitz, Gerald (NovโDec 2008). "Plain English: Eschew Legalese". New York State Bar Journal. Albany, New York: New York State Bar Association. 80 (64): 58โ61. ISSN 1934-2020. SSRN 1303010.
- Lebovitz, Gerald (2001). "On Terra Firma with English". New York State Bar Journal. Albany, New York: New York State Bar Association. 74 (7): 64. ISSN 1934-2020. SSRN 1301664.
- Saffire, William (30 March 1997). "Hush Money". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
- Schiess, Wayne (December 2008 โ January 2009). "Lite Connectors". Austin Lawyer. Austin: Austin Bar Association. 13: 2. SSRN 1322123.
- Schiess, Wayne (2003โ2004). "What Plain English Really Is". Scribes Journal of Legal Writing. Lansing: Scribes- The American Society of Legal Writers. 9: 43. SSRN 1329051.
- The A to Z of alternative words (PDF). London: Plain English Campaign. 2001. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-25. Search this book on
- "Tips & Tools: Simple word suggestions". plainlanguage.gov. Plain Language Action and Information Network (PLAIN). 2013-03-23. Archived from the original on 2013-03-25. Retrieved 2013-03-23.
- Wydick, Richard C. (1978). "Plain English for Lawyers". California Law Review. Berkeley: California Law Review, inc. 66 (4): 727โ65. doi:10.2307/3479966. JSTOR 3479966. Archived from the original on 2013-03-25.
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