Me Too (hashtag)
"Me Too" (or "#MeToo", with local alternatives in other languages) spread virally as a two-word hashtag used on social media in October 2017 to denounce sexual assault and harassment, in the wake of sexual misconduct allegations against film producer and executive Harvey Weinstein.[1][2][3] The phrase, long used in this sense by social activist Tarana Burke, was popularized by actress Alyssa Milano, who encouraged women to tweet it to publicize experiences to demonstrate the widespread nature of misogynistic behavior.[4][5] Since then, millions of people have used the hashtag to come forward with their experiences, including many celebrities.[6][7]
Origin[edit]
Social activist and community organizer Tarana Burke created the phrase "Me Too" on the MySpace social network[8] in 2006 as part of a grassroots campaign to promote "empowerment through empathy" among women of color who have experienced sexual abuse, particularly within underprivileged communities.[4][9][10][11][12] Burke, who is creating a documentary titled Me Too, has said she was inspired to use the phrase after being unable to respond to a 13-year-old girl who confided to her that she had been sexually assaulted. Burke later wished she had simply told the girl, "me too".[8]
On October 15, 2017, actress Alyssa Milano encouraged spreading the phrase as part of an awareness campaign to show the scale and ubiquity of the problem, tweeting: "If all the women who have been sexually harassed or assaulted wrote 'Me too.' as a status, we might give people a sense of the magnitude of the problem."[13][14][15][6][4] Milano later attributed the phrase to Burke, calling Burke's story "heartwarming and inspiring".[8]
Reach and impact[edit]
The phrase had been used more than 200,000 times by October 15,[16] and tweeted more than 500,000 times by October 16.[1] On Facebook, the hashtag had been used by more than 4.7 million people in 12 million posts during the first 24 hours.[7] The platform reported that 45% of users in the United States had a friend who had posted using the term.[17]
Tens of thousands of women replied to Milano's tweet, including:[18]
- Patricia Arquette[19]
- Thora Birch[20]
- Björk[21][22]
- Gretchen Carlson[2]
- Barry Crimmins[19]
- Bethany Cosentino[23]
- Sheryl Crow[6]
- Vir Das[24]
- Viola Davis[6]
- Kimya Dawson[25]
- Rosario Dawson[6]
- Felicia Day[21]
- Ellen DeGeneres[26]
- Laura Dreyfuss[27]
- Mallika Dua[24]
- Nikki DuBose[12]
- Sadie Dupuis[23]
- America Ferrera[28][29]
- Lady Gaga[6]
- Ilana Glazer[21]
- Heather Graham[21]
- Sarah Hyland[6]
- Rupi Kaur[30]
- Marne Levine[31]
- Monica Lewinsky[32]
- Amber Liu[33]
- Melanie Lynskey[21]
- McKayla Maroney[6][34][35]
- Marlee Matlin[36]
- Debra Messing[1]
- Lane Moore[25]
- Javier Muñoz[1]
- Ashleigh Murray[37]
- Anna Paquin[1]
- Pauley Perrette[37]
- Christina Perri[23]
- Busy Philipps[6]
- Emily Ratajkowski[31]
- Molly Ringwald[21]
- Anika Noni Rose[38]
- Jenny Slate[21]
- Gabrielle Union[2][39]
- Jessica Valenti[30]
- Elizabeth Warren[30][40]
- Evan Rachel Wood[6]
- Reese Witherspoon[41]
Some men, such as actors Terry Crews[42] and James Van Der Beek,[43] have responded to the hashtag with their own experiences of harassment and abuse, while others have responded by acknowledging past behaviors against women, spawning the hashtag "HowIWillChange."[13] The hashtag "HimThough" was coined by Elizabeth Plank.[44]
In addition to Hollywood, "Me Too" declarations elicited discussion of sexual harassment and abuse in the music industry,[23] sciences,[45] academia,[46] and politics.[47] In the music industry, the band Veruca Salt used the #MeToo hashtag to air allegations of sexual harassment against James Toback,[48] and Alice Glass used the hashtag to share a history of alleged sexual assault and other abuses by former Crystal Castles bandmate Ethan Kath.[49][50]
Statehouses in California, Illinois, Oregon, and Rhode Island responded to allegations of sexual harassment surfaced by the campaign,[51] and several women in politics spoke out about their experiences of sexual harassment, including United States Senators Heidi Heitkamp, Mazie Hirono, Claire McCaskill and Elizabeth Warren.[47] Congresswoman Jackie Speier has introduced a bill aimed at making sexual harassment complaints easier to report on Capitol Hill.[52]
On November 12, 2017 in Hollywood, a few hundred men, women, and children participated in the "Take Back the Workplace March" and the "#MeToo Survivors March" to protest sexual abuse.[53]
On November 16, 2017, US Senator Kirsten Gillibrand of New York specifically referred to "the 'Me Too' Movement" when asked about allegations of sexual misconduct by politicians such as President Donald Trump, former President Bill Clinton, Senator Al Franken of Minnesota, and Roy Moore.[54]
On November 23, 2017, actress Uma Thurman posted a Thanksgiving Day message on her Instagram account accompanied by the #MeToo hashtag. She wrote, "I said I was angry recently, and I have a few reasons, #metoo, in case you couldn’t tell by the look on my face."[55]
International response[edit]
The hashtag has trended in at least 85 countries,[56] including India, Pakistan, and the United Kingdom. Variants of the phrase trended in France,[16] using "BalanceTonPorc" (DenounceYourPig),[57] which encouraged users to share the names of their alleged abusers.[58] In the Philippines men and women shared their harrowing experiences with their offenders.[59] In Italy, women posted stories of assault and harassment under the hashtag #QuellaVoltaChe translated literally into "#TheTimeThat."[60][61] The Spanish-language counterpart is "#YoTambién". In French-speaking parts of Canada, the campaign is done under the hashtag "#MoiAussi". In Israel, the Hebrew hashtag "גםאנחנו#" (#UsToo) began trending on October 18, with a front page spread in the newspaper Yediot Aharonot.[57] In Sweden, several women used the hashtag to confront television presenter Martin Timell[62], whose shows on TV4 were cancelled on October 20, 2017,[63][64] and journalist Fredrik Virtanen's[65] alleged abuse towards them.
The European Parliament convened a session directly in response to the Me Too campaign, after it gave rise to allegations of abuse in Parliament and in the European Union's offices in Brussels. Cecilia Malmstrom, the European Commissioner for Trade, specifically cited the hashtag as the reason the meeting had been convened.[66] In the UK, the Cabinet Office has launched an investigation in allegations that Parliament member Mark Garnier ordered a secretary to buy sex toys for his wife and mistress.[67]
In China, the websphere reacted in anger following the media claims that harassment was a foreign problem, claiming Chinese men to be educated as protective.[68]
In Hong Kong, track and field athlete Vera Lui Lai-Yiu posted her own case of sex abuse with the hashtag on her Facebook fanpage on her 23rd birthday. She decided to reveal the case after similar action by the gymnast McKayla Maroney. Lui specifically used the "#metoo" hashtag and posted a picture of herself holding a piece of paper with the handwritten words "#metoo lly" (her initials).[69][70][71][72][73]
List of local alternative hashtags[edit]
- Arabic: أنا_كمان# (en: MeToo)
- Basque Country: #NiEre (en: MeToo)
- Canada, French-speaking areas: #MoiAussi (en: MeToo)
- Catalonia: #JoTambé (en: MeToo)
- China: #我也是 (en: MeToo)
- English-speaking countries: #MeToo
- France: #balanceTonPorc (en: DenounceYourPig)[74]
- Iran: #من_هم_همینطور (en: MeToo)
- Italy: #QuellaVoltaChe (en: TheTimeThat)
- Israel: גםאנחנו# (en: UsToo)
- Japan: #meToo (en: MeToo)
- Norway: #stilleforopptak (en: SilentForRecording)
- Russia: #Ятоже (en: MeToo)
- South Korea: #나도 (en: MeToo)
- Spain: #YoTambién (en: MeToo)
- Vietnam: #TôiCũngVậy (en: MeToo)
Criticism[edit]
The hashtag has been criticized for putting the responsibility of publicizing sexual harassment and abuse on those who experienced it, which could be re-traumatizing.[75][76][77][78] Some found the hashtag to inspire fatigue and outrage, rather than emotionally dense communication.[79][80] Burke had initially criticized the movement for ignoring the work of black women in creating dialogue addressing sexual assault. However, she did salute those who partook in the movement and credited Milano for acknowledging Burke's own similar movement.[9]
See also[edit]
Other articles of the topic Internet : Kayden James Buchanan, Newgrounds, PewPew, MrWolfy, YouTube Music, Rotten Tomatoes, List of most popular websites
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- 2017 Westminster sexual scandals
- Girls for Gender Equity
- Hashtag activism
- Operation Yewtree
- Who Needs Feminism
- YesAllWomen
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 France, Lisa Respers (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Social media flooded with personal stories of assault". CNN. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Schmidt, Samantha (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Harvey Weinstein case moves thousands to tell their own stories of abuse, break silence". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ Chuck, Elizabeth (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Alyssa Milano promotes hashtag that becomes anti-harassment rallying cry". NBC News. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Guerra, Cristela (October 17, 2017). "Where'd the "Me Too" initiative really come from? Activist Tarana Burke, long before hashtags - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ Khomami, Nadia (October 20, 2017). "#MeToo: how a hashtag became a rallying cry against sexual harassment" – via www.theguardian.com.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 "#MeToo: Sexual Harassment and Assault Movement Tweeted Over 500,000 Times as Celebs Share Stories". People. October 16, 2017.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 CNN, Cassandra Santiago and Doug Criss. "An activist, a little girl and the heartbreaking origin of 'Me too'". CNN. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Ohlheiser, Abby (October 19, 2017). "The woman behind 'Me Too; knew the power of the phrase when she created it — 10 years ago". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Hill, Zahara (October 16, 2017). "Black Woman Tarana Burke Founded the "Me Too" Movement". Ebony. ISSN 0012-9011. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Leah, Rachel (October 17, 2017). "Hollywood's brightest join the 10-year-old #MeToo movement, but will that change anything?". Salon. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Shugerman, Emily (October 17, 2017). "Me Too: Why are women sharing stories of sexual assault and how did it start?". The Independent. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Mazza, Ed (October 16, 2017). "#MeToo: Alyssa Milano's Call for Sexual Abuse Victims to Come Forward Goes Viral". HuffPost. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Graham, Ruth (October 17, 2017). "Why the #MeToo Moment Is Liberating, Dispiriting, and Uncomfortable All at Once". Slate. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ Moore, Suzanne (October 16, 2017). "It's not just one monster. 'Me too' reveals the ubiquity of sexual assault". The Guardian. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
- ↑ "In saying #MeToo, Alyssa Milano pushes awareness campaign about sexual assault and harassment". Los Angeles Times. Tronc. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 Sini, Rozina (October 16, 2017). "'MeToo' and the scale of sexual abuse". BBC News.
- ↑ "More than 12M "Me Too" Facebook posts, comments, reactions in 24 hours". CBS News. October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
- ↑ "The #MeToo Movement On Social Media". Eyerys. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ 19.0 19.1 John, Tara. "Tons of Celebrities Are Joining Alyssa Milano's 'Me Too' Protest". Time. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ Thora Birch [@1107miss] (2017-10-16). "Thora Birch on Twitter: 'Oops.. Guess I missed this last night, but anyway. #MeToo'" (Tweet). Retrieved 2017-11-07 – via Twitter.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 Rife, Katie (October 17, 2017). "An incomplete, depressingly long list of celebrities' sexual assault and harassment stories". The A.V. Club. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ "Björk lends voice to #MeToo campaign to detail sexual harassment at hands of Danish director". NME. October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 23.3 "Lady Gaga, Sheryl Crow and More Tweet #MeToo To Raise Awareness for Sexual Assault". Billboard. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 "#MeToo: Lady Gaga, Mallika Dua and other celebrities share their experiences". The Indian Express. Indian Express Limited. October 17, 2017. OCLC 70274541. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Millstein, Seth (October 15, 2017). "9 Celebrities Whose "Me Too" Tweets Lay Bare the Everyday Reality of Sexual Assault". Bustle. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ "Ellen DeGeneres shares #MeToo: 'Hell hath no fury like a woman with a Twitter account'". Entertainment Weekly. October 19, 2017. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
- ↑ "#MeToo Floods Social Media With Stories of Harassment and Assault". The New York Times. October 16, 2017.
- ↑ "America Ferrera Says She Was Sexually Assaulted When She Was 9 Years Old". Cosmopolitan.
- ↑ "America Ferrera's #MeToo story: I was sexually assaulted at age 9". USA Today. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 "As #MeToo trends, here's a list of sex scandals in tech and entertainment". Mercury News. October 16, 2017.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 "COO of Instagram Marne Levine and Emily Ratajkowski on How the Platform Is Combatting Sexual Harassment". Marie Claire.
- ↑ "Women join forces against sexual assault with 'me too' social media campaign". The Christian Science Monitor. October 16, 2017.
- ↑ "K-Pop Star Amber of f(x) Joins '#MeToo' Movement: 'It Happens Everywhere'". Billboard. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
- ↑ "In #metoo post, Olympic gymnast McKayla Maroney says she was molested". nbcnews.com. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ Mather, Victor (October 18, 2017). "Olympic Gymnast McKayla Maroney Says She Too Was Molested by Team Doctor". The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ "The celebrities who have said #MeToo about sexual assault and harassment". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
- ↑ 37.0 37.1 "Stars raise sexual assault awareness with #MeToo Twitter campaign". EW. October 16, 2017. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
- ↑ ""Me Too" trend on Twitter raises awareness about sexual assault". CBS News. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ "Gabrielle Union Vows to 'Continue' Sexual Assault Conversation: 'It Was Wild ... to See #MeToo Trending'". US Magazine.
- ↑ "'Me too': Elizabeth Warren adds her voice to campaign raising awareness of sexual harassment and assault". The Boston Globe.
- ↑ Hill, Libby. "Today in Entertainment: Larissa Gomes, Lena Headey accuse Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ Mumford, Gwilym (October 11, 2017). "Actor Terry Crews: I was sexually assaulted by Hollywood executive". The Guardian. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
- ↑ Leah, Rachel. "James Van Der Beek's story of sexual abuse is a powerful reminder that men can be victims too". Salon. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ "12 million women told their story of sexual assault with #MeToo. Now a new hashtag is asking men to take responsibility". The Independent. October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ Neill, Ushma S. "When Scientists Say, "Me, Too"". Scientific American Blog Network. Scientific American.
- ↑ Gordon, Maggie (October 19, 2017). "'Me Too' the 'end of the beginning' of a movement". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 23, 2017.
- ↑ 47.0 47.1 Wang, Amy B. (October 21, 2017). "Senators say #MeToo: McCaskill, others share their stories of sexual harassment". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 22, 2017.
- ↑ Director James Toback accused of sexual harassment by 38 women Travis M. Andrews, The Washington Post, October 23, 2017
- ↑ Aswad, Jem (October 24, 2017). "Alice Glass Accuses Former Crystal Castles Bandmate of Sexual Assault, Abuse". Variety. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Vincent, Alice (October 25, 2017). "Crystal Castles' Ethan Kath has denied claims by bandmate Alice Glass that he raped and abused her for years". The Telegraph. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Tareen, Sophia. "Latest Front in Weinstein Scandal: Statehouses Say 'Me Too'". US News and World Report. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Cadei, Emily. "Few in Washington are saying #MeToo. California congresswoman wants to change that". Miami Herald. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Bahr, Lindsey (November 13, 2017). "Hundreds in Hollywood march against sexual harassment". The Press Democrat. Associated Press. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer (November 16, 2017). "Bill Clinton Should Have Resigned Over Lewinsky Affair, Kirsten Gillibrand Says" – via www.nytimes.com.
- ↑ Tartaglione, Nancy (23 November 2017). "Uma Thurman To Harvey Weinstein: "I'm Glad It's Going Slowly, You Don't Deserve A Bullet… Stay Tuned"". Deadline. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
- ↑ Strum, Laura. "Twitter chat: What #MeToo says about sexual abuse in society". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ 57.0 57.1 Etehad, Melissa (October 18, 2017). "A global primal scream: #MeToo (#YoTambien #QuellaVoltaChe #גםאנחנו أنا_كمان#)". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ↑ Donadio, Rachel. "#BalanceTonPorc Is France's #MeToo". The Atlantic. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ↑ http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/10/17/Filipinos-MeToo-anti-sexual-harassment-campaign.html
- ↑ Montini, Beatrice (October 17, 2017). "Weinstein, Giulia Blasi e le storie su #quellavoltache: «Se c'è squilibrio di potere non c'è mai consenso. Basta processare le vittime»" [Weinstein, Giulia Blasi, and stories posted to #quellavoltache: "When there's a power imbalance, it can never be consensual. Quit putting victims on trial."]. Corriere della Sera (in italiano). Milan. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
- ↑ See also: @ResistanceItaly (October 17, 2017). "#quellavoltache is the Italian #metoo hashtag" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ↑ "Martin Timell anklagas för sexism och rasism under inspelningar av "Äntligen hemma"". Expressen. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Timell bryter tystnaden och erkänner: "Är chockad över att jag gjort så mycket fel"". Expressen. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Swedish media probe sexual offence allegations". The Local. October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ "Cissi Wallin om anklagelserna mot Virtanen: "Bara toppen av ett isberg"".
- ↑ Schreuer, Milan (October 25, 2017). "A #MeToo Moment for the European Parliament". The New York Times. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
- ↑ Wootson Jr, Cleve R. (October 29, 2017). "A British minister admits he made his secretary buy sex toys as #MeToo hits Parliament". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 29, 2017.
- ↑ Anger as Chinese media claim harassment is just a western problem https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/17/anger-as-chinese-media-claim-harassment-is-just-a-western-problem
- ↑ "我被我的前教練性侵犯". Facebook (in 中文). November 30, 2017.
- ↑ "香港體育界驚爆性侵 「欄后」呂麗瑤生日FB勇敢指控前教練". Apple Daily Hong Kong (in 中文). November 30, 2017.
- ↑ "Hong Kong athlete says coach abused her as teen". Digital Journal. November 30, 2017.
- ↑ "Police to investigate after Hong Kong hurdler Vera Lui says coach sexually assaulted her when she was 13". South China Morning Post. November 30, 2017.
- ↑ "Hurdler Vera Lui claims sexual assault by coach in teenage years". the Standard. November 30, 2017.
- ↑ ‘Revolt’ in France Against Sexual Harassment Hits Cultural Resistance https://nyti.ms/2jCTJxD
- ↑ Schlack, Julie. "#MeToo Flared But Won't Endure". www.wbur.org. NPR. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ↑ Maltby, Kate. "Mayim Bialik and the trouble with #MeToo". CNN. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ↑ Gerson, Jen (October 17, 2017). "Jen Gerson: I mean no disrespect when I say that I have a problem with #MeToo". National Post. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ↑ CNN, Sandee LaMotte,. "#MeToo sexual assault stories trigger trauma for some". CNN. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
- ↑ Hempel, Jessi. "The Problem with #MeToo and Viral Outrage | Backchannel". Wired. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
- ↑ Charleston, Libby-Jane (October 17, 2017). "Why I'm Not Joining The #MeToo Hashtag Even Though I Was Sexually Harassed". HuffPost. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
External links[edit]
- Me too Movement movement website
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