Melig-Temür
| Melik Temür | |
|---|---|
| Died | 2 June 1307 Shangdu, Yuan dynasty |
| Issue | Salanghai, Minggan, Achigi, Yesün Tuva, Baritai, Chiratai, Oiratai, Mahmud |
| House | Borjigin |
| Father | Ariq Böke |
Melig-Temür (Chinese: 明里帖木兒; pinyin: Mínglǐ Tiēmù'ér;; died 2 June 1307), also rendered as Meligtömör, was a prince of the Mongol Empire and the Yuan dynasty. He was the second son of Ariq Böke, a claimant to the position of Khagan, and a grandson of Tolui.
Biography
In 1276, Melig-Temür was included in a major Yuan expedition sent by his uncle, the Emperor Shizu (Kublai), to subdue the rebel prince Kaidu. The force was commanded by Kublai's son Nomughan and the Right-Chancellor Antong.[1] During the campaign, Melig-Temür conspired with other princes, including Möngke's grandson Shiregi and prince Tög Temür, to stage a mutiny. They captured Nomughan and Antong, handed them over to Kaidu, and defected to his cause.[1] Melig-Temür subsequently became a prominent commander in Kaidu's forces, operating on the northwestern frontiers of the Mongol Plateau for over two decades.
After Kublai's death and during the reign of his successor Emperor Chengzong (Temür), Kaidu died (c. 1301) and the Ögedeid ulus fell into disorder. Melig-Temür, along with his subjects and troops, eventually submitted to the Yuan dynasty in 1306.[2][3]
Following Emperor Chengzong's death in early 1307, a succession crisis erupted. Empress Bulugan and her faction, including the Left-Chancellor Agutai, conspired to place Prince Ananda of Anxi on the throne. Melig-Temür, who had accompanied Ananda to Dadu, joined this plot.[4] However, Prince Haishan (the future Emperor Wuzong) and his brother Prince Ayurbarwada staged a counter-coup in Dadu. They executed Agutai, deposed Empress Bulugan, and defeated the forces of Ananda and Melig-Temür. After his capture, Melig-Temür was taken to Shangdu. Upon Prince Haishan's accession, both Ananda and Melig-Temür were executed on 2 June 1307 on charges of treason.[4]
Family
Wives
- Gilte Khatun (Гильтэ хатан), daughter of Taran, a Jalayir noble. She managed the ordos (palace-tents) that had belonged to Tolui's junior wife, Lingqum Khatun.[5]
- Bura Khatun (Бура хатан), daughter of Shirehi of the Dörben clan.[5]
- Emegen Khatun, daughter of Bars Buqa, son of Törölchi of the Oirats.[5]
- Tügmeg Öljei, daughter of the centurion Baigar.[5]
Sons
Melig-Temür had at least eight sons:[5][6]
- Salanghai (Салангхайн)
- Minggan (Мингхан), grandfather of the Ilkhanate ruler Arpa Ke'un.
- Achigi (Ачиги)
- Yesün Tuva (Есөн Тува)
- Baritai (Баритай)
- Chiratai (Чиратай)
- Oiratai (Ойратай), son of Bura Khatun.
- Mahmud (Махмуд), son of Bura Khatun.
His great-grandson, Arpa Ke'un, briefly became the Ilkhan in 1335–1336.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Rashid al-Din Hamadani. Compendium of Chronicles. Translated from Russian with annotations by Ts. Surenkhorloo. Ulaanbaatar, 2002. Vol. II.
- ↑ Yuanshi, Vol. 22. "[In the tenth year of Dade (1306)...] in the eighth month, [Haishan] arrived at the Irtysh region and accepted the submission of the various surrendering princes Tümen, Melik Temür, Alqui, and others."
- ↑ Yuanshi, Vol. 119, Biography of Yue Chicha'er. "In the winter of the tenth year of Dade (1306), the rebel prince Melik Temür and others were encamped at the Altai Mountains. Emperor Wuzong (Haishan) led troops and caught them by surprise..."
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yuanshi, Vol. 22. "[On the Yichou day of the fifth month in the eleventh year of Dade (2 June 1307)], Renzong (Ayurbarwada) attended the Empress Dowager and came for a meeting. The princes of the left and right wings all arrived for the council. They deposed Empress Bayaowuzhen (Bulugan), sent her to live in Dong'an Prefecture, and ordered her to commit suicide. They arrested Ananda, Prince of Anxi, and the prince Melik Temür, brought them to Shangdu, and also ordered them to commit suicide."
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Rashid al-Din Hamadani. Compendium of Chronicles. Translated by Ts. Surenkhorloo. Ulaanbaatar, 2002. Vol. II, p. 230.
- ↑ Rashid al-Din Hamadani. Compendium of Chronicles. Translated by Ts. Surenkhorloo. Ulaanbaatar, 2002. Vol. II, p. 119.
Further reading
- Matsuda, Kōichi. "Melig-Temür and His Power". Inner Asian Studies, No. 4 (1988), pp. 93–96.
- Shiraishi, Noriyuki. "The Lineage of Ariq Böke". Mongolian Studies, Journal of the Association for Mongolian Studies, 2004.
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