N-V-T
In linguistics, N-V-T, as published in 2014, is a framework of analysis for the assessment of address pronouns and alternatives.[1] It has since then been cited in studies that involve a wide variety of languages, amongst them English,[2] Indonesian,[3] Lithuanian,[4] Portuguese[5] and Spanish.[6] Review comments on a subsequent publication of N-V-T in 2019[7] mention the value of N for a neutral choice not only in English, with pronoun "you", but also in other languages and by resorting to different techniques.[8]
N-V-T adds N to the T-V distinction, which is based on a 1960 work.[9] In this binary model, T is associated with familiarity or informality and V with politeness or formality; and the two options are related to factors power and solidarity. N-V-T presents a theoretical tool of evaluation where dynamics are taken into account between three possibilities – N, V and T – thus catering for several features that have been identified in scholarly works, such as a neutral, unmarked approach;[10][11][12] types and roles of nominal T and V;[13][14][15] grades of T and V;[16][17][18] seeking a ‘default’ form;[19][20][21] semantic ambiguities and covert meanings.[22][23][24]
References[edit]
- ↑ Cook, Manuela (2014). "Beyond T and V – Theoretical Reflections on the Analysis of Forms of Address". American Journal of Linguistics. 3 (1): 17–26. doi:10.5923/j.linguistics.20140301.03 (inactive 2021-01-15).
- ↑ Formentelli, Maicol; Hajek, John (2016). "Address practices in academic interactions in a pluricentric language". Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (Ipra). 26 (4): 631–652. doi:10.1075/prag.26.4.05for. hdl:11343/129713.
- ↑ doi:10.21512/humaniora.v9:3.4811
- ↑ Pavilavičiūtė, Gintarė (2019). "Translation as a Barrier Between the Original Narrative and the Reader: A Case Study of Power Relations and Address forms in two Crime Fiction Novels". Sustainable Multilingualism. 15: 147–169. doi:10.2478/sm-2019-0018. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ Bazenga, Aline (2019). "Forms of address in an insular variety of European Portuguese (Funchal, Madeira Island): A Labovian analysis". doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31586.58569/1.
- ↑ Schreurs, Leanne (2019). The language of hospitality: Crossing the threshold between speech act and linguistic form. doi:10.33612/diss.101947146. ISBN 9789463756464. Search this book on
- ↑ Cook, Manuela (2019). "Chapter 1. N-V-T, a framework for the analysis of social dynamics in address pronouns". The Social Dynamics of Pronominal Systems. Pragmatics & Beyond New Series. 304. John Benjamins. pp. 17–34. doi:10.1075/pbns.304.01coo. ISBN 978-90-272-0316-8. Search this book on
- ↑ Burt, Susan (20 May 2020). "Review: Discourse Analysis; Pragmatics; Sociolinguistics: Bouissac (2019)". The LINGUIST List. 31: 1697.
- ↑ Brown, Roger, and Albert Gilman (1960). “The Pronouns of Power and Solidarity.” Style in Language, ed. by Thomas A. Sebeok (Ed.), pp 253-276. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Press
- ↑ Brown, Penelope, and Stephen Levinson (1987). Politeness. Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- ↑ Clyne, Michael, Catrin Norrby and Jane Warren (2009). Language and Human Relations. Styles of Address in Contemporary Language. P. 39. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- ↑ Liu, Yongcan (2011). “A New Sociolinguistic Model of Address Term Progression”. Sociolinguistics, Edmund Spencer (Ed.). Pp. 99-117. New York: Nova Science Publishers
- ↑ Sun, Chaofen (2006). Chinese: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- ↑ Clyne, Michael, Catrin Norrby and Jane Warren (2009). Pp. 17-19. Language and Human Relations. Styles of Address in Contemporary Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
- ↑ Tsujimura, Natsuko (2013). An Introduction to Japanese Linguistics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
- ↑ Braun, Friedrike (1988). “Terms of Address. Problems of patterns and usage in various languages and cultures.” Journal of Linguistics 26 (1). Pp 265-274
- ↑ Hickey, Raymond (2003). “The German address system: Binary and scalar system at once.” Diachronic Perspectives on Address Form Systems. I. Raavitsainen, and A. Jucker (Eds.). Pp 401-425. Amsterdam: Benjamin
- ↑ Kretzenbacher, Heinz (2010). “Man ordnet ja bestimmte Leute irgendwo ein für sich… Anrede und soziale Deixis”. Deutsche Sprache 38(1) Pp 1-18
- ↑ Barthes, Roland (1971). “Ecrivains, intellectuels, professeurs”. Tel quell. Pp 47:1-15
- ↑ Kretzenbacher, Heinz (1991). “Vom Sie zum Du – und retour?”. In Vom Sie zum Du – mehr als eine neue Konvention? Hein Kretzenbacher and Wulf Segebrecht (Eds.). Pp 9-77. Hamburg: Luchterhand
- ↑ Halmøy, Odile (1999). “Le vouvoiement en français: forme non-marquée de la seconde personne du singulier.” XIV Skandinaviska Romanistkongressen. J. Nystedt (Ed.)
- ↑ Chaika, Elaine (1989). Language, the Social Mirror. New York: Harper and Row
- ↑ Holmes, Janet (2001). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. London: Longman
- ↑ Formentelli, Maicol (2007). “The vocative mate in contemporary English: A corpus based study.” Language Resources and Linguistic Theory, A. Sansò (Ed.). Pp 180-199. Milan: Franco Angeli
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