National Institute of Metrological Research
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| National Reserch Institute overview | |
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| Formed | 2006 |
| Headquarters | Turin, Italy |
| National Reserch Institute executive |
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| Website | www |
The National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM) is a national public institution of scientific research supervised by the Ministry of University and Research, which performs for Italy the functions of the national metrological institute, constituting the presidium of most of the metrology, the science of measurements.
INRIM realises, maintains, and develops the national reference standards of the measurement units of the International System (SI), consisting of seven base units - metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole, and candela - and derived units. Thanks to these standards, the Institute ensures measurements that are reliable and comparable on both a national and international scale.
INRiM promotes the scientific research and the establishment of infrastructures of excellence, with major attention to key enabling and/or emerging technologies for the challenges of today's society that are proposed in European, national and regional programs. INRiM also enhances, spreads, and transfers knowledge and research results to promote the development of the country in its various components.
Among other tasks, until 2016 he provided the sample hourly signal for RAI.[1]
History[edit]
Apparently, the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) has a short history as it was founded just in 2006. Actually, it has quite an age since it was created by the merger of two research centres, the Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale Galileo Ferraris and the Istituto di Metrologia Gustavo Colonnetti, both established in Turin in the last century. The history of these institutes and the history of the Italian metrology have moved forward together. In Italy, the development of the science of measurement was stimulated by industries appearing in the Piedmont region in the second half of the nineteenth century. Turin, which in 1865 had lost its role of Italy's capital city in favor of Florence, found a new calling as industrial city. A dedicated committee studied how to transform the former capital of the Italian kingdom in an industrial metropolis based on the British model. The project was successful: in a few years, ministries and embassies gave way to factories and laboratories.
These were the years of the second industrial revolution, when the growth of productive and commercial activities made Europe and United States of America increasingly aware that a unified system of weights and measures was necessary.
In 1875, seventeen countries, Italy included, signed in Paris the Metre Convention, the international treaty that laid the basis to create a shared language to express measurements: the International System of units. The following step was the foundation of national metrology institutes in all the signatory countries. Already in 1882, the scientist Galileo Ferraris, attentive to the metrological needs of industry, called for laboratories that could preserve and reproduce the standards of the electric measures.
In 1929 Giancarlo Vallauri, professor at Politecnico di Torino and successor of Galileo Ferraris as director of the Electrical School, took up this idea. His purpose was to create a research centre to support university laboratories as well as industry. The construction of this centre started and, in 1934, a Royal Decree ratified the foundation of the Istituto Elettrotecnico Nazionale (IEN) entitled to Galileo Ferraris. Vallauri was its first President.
Over the years, IEN's research activities expanded from the electrical domain to the fields of time and frequency, optics, acoustic and materials science. In the fifties, Gustavo Colonnetti, then President of the Italian Research Council, proposed to create a metrology institute in order to integrate IEN’s activities and to support the industrial development. Respectively in 1956 and in 1957, the Istituto Dinamometrico and the Istituto Termometrico were therefore established.
In 1968, both Institutes together with other laboratories in charge for length, mass and volume measurements became sections of a new Metrology Institute entitled to Gustavo Colonnetti, its major contributor (IMGC) . IEN and IMGC continued to work in parallel until 2006, when the merger of both into INRIM has simplified the organisation of the Italian metrology.
Activities[edit]
INRiM carries out the functions of primary metrological institute, already in IMGC and IEN competence, therefore, constituting the presidium of most of the scientific metrology in Italy (the field of ionizing radiations is still excluded). The fundamental metrological activity, recognized at international level, is supported and flanked by basic and applied research in several fields: material science, nanosciences, quantum optics, development of innovative technologies and measuring instruments, studies on fundamental constants of physics.
In particular, INRiM performs studies and researches finalized to the realization of the primary standards of the basic and derived units of the new international system SI, preserves, compares at international level and makes available the realized standards.
Moreover:
● it carries out, promotes and coordinates, also in the framework of European Union programs and international organizations, scientific and technological research activities, both through its own structures and in collaboration with universities and other public and private, national and international subjects;
● it promotes and coordinates the Italian participation in international organizations, projects and initiatives, providing expertise and scientific consulting;
● it performs activities of communication and promotion of research, taking care of the diffusion of its economic and social results within the country, through conferences, exhibitions, events and congresses;
● it promotes the training and the technical-professional growth of researchers in the scientific fields of its competence, through the assignment of scholarships, research grants and doctoral courses;
● it carries out, upon request, technical-scientific consulting activities in favor of scientific institutions, public administrations, companies or other private subjects and provides services to third parties under private law;
● it coordinates the cooperation among the European metrological institutes in the research framework and supports of the National Calibration System, guaranteeing the quality of the metrological references and taking care of the dissemination of the national standards of measurement and calibration units (CMC, from Calibration and Measurement Capabilities).
INRiM is responsible for the development and execution of the European Metrology Research Programme and the European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR) and is a member of the EURopean Association of National METrology Institutes (EURAMET)[2]. EURAMET is the regional metrology organization (RMO) that brings together European countries.
Divisions[edit]
In November 2018, a new articulation of the technical-scientific structures of the INRiM was launched, operational since 1 January 2019, in compliance with the provisions of Article 12, paragraph 2, letter b of the Statute[3], whose task is to plan and conduct the technical-scientific activities of the Institute.
The three Divisions[4] of the new structure of INRiM are:
Advanced materials metrology and life sciences (ML) The Division develops metrological science and advanced materials with attention to research and applications in life sciences. Themes include, but are not limited to, healthcare connected to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, food quality and safety, biological and chemical measurements,responsive and functional materials, ultrasound and acoustics.
Applied metrology and engineering (AE) The Division develops meteorological science and technology with attention to engineering and industrial needs. The Division is in charge of the realization and dissemination of mechanical and thermodynamic quantities, as well as the dissemination of electrical quantities.Themes include, but are not limited to, sustainable mobility, environmental monitoring and climate, energy management, and the development of metrology tools in the increasingly digitalized world.
Quantum metrology and nano technologies (QN) The Division develops metrological science and nano technologies with attention to quantum applications.The Division is in charge of the realization and dissemination of time and frequency units, of photometric and radiometric quantities, and the realization of the electrical units.Themes include, but are not limited to, the potential of metrology for atomic physics, photonics, quantum electronics, quantum devices, and quantum measurements, and vice versa.
The Divisions plan and implement the Institute scientific and technical activities. Each division contributes within its competence to the three Institute missions:
● Developing and fostering scientific research in metrology. This activity includes the science of measurement as such, the research on materials, innovative standards of measurement units, the innovative usage and adaptation of measurement in challenging areas of grand national and international interest.
● Acting in the capacity of Italian National Metrology Institute (L. 273/1991); this includes maintaining, improving and disseminating the national standards of the assigned SI units, and representing Italy in the international metrology bodies.
● Fostering, releasing and transferring the available knowledge to the economy and to society at large; this includes applied research, training and knowledge transfer, attention to companies, advice to the public administration, support to the economy, and standardization.
Services[edit]
In its role as National Metrological Institute, INRIM provides the measurement traceability by means of a comprehensive measurement, testing and calibration portfolio with over 400 services available in the field of mechanics, thermodynamics, time and frequency, electricity, photometry and acoustics.
CALIBRATION AND TESTING[5]
The Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs) recognised by the CIPM-MRA (Mutual Recognition Arrangement) are published in the Annex C of such agreement and are currently available at the BIPM Website. All calibration and measurement certificates recognised by the CIPM-MRA are clearly labelled with the CIPM MRA logo. The metrology services are all implemented under its Quality Management System (QMS) which complies with the ISO / IEC 17025. The measurement traceability also complies to the ILAC-P10 “ILAC Policy on Traceability of Measurement Results.” INRIM is also recognised as a testing laboratory from the Association for the Certification of Electrical Appliances (ACAE, member of LOVAG - Low Voltage Agreement Group), thus issuing LOVAG ACAE test reports in selected electrical test areas.
METROLOGY AREAS
● Acoustics, Ultrasound, Vibration
● Electricity and Magnetism
● Dimensional metrology
● Mass and related quantities
● Photometry and Radiometry
● Thermometry
● Time and Frequency
● Chemistry
TECHNOLOGICAL SERVICES[6]
INRIM is able to provide scientific and technical consultancy to public and private customers in many different ways: from training courses tailored on specific metrological needs, to short/long time research projects to tackle the customer's applicative issues. Our expertise, measurement capabilities, and established knowledge of material properties are beneficial for industries to obtain the most out of their measurement systems and to make the right choice between components and materials for a more efficient production process. In addition, INRIM offers on a regular basis the following technological services: tests on materials, instruments and components materials analysis and measurements of different physical properties design and realisation of micro and nanostructured thin film devices, through lithography and nanomachining techniques.
OUR SERVICES:
● Device microlithography and etching
● Electron microscopy and SEM-EDS elemental microanalysis
● Magnetic characterisation
● Metallurgy and heat treatments
● Nanolithography and FIB nanomachining
● Thin film deposition and growth
Presidents[edit]
2006-2011 Elio Bava
2011-2013 Alberto Carpinteri
2013-2014 Rodolfo Zich (extraordinary commissioner)
2014-2016 Massimo Inguscio
2016 Aldo Godone (Acting Vice President)
2016- present Diederik Sybolt Wiersma
References[edit]
- ↑ "Dal 31 dicembre addio al segnale orario Rai, lo manda in pensione il digitale". Repubblica.it. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ↑ "INRiM is part of..." inrim.it. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ↑ "Copia archiviata" (PDF). inrim.it. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ↑ "Scientific divisions INRIM" (PDF). inrim.it. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ↑ "Metrology Services". inrim.it. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ↑ "Technological Services". inrim.it. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
External Links[edit]
Official site http://www.inrim.eu
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