Nikolas Cruz
Comment: This was copied from Stoneman Douglas High School shooting. — Diannaa (talk) 10:40, 4 April 2023 (UTC)
| Nikolas Cruz | |
|---|---|
 Nikolas Cruz.png Cruz's mugshot | |
| Born | Nikolas Jacob Cruz September 24, 1998 Margate, Florida |
| 💼 Occupation | Dollar Tree employee |
| Known for | Perpetrator of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting |
Nikolas Jacob Cruz (born September 24, 1998)[1][2][3] is an American man who, on February 14, 2018, brought a gun to Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, where he shot 34 people, killing 17 and wounding 17 others. adopted at birth by Lynda and Roger Cruz.[4] Both his adoptive parents died, Roger at age 67 on August 11, 2004, and Lynda at age 68 on November 1, 2017, leaving Cruz orphaned three months before the shooting.[5][6] Since his mother's death, he had been living with relatives and friends.[7] At the time of the shooting, he was enrolled in a GED program and employed at a local Dollar Tree.[8][9]
Cruz was a member of the Junior Reserve Officers' Training Corps and had received multiple awards "including academic achievement for maintaining an A grade in JROTC and Bs in other subjects," according to CNN.[10] He was also a member of his school's varsity air rifle team.[10][11]
Behavioral issues and social media[edit]
Cruz had behavioral issues since preschool,[12] and according to The Washington Post he was "entrenched in the process for getting students help rather than referring them to law enforcement."[13] He was transferred between schools six times in three years in an effort to deal with these problems. In 2014, he was transferred to a school for children with emotional or learning disabilities. There were reports that he made threats against other students.[14]
He returned to Stoneman Douglas High School two years later but was expelled in 2017 for disciplinary reasons. As he could not be expelled from the Broward County School system completely, he was transferred to alternative placement.[15]The school administration had circulated an email to teachers, warning that Cruz had made threats against other students. The school banned him from wearing a backpack on campus.[16][17][18]
Psychiatrists recommended an involuntary admission of Cruz to a residential treatment facility, starting in 2013.[19] The Florida Department of Children and Families investigated him in September 2016 for Snapchat posts in which he cut both his arms and said he planned to buy a gun. At this time, a school resource officer suggested[20] he undergo an involuntary psychiatric examination under the provisions of the Baker Act. Two guidance counselors agreed, but a mental institution did not.[21] State investigators reported he had depression, autism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In their assessment, they concluded he was "at low risk of harming himself or others".[22] He had previously received mental health treatment, but had not received treatment in the year leading up to the shooting.[10]
Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel described Cruz's online profiles and accounts as "very, very disturbing".[10] They contained pictures and posts of him with a variety of weapons, including long knives, a shotgun, a pistol, and a BB gun. Police said that he held "extremist" views; social media accounts that were thought to be linked to him contained anti-black and anti-Muslim slurs.[10] YouTube comments linked to him include "I wanna die Fighting killing shit ton of people," threats against police officers and "antifa", and intent to mimic the University of Texas tower shooting.[10][23][24]One of Cruz's Instagram accounts had a profile photo of a person wearing a "Make America Great Again" baseball cap.[25]
In February 2017, Cruz legally purchased an AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle from a Coral Springs gun store, after having passed the required background check. Prior to the purchase he had similarly obtained several other firearms, including at least one shotgun and several other rifles.[26] At the time of the shooting, in Florida, it was legal for people as young as 18 to purchase guns from federally licensed dealers, including the rifle allegedly used in the shooting. The minimum age requirement has since been raised to 21.[27][28][29]
Items recovered by police at the scene included gun magazines with swastikas carved in them. One student claimed that Cruz had drawn a swastika and the words "I hate niggers" on his backpack.[30] CNN reported that Cruz was in a private Instagram group chat where he expressed racist, homophobic, antisemitic, and xenophobic views. Cruz said that he hated "Jews, n*ggers, immigrants" and frequently discussed the weapons that he owned. At one point Cruz said "I think I am going to kill people" in the group chat, although he later claimed that he was joking.[31]
A former classmate said Cruz had anger management issues and often joked about guns and gun violence, which included threats of shooting up establishments.[32] The brother of a 2016 graduate described him as "super stressed out all the time and talked about guns a lot and tried to hide his face." A student who was enrolled at the school at the time of the shooting said, "I think everyone had in their minds if anybody was going to do it, it was going to be him."[33] A classmate who was assigned to work with him in sophomore year said, "He told me how he got kicked out of two private schools. He was held back twice. He had aspirations to join the military. He enjoyed hunting."[10] A student's mother said that he also bragged about killing animals. A neighbor said his mother would call the police over to the house to try to talk some sense into him.[34]
Earlier warnings to law enforcement[edit]
Sheriff Scott Israel said that his office received 23 calls about Cruz during the previous decade, but this figure is in dispute. CNN used a public records request to obtain a sheriff's office log, which showed that from 2008 to 2017, at least 45 calls were made in reference to Cruz, his brother, or the family home.[35][36] On February 5, 2016, the calls included an anonymous tip that Cruz had threatened to shoot up the school, and a tip on November 30, 2017, that he might be a "school shooter in the making" and that he collected knives and guns. On September 23, 2016, a peer counselor notified the school resource officer of his suicide attempt and intent to buy a gun, and the school indicated it would do a "threat assessment".[37][38][39]
In September 2016, three people—a sheriff's deputy who worked as a resource officer at Stoneman Douglas, and two of the school's counselors—stated that Cruz should be committed for mental evaluation.[40][41]
On September 24, 2017, a person with the username "nikolas cruz" posted a comment to a YouTube video that read, "Im [sic] going to be a professional school shooter." The person who uploaded the video to YouTube reported the comment to the FBI. According to agent Robert Lasky, the agency conducted database reviews but was unable to track down the individual who made the threatening comment.[42][43]
On January 5, 2018, less than two months before the shooting, the FBI received a tip on its Public Access Line from a person who was close to Cruz. On February 16, two days after the shooting, the agency released a statement that detailed this information. According to the statement, "The caller provided information about Cruz's gun ownership, desire to kill people, erratic behavior, and disturbing social media posts, as well as the potential of him conducting a school shooting." After conducting an investigation, the FBI said the tip line did not follow protocol when the information was not forwarded to the Miami Field Office, where investigative steps would have been taken.[44][45] The FBI opened a probe into the tip line's operations.[46]
The lack of response by Israel and other members of the Broward County Sheriff's Office to the numerous red flags and warnings about Cruz has been the subject of scrutiny.[47] In the days following the shooting, calls for Israel’s resignation intensified as more information that alluded to the department's inaction was revealed.[48] Israel refused to resign in the immediate aftermath of the shooting, saying during an interview with CNN, "I've given amazing leadership to this agency" while denying responsibility for the actions of his deputies.[49][50][51][52] This culminated in Governor Ron DeSantis removing Israel from his role as Sheriff and replacing him with Gregory Tony.[53]
Efforts to seek help[edit]
The school district conducted an assessment of the handling of Cruz. According to their redacted report, which was reviewed in August 2018 by The New York Times, The Daily Beast, and other media, a year before the shooting Cruz had sought help from education specialists, as his grades at Stoneman Douglas were declining. He was an eighteen-year-old junior, and met with the specialists with his mother. The specialists recommended that he transfer to another school, Cross Creek School in Pompano Beach, where he had done well before. But he wanted to graduate with his class at Stoneman Douglas, and rejected this option, as a legal adult. He was advised that if he stayed, he would no longer be able to access special education services, but this was incorrect.[54][55] A few months later, he withdrew because of failing grades. After that, Cruz requested to go to Cross Creek, but he was told a new assessment was needed, delaying action, and the request was denied.[56][57][58]
References[edit]
- ↑ Wallman, Brittany; McMahon, Paula; O'Matz, Megan; Bryan, Susannah. "School shooter Nikolas Cruz: A lost and lonely killer". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Miller, Carol Marbin; Gurney, Kyra (February 20, 2018). "Parkland shooter always in trouble, never expelled. Could school system have done more?". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Contrary to early reports, Cruz was never expelled from Broward schools. Legally, he couldn't be. Under federal law, Nikolas Cruz had a right to a 'free and appropriate' education at a public school near him.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Teproff, Carli; Herrera, Chabeli; Smiley, David (February 14, 2018). "17 dead, 15 wounded after expelled student shoots up Stoneman Douglas High in Broward". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Wallman, Brittany; McMahon, Paula; O'Matz, Megan; Bryan, Susannah (February 24, 2018). "School shooter Nikolas Cruz: An unending saga of disturbed behavior and red flags". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hutchinson, Bill; Hill, James (February 21, 2018). "School shooting suspect could lose public defender after reports of $800K inheritance". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 25, 2018. Retrieved February 26, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Red flags: The troubled path of accused Parkland shooter Nikolas Cruz". The Washington Post. March 10, 2018. Archived from the original on October 13, 2021. Retrieved May 28, 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hobbs, Stephen; McMahon, Paula; Geggis, Anne; Travis, Scott. "Nikolas Cruz: Troubled suspect had been expelled from Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Griffin, Drew; Glover, Scott; Pagliery, Jose; Lah, Kyung (February 16, 2018). "From 'broken child' to mass killer". CNN. Archived from the original on April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Wan, William; Sullivan, Kevin; Weingrad, David; Berman, Mark (February 15, 2018). "Florida shooting suspect Nikolas Cruz: Guns, depression and a life in trouble". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 McLaughlin, Eliott C.; Park, Madison (February 14, 2018). "Social media paints picture of racist 'professional school shooter'". CNN. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Wright, Mike (February 17, 2018). "Florida shooting suspect Nikolas Cruz was member of school's rifle team and described as a 'very good shot'". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Parkland school shooter's defense: Teacher says 'animal fantasy' behaviors were problem in pre-K". August 23, 2022.
- ↑ Craig, Tim; Brown, Emma; Larimer, Sarah; Balingit, Moriah (February 18, 2018). "Teachers say Florida suspect's problems started in middle school, and the system tried to help him". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on February 28, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
interviews with teachers, administrators and those who knew Cruz – along with other records and accounts – show that he was well-known to school and mental health authorities and was entrenched in the process for getting students help rather than referring them to law enforcement.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Zezima, Katie (March 24, 2018). "'People need to listen to us': Demonstrators gather around the U.S. to protest gun violence". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved March 25, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Miller, Carol Marbin; Gurney, Kyra (February 20, 2018). "Parkland shooter always in trouble, never expelled. Could school system have done more?". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
Contrary to early reports, Cruz was never expelled from Broward schools. Legally, he couldn't be. Under federal law, Nikolas Cruz had a right to a 'free and appropriate' education at a public school near him.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Teproff, Carli; Herrera, Chabeli; Smiley, David (February 14, 2018). "17 dead, 15 wounded after expelled student shoots up Stoneman Douglas High in Broward". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 14, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Kelli, Kennedy (February 14, 2018). "Here's what we know about Nikolas Cruz, the Florida school shooting suspect". Boston Globe. Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ De Moraes, Lisa (February 14, 2018). "Police: At Least 17 Dead In Florida High School Shooting; Ex-Student In Custody, ID'd – Update". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Olmeda, Rafael (March 16, 2018). "School officials worried about Nikolas Cruz and guns 18 months before mass shooting". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Saslow, Eli (June 4, 2018). "'It was my job, and I didn't find him': Stoneman Douglas resource officer remains haunted by massacre". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
He had even suggested that counselors use Florida's Baker Act to have Cruz involuntarily committed, but a health expert wrote that Cruz "did not meet criteria for further assessment."
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Stoneman Douglas' resource officer recommended committing Nikolas Cruz for mental health issues". York, Pennsylvania: WPMT. CNN Wire. March 19, 2018. Archived from the original on March 20, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
[a] school resource officer [...] wanted to use the Baker Act on September 28, 2016, after the then-student allegedly made threats against himself and others. Although two guidance counselors initially agreed with [the officer], two mental health professionals from Henderson Behavioral Health said Cruz didn't meet the criteria
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Burch, Audra D. S.; Robles, Frances; Mazzei, Patricia (February 17, 2018). "Florida Agency Investigated Nikolas Cruz After Violent Social Media Posts". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Chen, Joyce (February 15, 2018). "What We Know About the Alleged Florida School Shooter". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Alleged Shooter Nikolas Cruz Threatened Mass Campus Shooting 9 Months Ago". TMZ. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "FACT CHECK: Did the Florida Shooter's Instagram Profile Picture Feature a 'MAGA' Hat?". Snopes.com. February 15, 2018. Archived from the original on November 10, 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-24. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Date, Jack; Margolin, Josh. "Florida school shooting suspect had access to 10 firearms, including AK-47 variant". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. Retrieved March 29, 2021. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Herrera, Chabeli (February 15, 2018). "Gun shop owners distraught over firearm sold to teen now held in school massacre". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Swisher, Skyler; McMahon, Paula. "Nikolas Cruz passed background check, including mental health questions, to get AR-15 rifle". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018.
Cruz purchased the Smith & Wesson M&P 15 rifle in February 2017 from Sunrise Tactical Supply in Coral Springs, officials said. Cruz passed a background check, which looks at criminal history and whether someone has been found to be "mentally defective" by a court, said Peter Forcelli, the special agent in charge of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives in South Florida...As is the case in most states, Floridians can buy assault-style weapons from federally licensed dealers once they reach age 18.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Detman, Gary (9 March 2018). "Gov. Scott signs Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act". WPEC. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ↑ Fisher, Janon (February 27, 2018). "Florida school gunman carved swastikas into rifle magazines, had 180 rounds remaining". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on March 23, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Murphy, Paul. "Exclusive: Group chat messages show school shooter obsessed with race, violence and guns". CNN. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hayes, Christal; Bohatch, Emily (February 14, 2018). "'I'm sick to my stomach': 17 dead in Florida high school shooting; former student in custody". USA Today. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Darrah, Nicole (February 14, 2018). "Nikolas Cruz was living with Florida high school student in months leading up to shooting, attorney says". Fox News Channel. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Haag, Matthew; Kovaleski, Serge F. (February 14, 2018). "Nikolas Cruz, Florida Shooting Suspect, Described as a 'Troubled Kid'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 25, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Devine, Curt; Pagliery, Jose (February 27, 2018). "Sheriff says he got 23 calls about shooter's family, but records show more". CNN. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Blinder, Alan; Mazzei, Patricia (February 22, 2018). "As Gunman Rampaged Through Florida School, Armed Deputy 'Never Went In'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 30, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Nehamas, Nicholas (February 22, 2018). "'School shooter in the making': All the times authorities were warned about Nikolas Cruz". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hobbs, Stephen; Travis, Scott; Huriash, Lisa J. (February 23, 2018). "Stoneman Douglas cop resigns; sheriff says he should have 'killed the killer'". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 10, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
deputies were under review for how they handled two calls, including the one from November where the caller also said Cruz "was collecting guns and knives," according to documents released by the sheriff's office. A deputy followed up with the caller but did not create a report documenting it. A separate incident, from February 2016, was also under review. The sheriff's office said a deputy responded to a tip that Cruz planned to shoot up a school and that the information was forwarded to Peterson, the school resource officer.
Unknown parameter|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Murphy, Brett; Perez, Maria (February 23, 2018). "Florida school shooting: Sheriff got 18 calls about Nikolas Cruz's violence, threats, guns". USA Today. Archived from the original on January 9, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Anderson, Curt (March 18, 2018). "Some officials wanted Florida school shooting suspect forcibly committed in 2016". Orlando Sentinel. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "Officials Warned to Institutionalize Alleged Parkland Shooter". Miami, Florida: WTVJ. Associated Press. March 18, 2018. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 18, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Goldman, Adam; Mazzei, Patricia (February 15, 2018). "YouTube Comment Seen as Early Warning in Shooting Left Little for F.B.I. to Investigate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 16, 2018. Retrieved February 16, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Sacks, Brianna (February 15, 2018). "The FBI Was Warned About A School Shooting Threat From A YouTube User Named Nikolas Cruz in September". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on February 15, 2018. Retrieved February 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Benner, Katie; Mazzei, Patricia; Goldman, Adam (February 16, 2018). "F.B.I. Was Warned of Florida Suspect's Desire to Kill but Did Not Act". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 14, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ "FBI Statement on the Shooting in Parkland, Florida". Federal Bureau of Investigation. February 16, 2018. Archived from the original on February 17, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Wilber, Del Quentin; Viswanatha, Aruna (February 20, 2018). "FBI Probes Tip-Line Operations After Missed Florida-Shooting Warning". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved February 22, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)(subscription required) - ↑ Wamsley, Laurel (February 26, 2018). "Broward Sheriff Under Scrutiny For Handling Of Parkland Shooting". NPR. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Scherer, Michael; Davis, Aaron C.; Berman, Mark (February 26, 2018). "Florida sheriff faces intensifying political scrutiny, calls to resign in wake of school shooting". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Mazzei, Patricia (February 25, 2018). "Under Pressure, Florida Sheriff Defends 'Amazing Leadership'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Hart, Benjamin (February 25, 2018). "Broward County Sheriff Brags About 'Amazing Leadership' in Wake of School-Shooting Failures". New York. Archived from the original on June 29, 2018. Retrieved February 20, 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Boss, Jeff (March 7, 2018). "This Is What 'Amazing Leadership' Doesn't Look Like". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Smiley, David; Nehamas, Nicholas; Rabin, Charles (February 28, 2018). "As Broward sheriff touts 'amazing leadership,' a low grumble builds in the ranks". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on March 21, 2018. Retrieved March 20, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Li, David K. (January 11, 2019). "Sheriff Scott Israel removed from office after criticism of Parkland school shooting response". NBC News. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved March 26, 2019. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Quinn, Allison (August 4, 2018). "Parkland Shooter Asked for Help, but Was Denied Before Shooting". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Torres, Andrea; Weinsier, Jeff (August 4, 2018). "School district mishandled Parkland shooter's access to special education, report says". Miami, Florida: WPLG. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Mazzei, Patricia (August 4, 2018). "Parkland Shooting Suspect Lost Special-Needs Help at School When He Needed It Most". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 5, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ Wallman, Brittany; McMahon, Paula. "Here's what Broward schools knew about Parkland shooter — details revealed by mistake". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved December 15, 2018. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help) - ↑ McMahon, Paula; Wallman, Brittany (August 3, 2018). "Florida school failed Parkland shooter, report says". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2020. Unknown parameter
|url-status=ignored (help)
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