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Nintendo UK

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


Nintendo UK is the name used for Nintendo's operations in the United Kingdom. It is part of Nintendo of Europe, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nintendo Co., Ltd.[1]

Nintendo UK has existed in various forms, beginning in 1988 with the UK office of NES International (NESI), after Nintendo took over UK distribution of the Nintendo Entertainment System from Mattel.[2][3][4]

In 1993 Nintendo UK Entertainment Limited was the first company to use the name "Nintendo UK" after Nintendo again took over UK distribution of its products, this time from Bandai.[5][6]

In January 2001 UK distribution was returned again to Nintendo from Total Home Entertainment (THE) Games Limited, a subsidiary of John Menzies.[6] Nintendo UK was established as a branch of Nintendo of Europe GmbH and registered to the Companies Act 1985,[7] moving offices to Slough.[5] Previously Nintendo's UK operations had been situated in Eastleigh, Hampshire.[8]

In 2006 Nintendo UK's offices were moved from Slough to Windsor, where they remain as of 2021.[9]

History

1980: Game & Watch

Nintendo's Game & Watch handheld electronic games were imported and sold in the UK by Computer Games Limited (CGL), a trading name of UK electronics company Betacom.[10]

Game & Watch Ball, Vermin and Fire were the first Game & Watch games released by CGL in 1980 and were priced at about £20 each.[11]

CGL continued to release Game & Watch games in the UK throughout the 1980s, all branded with the CGL logo but otherwise unchanged with the exception of Helmet, which was renamed to Headache.[12]

Game & Watch games released in the UK by CGL
Title Series Model Release Date (Global) Release Date (UK)
Ball Silver AC-01 1980-04-28 1980 [11]
Flagman Silver FL-02 1980-06-05 Unknown
Vermin Silver MT-03 1980-07-10 1980 [11]
Fire Silver RC-04 1980-07-31 1980 [11]
Judge Silver IP-05 1980-10-04 Unknown
Manhole Gold MH-06 1981-01-29 1981 [13]
Helmet (Headache) Gold CN-07 1981-02-21 1981 [13]
Lion Gold LN-08 1981-04-29 1981 [13]
Parachute Wide Screen PR-21 1981-06-19 1981 [12]
Octopus Wide Screen OC-22 1981-07-16 1981 [12]
Popeye Wide Screen PP-23 1981-08-05 1982 [14]
Chef Wide Screen FP-24 1981-09-08 1982 [14]
Mickey Mouse Wide Screen MC-25 1981-10-09 1982 [14]
Egg Wide Screen EG-26 1981-10-09 Unknown
Fire Wide Screen FR-27 1981-12-04 Unknown
Turtle Bridge Wide Screen TL-28 1982-02-01 1982 [15]
Fire Attack Wide Screen ID-29 1982-03-26
Snoopy Tennis Wide Screen SP-30 1982-04-28

1981: Nintendo arcade games

1981: Donkey Kong

Donkey Kong was the first of Nintendo's arcade games to gain mainstream recognition in the UK, arriving in UK arcades in late 1981.[16]

Owing to its popularity, many official and unofficial versions of the game were released. In 1982, Nintendo's own Donkey Kong Game & Watch game was released by CGL in the UK.[17][18] Coleco's official licensed Atari 2600 version of Donkey Kong[19] was also released in the UK in 1982, with Computer & Video Games magazine reporting that "...shops who managed to get hold of advance copies of the game before Christmas sold out in a matter of days".[20] In 1986 official licensed ports of Donkey Kong were released by UK-based software development company Ocean Software for the ZX Spectrum[21] (£7.95),[22] MSX,[23] Commodore 64[24] (£8.95)[22] & Amstrad CPC.[25]

Unofficial Donkey Kong-like games developed and released in the UK
Title Developer Platform Release Date (UK)
Crazy Kong Grandstand Grandstand 1982 [26]
Crazy Kong 64 Interceptor Micros Commodore 64 1983 [27]
Killer Gorilla Micro Power BBC Mirco 1983
Killer Kong Mark Phillips Commodore VIC-20 1984 [28]

1982: Donkey Kong Jr.[29]

1983: Popeye[30]

1984: Donkey Kong 3[31]

1984: Punch-Out!![32][33]

1985: VS. Golf[33]

1985: VS. Tennis[33]

1986: VS. Super Mario Bros.[34]

1987: PlayChoice-10

Nintendo's PlayChoice-10 multi-game arcade machine was distributed in the UK from 1987 by both Brent Leisure and Electrocoin Automatics Limited[35][36][37], to coincide with the UK release of the NES, allowing players to try the latest NES games and also to preview possible upcoming releases "for as little as ten pence".[38] In January 1987 it was demonstrated by Brent Leisure at the Amusement Trades Exhibition International (ATEI) UK trade show.[39] The arcade machine itself cost "around £2000".[40] According to the March 1988 issue of The Games Machine it had been "proving very successful in many pub sites around London".[41]

1987: Nintendo Entertainment System

1987: Mattel

The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) launched in the UK in May 1987,[42][43][44][45] after Japan (1983), the US (1985) and some other areas of Europe such as Scandinavia (1986).[46]

Prior to launch, around mid-1986 it was speculated that Alan Sugar's Amstrad (which had recently bought Sinclair in April 1986) was planning to release the NES under the Sinclair name in the UK after (as reported in the 17th April 1986 issue of Popular Computing Weekly[47]) "Sugar saw the potential of a purely games machine on a recent trip to Japan, where Nintendo has recently notched up nine million sales of its games console". According to Andrew Wright of Activision there were "plans to release it in the UK for around £85"[48] and according to Malcolm Miller, marketing director of Amstrad "We will reserve the Sinclair name for the entertainment area and that could include a game a games console" "but it remains to be seen how well the product will do in Europe - Europeans tend to think that the equipment has to educate as well as entertain. If we do one, though, it'll be Sinclair."[49]

However, by late 1986 Mattel U.K. Limited[50] (the UK distributor for Nintendo's initial US distributor Worlds of Wonder) had been selected to be Nintendo's UK distributor.[51][52] Mattel showed the NES at the January 1987 Earl's Court annual Toy Fair,[53][54] and Judith Hann demonstrated R.O.B. and the NES on the 17th February 1987 episode of BBC's Tomorrow's World.[55]

Mattel held a NES Game Pak Prize Draw from May 1st 1987 through April 30th 1988 for customers who purchased the NES and mailed in their warranty registration card survey to Hi-Tech Electronic Services Ltd.[42]

The NES was initially advertised in the June 1987 issue of Computer & Video Games magazine[43] at a recommended retail price (RRP) of £129.99 (compared to an initial RRP of $99.99 in the US) for the "basic set" including Super Mario Bros., and £199.99 (compared to an initial RRP of $179.99 in the US) for the "deluxe set", which instead included the toy robot accessory "R.O.B." (Robotic Operating Buddy) and "zapper" light gun accessory, and two games designed to showcase them, Gyromite for R.O.B. and Duck Hunt for the zapper. However, within a month the RRP was quickly reduced to £99.99 and £159.99 respectively[56][57][58] to compete with Sega's £99.99[59] Master System,[60] which it remained at for the rest of 1987 and until 1990.

NES game paks retailed for around £20 to £40[61] and were significantly more expensive than other contemporary cassette-based computer games, often available for under £10 or under £3 for budget titles for systems such as the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64, which were already very popular in the UK at the time.

International divisions of American toy company Mattel initially handled distribution for the NES in the UK,[43] Italy, Australia and Canada on behalf of Nintendo.

U.S. Gold / CentreSoft's offshoot GO! was briefly appointed as a wholesaler for the UK by Mattel, but this initially only lasted until early 1988 and NESI's takeover of UK distribution (though NESI would reappoint CentreSoft as wholesaler again in November 1988).[62][63]

Initial UK marketing and promotional activity focused primarily on R.O.B.,[64][43] mirroring early marketing strategies from Nintendo of America. In the US, the video game crash of 1983 left retailers apprehensive of "video games", so in 1985 Nintendo rebranded the Japanese "Famicom" (Family Computer) video game console as the "NES" (Nintendo Entertainment System) and successfully marketed it to the US primarily as a toy experience, selling over 1 million units in 1986.[65] However, the video game crash of 1983 had a comparatively minor impact on the UK games market, as video game consoles such as the Atari 2600 were less popular, with the UK of the 1980s favouring home computers such as the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64. This was likely a contributing factor as to why Mattel's toy-centric marketing found more difficulty capturing the interest of the UK games market.

Although the NES was advertised in the UK at launch alongside "27 game paks now available" and as available to buy from at least 23 UK retailers,[43] Mattel seemingly overpromised and underdelivered, as it launched with 17 games[42][66][67] and with unreliable and limited availability from UK retailers. Mattel announced and advertised UK retailers publicly before securing deals, including Woolworths, Currys, Dixons and Asda, who quickly contacted trade newspaper Computer Trade Weekly (CTW) to deny that Nintendo products had gained a listing.[62] UK retailer Argos only listed the NES once in their Autumn/Winter 1987/88 catalogue, including the more expensive deluxe set bundle but no NES game paks,[68] and it did not reappear in Argos catalogues until 1990.[69]

All games initially available were from Nintendo themselves, with no third party NES games available in the UK until 1988.[70] By the end of 1987,[66][71] the following 27 Nintendo-developed games were released for the UK by Mattel (as originally advertised):

10-Yard Fight, Balloon Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr., Donkey Kong III, Donkey Kong Jr. Math, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gumshoe, Gyromite, Hogan's Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Mach Rider, Mario Bros., Pinball, Popeye, Soccer, Stack-up, Super Mario Bros., Tennis, Urban Champion, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew.

For a game to be released for the NES, it would need to be approved by Nintendo, and as Nintendo controlled cartridge production, developers would be required to agree to Nintendo's terms, which were far more restrictive than developing for home computers where software development was unrestricted and actively encouraged.

Despite the relative restrictiveness of development, several UK developers did go on to create successful NES games, most notably Rare (formerly home computer developer Ultimate Play the Game), who released several games for the NES, including Slalom, R.C. Pro-Am and Battletoads.


1988: NESI

In April 1987, Ron Judy (previously vice-president of marketing at Nintendo of America, who in 1983 had set up distribution for Nintendo's arcade games in Europe) moved to Paris, France and opened a small office above the Champs-Élysées, selling Nintendo products in France and Holland (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) as NES International (NESI) under exclusive distributorship from Nintendo Co., Ltd.[46]

After Nintendo's obligation to Mattel ended in 1988, (and according to The Games Magazine after briefly being passed to U.S. Gold's offshoot GO!)[63] NESI took over distribution of Nintendo products in the UK with Bruce Lowry (previously Vice President of Sales at Nintendo of America and President of Sega of America) moving to live and work on Nintendo's distribution in the UK for 3 years,[72] beginning as managing director of NESI's UK offices in Coventry.[62][2][3]

The 1988 chip shortage likely complicated Nintendo's efforts to make progress in the UK. In the US, where the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software, the 1988 chip shortage caused the delay of games such as Zelda II: The Adventure of Link[73] and combined with increasing demand resulted in a shortage of stock of many popular NES games.

In the UK, Nintendo only released a handful of games in 1988. This included The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!, Pro-Wrestling and R.C. Pro-Am.[74]

Nintendo's licensing agreement restricted third parties to releasing a maximum of 5 NES games per year.[75] Although third party licenses were available for the UK from 1988,[70] third party NES games did not start to be released in the UK until around the end of 1988 or early 1989. Konami were the first third party to release games for the NES in the UK, first releasing Castlevania, The Goonies II, Gradius and Top Gun.[76]

Boots and Littlewoods signed up as UK retailers for the NES in spring 1988, and until 1990 Boots would be the only major stockist of the NES in the UK.[62] In November 1988, U.S. Gold's distribution business, CentreSoft was again reappointed as a Nintendo wholesaler for the UK by NESI, with the deal this time lasting until 1 September 1991.[62]

The NES continued to struggle in the UK games market throughout 1988. According to Mike Hayes, marketing director for Nintendo UK from 1989, "Nintendo at the time was a failing brand having been treated as a toy by Mattel and never really securing the phenomenal success that it had enjoyed in Japan and North America. Dusty boxes of the Deluxe Edition would languish on the shelves of the only major stockist - Boots".[77] According to Luther De Gale of De Gale Marketing,[78] at the time a Nintendo salesman and previously of Konami UK,[79] "Although the Nintendo is alive and well, and living in the homes of 12 million Japanese and five million American families, I've only just seen one in my local computer store - and I supplied it to them!" and "Although Nintendo have failed to produce results in Britain, the interest is still so strong that arcade companies like Electrocoin are starting to push from behind.".[80]

1989: Serif

In June 1989[62] UK distribution of Nintendo products was taken over by San Serif Print Promotions Limited (abbreviated to Serif or San Serif), who held the rights to Trivial Pursuit and Pictionary in Europe.[81]

UK retailer Dixons began a 75 store trial with the NES in May 1989, but this lasted just five months and was cleared out in October 1989.[62]

1990: Bandai

By 1990 Bandai were successfully distributing the NES in France and Holland under European Bandai President, Bernard Prat.[62] In August 1990[62] UK distribution of Nintendo products was taken over by Bandai[62] in anticipation of the UK launches of the Game Boy and Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles, and handled from their UK offices in Fareham, Hampshire.[82] Some of the key staff from Serif switched to Bandai to continue to work on Nintendo's UK distribution, such as marketing director Mike Hayes and sales manager Rob Cooper.[62]

For Christmas 1990, the NES was bundled with Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (the word Ninja was considered controversial in the UK at the time) and sold at a reduced price of £79.99 (previously £99.99).[83][84] According to Mike Hayes, this was much against the wishes of Nintendo of America, but increased sales by 2000% and helped to re-establish Nintendo in the UK market, overtaking sales of Sega's Master System at the time.[85][86]

NES games released in the UK
Title UK Release Date UK Licensee UK Distributor References
10-Yard Fight June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Balloon Fight 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Baseball June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Clu Clu Land June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Donkey Kong June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Donkey Kong III 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Donkey Kong Jr. 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Donkey Kong Jr. Math 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Duck Hunt June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Excitebike June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Golf June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Gumshoe 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Gyromite June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Hogan's Alley June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Ice Climber 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Kung Fu 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Mach Rider 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Mario Bros. 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Pinball 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Popeye June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Soccer 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Stack-up 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Super Mario Bros. June 1987 Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Tennis 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Urban Champion 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Wild Gunman 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Wrecking Crew 1987 Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Kid Icarus 1988 Nintendo [87]
Metroid 1988 Nintendo NESI [87]
Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! 1988 Nintendo NESI [87]
Pro Wrestling 1988 Nintendo NESI [87]
R.C. Pro-Am 1988 Nintendo NESI [87]
The Legend of Zelda 1988 Nintendo NESI [87]
Castlevania 1988 Konami NESI [87][88][89][76]
Gradius 1988 Konami NESI [87][89][90][91][76]
The Goonies II 1988 Konami NESI [87][89][76]
Top Gun 1988 Konami NESI [87][76]
Super Mario Bros. 2 June 1989 Nintendo NESI [87][92]
Rush'n Attack July 1989 Konami [92][93]
Ghost 'N Goblins August 1989 Capcom [92][93]
Gun.Smoke August 1989 Capcom [92][93]
Ikari Warriors September 1989 SNK [93][94]
Trojan September 1989 Capcom [93][94]
Section Z October 1989 Capcom [94][95]
Xevious October 1989 Bandai [94][95]
Mega Man November 1989 Capcom [94][95]
RoboWarrior November 1989 Jaleco [94][95]
Tiger-Heli December 1989 Acclaim [95][96]
Wizards & Warriors December 1989 Acclaim [95][96]
Cobra Triangle January 1990 Nintendo Serif [95][96]
Life Force: Salamander January 1990 Konami [95][96]
Track & Field II January 1990 Konami [95][96]
Double Dribble February 1990 Konami [95][96]
Metal Gear February 1990 Konami [95][96]
To the Earth February 1990 Nintendo Serif [95][96]
Zelda II: The Adventure of Link March 1990 Nintendo Serif [97][98]
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest April 1990 Konami [97][98]
Rygar April 1990 Tecmo [97][98]
Solomon's Key April 1990 Tecmo [97][98]
Airwolf May 1990 Acclaim [97][98]
Batman August 1990 Sunsoft [98][99]
Fester's Quest August 1990 Sunsoft [98][99]
Skate or Die August 1990 Palcom [98][99]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles August 1990 Palcom [98][99]
Tetris August 1990 Nintendo Bandai [98][99]
Bionic Commando October 1990 Capcom [99][100]
Blades of Steel October 1990 Konami [99][100]
Bubble Bobble October 1990 Taito [99][100]
Double Dragon II October 1990 Acclaim [99][100]
Spy vs. Spy October 1990 Kemco [99][100]
Silent Service November 1990 Konami [100][101][102]
Donkey Kong Classics December 1990 Nintendo Bandai [101]
Faxanadu December 1990 Nintendo Bandai [100][101]
Mega Man 2 December 1990 Capcom [101][103]
Paperboy December 1990 Mindscape [100][101]
Robocop December 1990 Ocean [100][101][104]
World Wrestling December 1990 Tecmo [100][101][105]
Wrath of the Black Manta December 1990 Taito [100][101]
Double Dragon January 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
Pinbot January 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101][103][106]
Solar Jetman January 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101][103][107]
Ghostbusters II February 1991 Activision [103]
Probotector February 1991 Konami [103][108]
Rescue: The Embassy Mission February 1991 Kemco [103][108]
Snake Rattle 'N Roll February 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
Stealth ATF February 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
Super Off Road February 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
The Adventures of Bayou Billy February 1991 Konami [103][108]
DuckTales March 1991 Capcom [103][108]
Nintendo World Cup March 1991 Nintendo Bandai [103][108]
Bad Dudes Vs. DragonNinja April 1991 Ocean [103][108]
Gauntlet II April 1991 Mindscape [108][109]
Gremlins 2 April 1991 Sunsoft [103][108]
IronSword: Wizards & Warriors II April 1991 Acclaim [108][109]
Burai Fighter May 1991 Nintendo [108][109]
Dr. Mario May 1991 Nintendo [108][109]
Rad Gravity May 1991 Activision [108][109]
Days of Thunder June 1991 Mindscape [110]
Jack Nicklaus Championship Golf June 1991 Konami [109][111]
Turbo Racing August 1991 Data East [109][111]
Captain Skyhawk August 1991 Nintendo [109][111]
Solstice August 1991 Nintendo [109][111]
Super Spike V'ball August 1991 Nintendo [109][111]
Battle of Olympus October 1991 Nintendo [111][112]
Boulder Dash October 1991 Nintendo [111][112]
Goal October 1991 Jaleco [111][112]
Isolated Warrior October 1991 Nintendo [111][112]
Kabuki Quantum Fighter October 1991 Nintendo [111][112]
Shadow Warriors October 1991 Tecmo [111][112]
Shadowgate October 1991 Kemco [111][112]
Defender of the Crown December 1991 Palcom [112][113]
Kickle Cubicle December 1991 Nintendo [112][113]
Low G Man December 1991 Nintendo [112][113]
Power Blade December 1991 Taito [112][113]
Rollergames December 1991 Konami [112][113]
Ski or Die December 1991 Palcom [112][113]
Super Mario Bros. 3 December 1991 Nintendo [112][113]
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants December 1991 Acclaim [112][113]
Top Gun: The Second Mission December 1991 Konami [112][113]
WWF WrestleMania December 1991 Acclaim [112][113]
Smash TV January 1992 Acclaim [114]
Blue Shadow February 1992 Taito [113][115]
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers February 1992 Capcom [113][115]
Dragon's Lair February 1992 Elite [113][115]
Maniac Mansion February 1992 Jaleco [113][115]
Mission Impossible February 1992 Palcom [113][115]
North & South February 1992 Infogrames [113][115]
Star Wars February 1992 JVC / Lucasfilm Games [113][115]
Swords & Serpents February 1992 Acclaim [113][115]
Blaster Master April 1992 Sunsoft [115][116]
Bugs Bunny Birthday Blow Out April 1992 Kemco [115][116]
Captain Planet April 1992 Mindscape [115][116]
Hunt For Red October April 1992 Hi Tech Expressions [115][116]
Jackie Chan's Action Kung Fu April 1992 Hudson Soft [115][116]
New Ghostbusters II April 1992 HAL Laboratory [115][116]
New Zealand Story April 1992 Ocean [115][116]
Rainbow Islands: Bubble Bobble 2 April 1992 Ocean Bandai [115][116]
Snake's Revenge April 1992 Konami [115][116]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles II: The Arcade Game April 1992 Konami [115][116]
Totally Rad April 1992 Jaleco [115][116]
Battletoads May 1992 Tradewest Bandai [117]
Adventures of Lolo 2 June 1992 HAL Laboratory [116][118]
CrackOut June 1992 Palcom [116][118]
Double Dragon III June 1992 Acclaim [116][118]
Godzilla June 1992 Toho [116][118]
Hyper Soccer June 1992 Konami [116][118]
Little Nemo The Dream Master June 1992 Nintendo [116][118]
Lunar Pool June 1992 FCI [116][118]
Road Fighter June 1992 Palcom [116][118]
Operation Wolf August 1992 Taito Bandai [119]
The Flintstones: The Rescue of Dino & Hoppy August 1992 Taito Bandai [119]
Adventure Island II August 1992 Hudson Soft [118][119]
Four Player Tennis August 1992 Nintendo [118][119]
High Speed August 1992 Tradewest [118][119]
Hook August 1992 Ocean [118][119]
Mega Man 3 August 1992 Nintendo [118][119]
NES Open Golf Tournament August 1992 Nintendo [118][119]
Addams Family October 1992 Ocean [119][120]
Adventure in the Magic Kingdom October 1992 Capcom [119][120]
Robocop 2 October 1992 Ocean [119][120]
Batman Return of the Joker December 1992 Sunsoft [120][121]
Mario & Yoshi December 1992 Nintendo Bandai [120][121]
Paperboy 2 December 1992 Mindscape [120][121]
TaleSpin December 1992 Capcom [120][121]
Tiny Toon Adventures December 1992 Konami [120][121]
Tom & Jerry December 1992 Hi Tech Expressions Bandai [120][121]
Probotector II: Return of the Evil Forces February 1993 Konami Bandai [122]
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse March 1993 Palcom [122]
Galaxy 5000 TBC Activision
Marble Madness TBC Milton Bradley
Lemmings TBC Ocean [121]
T2: Terminator 2: Judgment Day TBC LJN [118]
WWF WrestleMania Challenge TBC LJN
The Simpsons Bart Vs. The World TBC Acclaim [121]
Digger T. Rock: Legend of the Lost City TBC Milton Bradley
California Games TBC Milton Bradley
Trog TBC Acclaim
A Boy and His Blob: Trouble on Blobolonia TBC Nintendo
Action in New York TBC Infogrames
Adventure Island Classic TBC Hudson Soft
Alien 3 TBC LJN
Alfred Chicken TBC Mindscape
Asterix TBC Infogrames
Barbie TBC Hi Tech Expressions
Battleship TBC Mindscape
Battletoads / Double Dragon TBC Nintendo
Bucky O'Hare TBC Palcom
Castelian TBC Storm Sales Curve
Darkwing Duck TBC Capcom
Bram Stoker's Dracula TBC Sony Imagesoft
DuckTales 2 TBC Capcom
Dropzone TBC Mindscape
Elite TBC Imagineer
Eliminator Boat Duel TBC Storm Sales Curve
F-15 Strike Eagle TBC MicroProse
Ferrari Grand Prix Challenge TBC Acclaim
Gargoyle's Quest II TBC Capcom
George Foreman's KO Boxing TBC Acclaim
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York TBC THQ
James Bond Jr. TBC THQ
Jimmy Connors Tennis TBC Ubisoft
Joe & Mac: Caveman Ninja TBC Elite
Jurassic Park TBC Ocean
Kirby's Adventure TBC Nintendo
Kick Off TBC Imagineer
Krusty's Fun House TBC Acclaim
The Lion King TBC Virgin
Mario Is Missing! TBC Mindscape
McDonaldLand TBC Ocean
Mega Man 4 TBC Nintendo
The Miracle Piano Teaching System TBC Mindscape
Monster in My Pocket TBC Palcom
Noah's Ark TBC Konami
Pac-Man TBC Nintendo
Parodius TBC Palcom
Parasol Stars: Rainbow Islands II TBC Ocean
The Legend of Prince Valiant TBC Ocean
Pirates! TBC Palcom
Punch-Out!! TBC Nintendo
Rad Racer TBC Nintendo
Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six TBC LJN
Street Gangs TBC Infogrames
Super Mario Bros. / Duck Hunt TBC Nintendo
Super Mario Bros. / Tetris / Nintendo World Cup TBC Nintendo
Super Turrican TBC Imagineer
Sword Master TBC Activision
Tetris 2 TBC Nintendo
The Incredible Crash Dummies TBC LJN
The Jungle Book TBC Virgin
Time Lord TBC Milton Bradley
Ultimate Air Combat TBC Activision
WWF WrestleMania Steel Cage Challenge TBC LJN
Wizards & Warriors III TBC Acclaim
Yoshi's Cookie TBC Nintendo

1989: Club Nintendo

Club Nintendo was the first official magazine for Nintendo in the UK and Europe, mirroring Nintendo Fun Club from the US and Bergsala's Nintendo Videospelklubb from Sweden. It was distributed by subscription and designed, translated from English into 13 or 14 different European languages and printed by Catalyst Publishing, a contract publishing house in Lemington Spa, Warwickshire.[123] Up to six issues were released per year, at a rate of one issue every two months from March/April 1989 to July/August 1993,[124][125] when Nintendo Magazine System (first published by EMAP in October 1992) replaced it as the UK's primary official Nintendo magazine.

1989: Game Boy

1989: Imports

Although not officially released in the UK until September 1990, the Game Boy console and Game Boy games were imported and sold in the UK as early as July 1989.[126] The Game Boy launched in Japan in April 1989 and unlike the Nintendo Entertainment System before it, which used regional lockout methods such as the 10NES chip, the Game Boy accepted cartridges designed for markets of any country and any language.

1990: Bandai

The Nintendo Game Boy was officially launched by Nintendo in the UK in September 1990,[127] with the first 5,000 Game Boy consoles being sold to UK retailer Dixons by Serif and Bandai sales manager Rob Cooper.[128]

UK distribution for the Game Boy was initially handled by Bandai, who took over distribution of Nintendo products in the UK from Serif in August 1990[62] after Serif were unable to raise the £4 million to fund inventory merchandising and marketing costs[62] to finance the bid for the UK market, reported by Computer Trade Weekly via Advanced Computer Entertainment magazine to be upwards of £20 million total.[129]

The Game Boy launched at a recommended retail price (RRP) of £69.99 (compared to a RRP of $89.99 in the US) and was sold bundled with the Tetris Game Pak and a Game Link Cable. Six other Game Boy Game Paks were available and sold separately at launch in the UK including Super Mario Land, Alleyway, Golf, Qix, Solar Striker and Tennis, all with a RRP of £19.99.[99][130]

The Game Boy was advertised as stocked by UK retailers Currys, Debenhams, Dixons, Hamleys, Harrods, Index, Rumbelows, Toys R Us, Selfridges, Virgin and Woolworths.[131]

Game Boy games released in the UK
Title UK Release Date UK Licensee UK Distributor References
Tetris September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Super Mario Land September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Alleyway September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Golf September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Qix September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Solar Striker September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Tennis September 1990 Nintendo Bandai [99]
Balloon Kid February 1991 Nintendo Bandai [101]
Pinball: Revenge of the Gator February 1991 [101]
Kwirk February 1991 [101]
Wizards & Warriors X: The Fortress of Fear February 1991 [101]
Double Dragon March 1991 [103]
Gargoyle's Quest March 1991 [103]
The Amazing Spider-Man March 1991 [103]
The Chessmaster April 1991 [108]
Nintendo World Cup May 1991 [108]
Burai Fighter Deluxe June 1991 [108]
Dr. Mario June 1991 Nintendo [108]
The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle August 1991 [109][111]
Radar Mission August 1991 Nintendo [109][111]
Side Pocket August 1991 [109][111]
Batman: The Video Game October 1991 [111][112]
Chase H.Q. October 1991 [111][112]
DuckTales October 1991 [111][112]
F-1 Race October 1991 [111][112]
Hyper Lode Runner October 1991 [111][112]
Motocross Maniacs October 1991 [111][112]
R-Type October 1991 [111][112]
RoboCop October 1991 [111][112]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan October 1991 [111][112]
Boulder Dash December 1991 [112][113]
Boxxle December 1991 [112][113]
Castlevania: The Adventure December 1991 [112][113]
Dynablaster December 1991 [112][113]
Gremlins 2 December 1991 [112][113]
Kung Fu Master December 1991 [112][113]
Paperboy December 1991 [112][113]
The Rescue of Princess Blobette December 1991 [112][113]
Bubble Ghost February 1992 [113][115]
Fortified Zone February 1992 [113][115]
Ghostbusters II February 1992 [113][115]
Mercenary Force February 1992 [113][115]
Navy SEALS February 1992 [113][115]
Nemesis February 1992 [113][115]
Othello February 1992 [113][115]
Bart Simpson's Escape from Camp Deadly February 1992 [113][115]
Skate or Die: Bad 'N Rad February 1992 [113][115]
Sneaky Snakes February 1992 [113][115]
Super R.C. Pro-Am February 1992 [113][115]
Blades of Steel April 1992 [115][116]
Bubble Bobble April 1992 [115][116]
Burger Time Deluxe April 1992 [115][116]
Choplifter II April 1992 [115][116]
Q*bert April 1992 [115][116]
WWF Superstars April 1992 [115][116]
Double Dragon II June 1992 [116][118]
Gauntlet II June 1992 [115][118]
The Hunt for Red October June 1992 [115][118]
Solomon's Club June 1992 [115][118]
Snoopy's Magic Show June 1992 [115][118]
Marble Madness June 1992 [116][118]
Pac-Man June 1992 [116][118]
Football International June 1992 [118]
Mr. Do! August 1992 [116][119]
Metroid II: Return of Samus August 1992 [118][119]
Kid Icarus: Of Myths and Monsters August 1992 [118][119]
Hook August 1992 [118][119]
Adventure Island August 1992 [118][119]
Caesars Palace August 1992 [118][119]
Mega Man: Dr. Wily's Revenge August 1992 [118][119]
Home Alone October 1992 [119][120]
The Addams Family October 1992 [119][120]
Mickey Mouse October 1992 [119][120]
Shadow Warriors October 1992 [119][120]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles II: Back From the Sewers October 1992 [119][120]
Track Meet October 1992 [119][120]
T2: Terminator 2: Judgment Day [118]

1992: Super Nintendo Entertainment System

Super Nintendo Entertainment System games released in the UK
Title UK Release Date UK Licensee UK Distributor References
Super Mario World June 1992 Nintendo Bandai [118][119][132]
F-Zero June 1992 [118][119][132]
Super Tennis June 1992 [118][119][132]
Super R-Type August 1992 [118][119]
Super Soccer August 1992 [118][119]
The Addams Family October 1992 [119][120]
Super Castlevania IV October 1992 [119][120]
Final Fight October 1992 [119][120]
Paperboy 2 October 1992 [119][120]
Lemmings December 1992
Rival Turf December 1992
Sim City December 1992
Street Fighter II December 1992
Super Adventure Island December 1992
Super Ghouls N Ghosts December 1992
Super Probotector December 1992
Super Smash TV December 1992
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles IV: Turtles in Time December 1992
Top Gear December 1992
UN Squadron December 1992
The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past December 1992
Actraiser January 1993
Super Mario Kart January 1993
Axelay January 1993
Battle Clash February 1993
Another World February 1993
Prince of Persia February 1993
Road Runner February 1993
Super Off Road February 1993
Suzuki F1 February 1993
The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse February 1993
Starwing 5 June 1993

1992: Nintendo Magazine System

References

  1. ↑ "Corporate". Nintendo of Europe GmbH. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 CVG Magazine Issue 078. April 1988. p. 125. Search this book on
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Games Machine Issue 04. March 1988. p. 9. Search this book on
  4. ↑ ACE - Issue 06 (1988-03)(Future Publishing)(GB). March 1988. p. 7. Search this book on
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Nintendo History". Nintendo of Europe GmbH. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "COMMISSION DECISION of 30 October 2002 relating to a proceeding pursuant to Article 81 of the EC Treaty and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (COMP/35.587 PO Video Games, COMP/35.706 PO Nintendo Distribution and COMP/36.321 Omega—Nintendo)". Official Journal of the European Union. 2003-10-08.
  7. ↑ "NINTENDO OF EUROPE GMBH - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  8. ↑ "Nintendo offloads games distribution". The Independent. 1995-07-26. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  9. ↑ "Nintendo UK heads to Windsor". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  10. ↑ Financial Times , 1988, UK, English. pp. 36–37. Search this book on
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Blumenthal, Howard J. (1982). The Complete Guide To Electronic Games. pp. 92–93. Search this book on
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 CVG Magazine Issue 002. December 1981. p. 89. Search this book on
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 CVG Magazine Issue 001. November 1981. p. 79. Search this book on
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 CVG Magazine Issue 003. January 1982. p. 72. Search this book on
  15. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 011. September 1982. p. 21. Search this book on
  16. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 002. December 1981. p. 31. Search this book on
  17. ↑ "Nintendo Donkey Kong Game and Watch DK-52 - Boxed with Original Dixons Receipt | eBay". 2021-07-23. Archived from the original on 2021-07-23. Retrieved 2021-07-23. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 025. November 1983. p. 138. Search this book on
  19. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1982) Atari 2600 release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  20. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 017. March 1983. p. 29. Search this book on
  21. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1986) ZX Spectrum release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Your Computer Magazine (February 1987). February 1987. p. 76. Search this book on
  23. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1986) MSX release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  24. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1983) Commodore 64 release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  25. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1986) Amstrad CPC release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  26. ↑ Argos Autumn/Winter 1982-83 catalogue. 1982. p. 245. Search this book on
  27. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 022. August 1983. p. 17. Search this book on
  28. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 035. September 1984. pp. 66–68. Search this book on
  29. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 014. December 1982. p. 31. Search this book on
  30. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 019. May 1983. p. 31. Search this book on
  31. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 028. February 1984. p. 50. Search this book on
  32. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 034. August 1984. p. 47. Search this book on
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 CVG Magazine Issue 040. February 1985. p. 85. Search this book on
  34. ↑ Your Computer (1986-08). August 1986. p. 51. Search this book on
  35. ↑ "ELECTROCOIN AUTOMATICS LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  36. ↑ Nintendo; Electrocoin (1987). PlayChoice-10. Search this book on
  37. ↑ Nintendo; Electrocoin (1987). PlayChoice-10. Search this book on
  38. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 01. October 1987. p. 35. Search this book on
  39. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly Vol. 6 No. 5 1987-01-29 (PDF). p. 6. Search this book on
  40. ↑ Crash Magazine Issue 42. July 1987. p. 103. Search this book on
  41. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 04. p. 36. Search this book on
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 One Year Limited Warranty For Nintendo Entertainment System By Mattel U.K. Limited. 1987. Search this book on
  43. ↑ 43.00 43.01 43.02 43.03 43.04 43.05 43.06 43.07 43.08 43.09 43.10 43.11 43.12 43.13 43.14 43.15 CVG Magazine Issue 068. June 1987. pp. 124–125. Search this book on
  44. ↑ 44.00 44.01 44.02 44.03 44.04 44.05 44.06 44.07 44.08 44.09 44.10 44.11 CVG Magazine Issue 068. June 1987. p. 9. Search this book on
  45. ↑ Crash Magazine Issue 42. July 1987. p. 102. Search this book on
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 David Sheff, Andy Eddy (1999-04-01). Game Over, Press Start to Continue: How Nintendo Conquered the World 0966961706. p. 413. Search this book on
  47. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly 1986-04-17 (PDF). p. 48. Search this book on
  48. ↑ Sinclair User Magazine Issue 051. June 1986. p. 7. Search this book on
  49. ↑ Sinclair User Magazine Issue 055. October 1986. p. 25. Search this book on
  50. ↑ "MATTEL U.K. LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-02-13.
  51. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly (1986-09-18). 1986-09-18. p. 4. Search this book on
  52. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly (1986-10-23). 1986-10-23. p. 4. Search this book on
  53. ↑ Crash - No. 38 (1987-03)(Newsfield)(GB). March 1987. p. 10. Search this book on
  54. ↑ "History". Toy Fair. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  55. ↑ "Playing games with a Robot, 1987". BBC Archive. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  56. ↑ Crash - No. 42 (1987-07)(Newsfield)(GB). July 1987. p. 10. Search this book on
  57. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 070. August 1987. pp. 6–7. Search this book on
  58. ↑ Crash Magazine Issue 43. August 1987. pp. 26–27. Search this book on
  59. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 01. p. 28. Search this book on
  60. ↑ ACE - Issue 01 (1987-10)(Future Publishing)(GB). October 1987. p. 21. Mattel have dropped the price of the Nintendo unit to equal the Sega system Search this book on
  61. ↑ Argos Autumn/Winter 1991/92 catalogue. 1991. p. 338. Search this book on
  62. ↑ 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 Hayes, Michael; Dinsey, Stuart (1995). Games War: Video Games - A Business Review. 8 Abbotstone Road, London SW15 1QR: Bowerdean Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 0-906097-34-7. Search this book on
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 The Games Machine Issue 11. October 1988. p. 28. Search this book on
  64. ↑ "Playing games with a Robot, 1987". BBC Archive. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  65. ↑ Video Game: Past, Present and Future. An Industry Overview. Search this book on
  66. ↑ 66.00 66.01 66.02 66.03 66.04 66.05 66.06 66.07 66.08 66.09 66.10 66.11 66.12 66.13 66.14 66.15 66.16 66.17 The Games Machine Issue 01. October 1987. p. 34. Search this book on
  67. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 082. August 1988. p. 111. Search this book on
  68. ↑ Argos Autumn/Winter 1987/88 catalogue. 1987. p. 501. Search this book on
  69. ↑ Argos Spring/Summer 1990 catalogue. 1990. p. 297. Search this book on
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 CVG Magazine Issue 074. December 1987. p. 175. Both Sega and Nintendo third party UK and European Licenses come up for grabs in 1988. Search this book on
  71. ↑ 71.00 71.01 71.02 71.03 71.04 71.05 71.06 71.07 71.08 71.09 71.10 71.11 71.12 71.13 71.14 71.15 71.16 CVG Magazine Issue 073. November 1987. p. 132. Search this book on
  72. ↑ "Nintendo vs. Sega with Bruce Lowry". Mediajuice Studios. 2019-07-01. 54 min. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  73. ↑ "High-Tech Crisis Forces Publishers to Make Tough Choices : Shortage of Memory Chips Hurting Video Game Makers". Los Angeles Times. 1988-05-26. Retrieved 2021-06-07.
  74. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 085. November 1988. p. 132. Search this book on
  75. ↑ David Sheff, Andy Eddy (1999-04-01). Game Over, Press Start to Continue: How Nintendo Conquered the World 0966961706. p. 215. Licensees could only make up to five Nintendo games a year Search this book on
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 Konami Software Club Issue 13. 1989. pp. 19–20. Search this book on
  77. ↑ "What great creativity needs". nesta. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  78. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 081. July 1988. p. 111. Search this book on
  79. ↑ Konami Software Club 11. June 1988. p. 3. Search this book on
  80. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 11. October 1988. pp. 27–28. Search this book on
  81. ↑ "Computer Business Review - NINTENDO HAS DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT WITH SERIF COWELLS". Tech Monitor. 1989-06-12. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  82. ↑ "BANDAI UK LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  83. ↑ Mean Machines Issue 01. p. 7. Search this book on
  84. ↑ Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles, NES (Palcom/Nintendo, 1990) UK TV ad, retrieved 2021-05-23
  85. ↑ "What great creativity needs". nesta. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  86. ↑ "Mike Hayes (SEGA/Nintendo) - Interview". Arcade Attack. 2017-05-08. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  87. ↑ 87.00 87.01 87.02 87.03 87.04 87.05 87.06 87.07 87.08 87.09 87.10 87.11 87.12 87.13 87.14 87.15 87.16 87.17 87.18 87.19 87.20 87.21 87.22 87.23 87.24 87.25 87.26 87.27 87.28 87.29 87.30 87.31 87.32 87.33 87.34 87.35 87.36 87.37 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 1. 1989-04-01. Search this book on
  88. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 16. March 1989. p. 49. Search this book on
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 ACE - Issue 20 (1989-05)(Future Publishing)(GB). May 1989. p. 55. Search this book on
  90. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 090. April 1989. p. 104. Search this book on
  91. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 17. April 1989. p. 51. Search this book on
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 2. 1989-06-01. Search this book on
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 93.4 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 3. 1989-08-01. Search this book on
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 94.4 94.5 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 4. 1989-10-01. Search this book on
  95. ↑ 95.00 95.01 95.02 95.03 95.04 95.05 95.06 95.07 95.08 95.09 95.10 95.11 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 5. 1989-12-01. Search this book on
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.5 96.6 96.7 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 1. 1990-02-01. Search this book on
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.4 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 2. 1990-04-01. Search this book on
  98. ↑ 98.00 98.01 98.02 98.03 98.04 98.05 98.06 98.07 98.08 98.09 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 3. 1990-06-01. Search this book on
  99. ↑ 99.00 99.01 99.02 99.03 99.04 99.05 99.06 99.07 99.08 99.09 99.10 99.11 99.12 99.13 99.14 99.15 99.16 99.17 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 4. 1990-08-01. Search this book on
  100. ↑ 100.00 100.01 100.02 100.03 100.04 100.05 100.06 100.07 100.08 100.09 100.10 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 5. 1990-10-01. Search this book on
  101. ↑ 101.00 101.01 101.02 101.03 101.04 101.05 101.06 101.07 101.08 101.09 101.10 101.11 101.12 101.13 101.14 101.15 101.16 101.17 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 6. 1990-12-01. Search this book on
  102. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 01. October 1990. p. 24. Search this book on
  103. ↑ 103.00 103.01 103.02 103.03 103.04 103.05 103.06 103.07 103.08 103.09 103.10 103.11 103.12 103.13 103.14 103.15 103.16 103.17 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 1. 1991-02-01. Search this book on
  104. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 03. December 1990. p. 37. Search this book on
  105. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 03. December 1990. p. 73. Search this book on
  106. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 04. January 1991. p. 67. Search this book on
  107. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 03. December 1990. p. 44. Search this book on
  108. ↑ 108.00 108.01 108.02 108.03 108.04 108.05 108.06 108.07 108.08 108.09 108.10 108.11 108.12 108.13 108.14 108.15 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 2. 1991-04-01. Search this book on
  109. ↑ 109.00 109.01 109.02 109.03 109.04 109.05 109.06 109.07 109.08 109.09 109.10 109.11 109.12 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 3. 1991-06-01. Search this book on
  110. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 08. May 1991. p. 69. Search this book on
  111. ↑ 111.00 111.01 111.02 111.03 111.04 111.05 111.06 111.07 111.08 111.09 111.10 111.11 111.12 111.13 111.14 111.15 111.16 111.17 111.18 111.19 111.20 111.21 111.22 111.23 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 4. 1991-08-01. Search this book on
  112. ↑ 112.00 112.01 112.02 112.03 112.04 112.05 112.06 112.07 112.08 112.09 112.10 112.11 112.12 112.13 112.14 112.15 112.16 112.17 112.18 112.19 112.20 112.21 112.22 112.23 112.24 112.25 112.26 112.27 112.28 112.29 112.30 112.31 112.32 112.33 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 5. 1991-10-01. Search this book on
  113. ↑ 113.00 113.01 113.02 113.03 113.04 113.05 113.06 113.07 113.08 113.09 113.10 113.11 113.12 113.13 113.14 113.15 113.16 113.17 113.18 113.19 113.20 113.21 113.22 113.23 113.24 113.25 113.26 113.27 113.28 113.29 113.30 113.31 113.32 113.33 113.34 113.35 113.36 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 6. 1991-12-01. Search this book on
  114. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 16. January 1992. p. 88. Search this book on
  115. ↑ 115.00 115.01 115.02 115.03 115.04 115.05 115.06 115.07 115.08 115.09 115.10 115.11 115.12 115.13 115.14 115.15 115.16 115.17 115.18 115.19 115.20 115.21 115.22 115.23 115.24 115.25 115.26 115.27 115.28 115.29 115.30 115.31 115.32 115.33 115.34 115.35 115.36 115.37 115.38 115.39 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 1. 1992-02-01. Search this book on
  116. ↑ 116.00 116.01 116.02 116.03 116.04 116.05 116.06 116.07 116.08 116.09 116.10 116.11 116.12 116.13 116.14 116.15 116.16 116.17 116.18 116.19 116.20 116.21 116.22 116.23 116.24 116.25 116.26 116.27 116.28 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 2. 1992-04-01. Search this book on
  117. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 19. April 1992. p. 58. Search this book on
  118. ↑ 118.00 118.01 118.02 118.03 118.04 118.05 118.06 118.07 118.08 118.09 118.10 118.11 118.12 118.13 118.14 118.15 118.16 118.17 118.18 118.19 118.20 118.21 118.22 118.23 118.24 118.25 118.26 118.27 118.28 118.29 118.30 118.31 118.32 118.33 118.34 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 3. 1992-06-01. Search this book on
  119. ↑ 119.00 119.01 119.02 119.03 119.04 119.05 119.06 119.07 119.08 119.09 119.10 119.11 119.12 119.13 119.14 119.15 119.16 119.17 119.18 119.19 119.20 119.21 119.22 119.23 119.24 119.25 119.26 119.27 119.28 119.29 119.30 119.31 119.32 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 4. 1992-08-01. Search this book on
  120. ↑ 120.00 120.01 120.02 120.03 120.04 120.05 120.06 120.07 120.08 120.09 120.10 120.11 120.12 120.13 120.14 120.15 120.16 120.17 120.18 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 5. 1992-10-01. Search this book on
  121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 121.2 121.3 121.4 121.5 121.6 121.7 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 6. 1992-12-01. Search this book on
  122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 Club Nintendo Volume 5 Issue 1. 1993-02-01. Search this book on
  123. ↑ "Ninterview: Behind The Scenes At Club Nintendo Magazine". Nintendo Life. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  124. ↑ "Out-of-Print Archive • Computer And Video Games (UK)". www.outofprintarchive.com. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  125. ↑ "Magazines - Club Nintendo Archives". clubnintendoarchives.neocities.org. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  126. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 093. July 1989. p. 97. Search this book on
  127. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 34. pp. 16–17. Search this book on
  128. ↑ "Introducing the 100 most influential people working in the British games industry - 2017". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  129. ↑ ACE Issue 37 Oct 90. p. 88. Search this book on
  130. ↑ ACE Issue 38 Nov 90. p. 137. Search this book on
  131. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 02. November 1990. p. 13. Search this book on
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 Computer & Video Games - Issue 126 (1992-05)(EMAP Publishing)(GB). May 1992. Search this book on


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