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Nintendo UK

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


Nintendo UK is the name used for Nintendo's operations in the United Kingdom. It is part of Nintendo of Europe, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nintendo Co., Ltd.[1]

Nintendo UK has existed in various forms, beginning in 1988 with the UK office of NES International (NESI), after Nintendo took over UK distribution of the Nintendo Entertainment System from Mattel.[2][3][4]

In 1993 Nintendo UK Entertainment Limited was the first company to use the name "Nintendo UK" after Nintendo again took over UK distribution of its products, this time from Bandai.[5][6]

In January 2001 UK distribution was returned again to Nintendo from Total Home Entertainment (THE) Games Limited, a subsidiary of John Menzies.[6] Nintendo UK was established as a branch of Nintendo of Europe GmbH and registered to the Companies Act 1985,[7] moving offices to Slough.[5] Previously Nintendo's UK operations had been situated in Eastleigh, Hampshire.[8]

In 2006 Nintendo UK's offices were moved from Slough to Windsor, where they remain as of 2021.[9]

History[edit]

1980: Game & Watch[edit]

Nintendo's Game & Watch handheld electronic games were imported and sold in the UK by Computer Games Limited (CGL), a trading name of UK electronics company Betacom.[10]

Game & Watch Ball, Vermin and Fire were the first Game & Watch games released by CGL in 1980 and were priced at about £20 each.[11]

CGL continued to release Game & Watch games in the UK throughout the 1980s, all branded with the CGL logo but otherwise unchanged with the exception of Helmet, which was renamed to Headache.[12]

Game & Watch games released in the UK by CGL
Title Series Model Release Date (Global) Release Date (UK)
Ball Silver AC-01 1980-04-28 1980 [11]
Flagman Silver FL-02 1980-06-05 Unknown
Vermin Silver MT-03 1980-07-10 1980 [11]
Fire Silver RC-04 1980-07-31 1980 [11]
Judge Silver IP-05 1980-10-04 Unknown
Manhole Gold MH-06 1981-01-29 1981 [13]
Helmet (Headache) Gold CN-07 1981-02-21 1981 [13]
Lion Gold LN-08 1981-04-29 1981 [13]
Parachute Wide Screen PR-21 1981-06-19 1981 [12]
Octopus Wide Screen OC-22 1981-07-16 1981 [12]
Popeye Wide Screen PP-23 1981-08-05 1982 [14]
Chef Wide Screen FP-24 1981-09-08 1982 [14]
Mickey Mouse Wide Screen MC-25 1981-10-09 1982 [14]
Egg Wide Screen EG-26 1981-10-09 Unknown
Fire Wide Screen FR-27 1981-12-04 Unknown
Turtle Bridge Wide Screen TL-28 1982-02-01 1982 [15]
Fire Attack Wide Screen ID-29 1982-03-26
Snoopy Tennis Wide Screen SP-30 1982-04-28

1981: Nintendo arcade games[edit]

1981: Donkey Kong[edit]

Donkey Kong was the first of Nintendo's arcade games to gain mainstream recognition in the UK, arriving in UK arcades in late 1981.[16]

Owing to its popularity, many official and unofficial versions of the game were released. In 1982, Nintendo's own Donkey Kong Game & Watch game was released by CGL in the UK.[17][18] Coleco's official licensed Atari 2600 version of Donkey Kong[19] was also released in the UK in 1982, with Computer & Video Games magazine reporting that "...shops who managed to get hold of advance copies of the game before Christmas sold out in a matter of days".[20] In 1986 official licensed ports of Donkey Kong were released by UK-based software development company Ocean Software for the ZX Spectrum[21] (£7.95),[22] MSX,[23] Commodore 64[24] (£8.95)[22] & Amstrad CPC.[25]

Unofficial Donkey Kong-like games developed and released in the UK
Title Developer Platform Release Date (UK)
Crazy Kong Grandstand Grandstand 1982 [26]
Crazy Kong 64 Interceptor Micros Commodore 64 1983 [27]
Killer Gorilla Micro Power BBC Mirco 1983
Killer Kong Mark Phillips Commodore VIC-20 1984 [28]

1982: Donkey Kong Jr.[29][edit]

1983: Popeye[30][edit]

1984: Donkey Kong 3[31][edit]

1984: Punch-Out!![32][33][edit]

1985: VS. Golf[33][edit]

1985: VS. Tennis[33][edit]

1986: VS. Super Mario Bros.[34][edit]

1987: PlayChoice-10[edit]

Nintendo's PlayChoice-10 multi-game arcade machine was distributed in the UK from 1987 by both Brent Leisure and Electrocoin Automatics Limited[35][36][37], to coincide with the UK release of the NES, allowing players to try the latest NES games and also to preview possible upcoming releases "for as little as ten pence".[38] In January 1987 it was demonstrated by Brent Leisure at the Amusement Trades Exhibition International (ATEI) UK trade show.[39] The arcade machine itself cost "around £2000".[40] According to the March 1988 issue of The Games Machine it had been "proving very successful in many pub sites around London".[41]

1987: Nintendo Entertainment System[edit]

1987: Mattel[edit]

The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) launched in the UK in May 1987,[42][43][44][45] after Japan (1983), the US (1985) and some other areas of Europe such as Scandinavia (1986).[46]

Prior to launch, around mid-1986 it was speculated that Alan Sugar's Amstrad (which had recently bought Sinclair in April 1986) was planning to release the NES under the Sinclair name in the UK after (as reported in the 17th April 1986 issue of Popular Computing Weekly[47]) "Sugar saw the potential of a purely games machine on a recent trip to Japan, where Nintendo has recently notched up nine million sales of its games console". According to Andrew Wright of Activision there were "plans to release it in the UK for around £85"[48] and according to Malcolm Miller, marketing director of Amstrad "We will reserve the Sinclair name for the entertainment area and that could include a game a games console" "but it remains to be seen how well the product will do in Europe - Europeans tend to think that the equipment has to educate as well as entertain. If we do one, though, it'll be Sinclair."[49]

However, by late 1986 Mattel U.K. Limited[50] (the UK distributor for Nintendo's initial US distributor Worlds of Wonder) had been selected to be Nintendo's UK distributor.[51][52] Mattel showed the NES at the January 1987 Earl's Court annual Toy Fair,[53][54] and Judith Hann demonstrated R.O.B. and the NES on the 17th February 1987 episode of BBC's Tomorrow's World.[55]

Mattel held a NES Game Pak Prize Draw from May 1st 1987 through April 30th 1988 for customers who purchased the NES and mailed in their warranty registration card survey to Hi-Tech Electronic Services Ltd.[42]

The NES was initially advertised in the June 1987 issue of Computer & Video Games magazine[43] at a recommended retail price (RRP) of £129.99 (compared to an initial RRP of $99.99 in the US) for the "basic set" including Super Mario Bros., and £199.99 (compared to an initial RRP of $179.99 in the US) for the "deluxe set", which instead included the toy robot accessory "R.O.B." (Robotic Operating Buddy) and "zapper" light gun accessory, and two games designed to showcase them, Gyromite for R.O.B. and Duck Hunt for the zapper. However, within a month the RRP was quickly reduced to £99.99 and £159.99 respectively[56][57][58] to compete with Sega's £99.99[59] Master System,[60] which it remained at for the rest of 1987 and until 1990.

NES game paks retailed for around £20 to £40[61] and were significantly more expensive than other contemporary cassette-based computer games, often available for under £10 or under £3 for budget titles for systems such as the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64, which were already very popular in the UK at the time.

International divisions of American toy company Mattel initially handled distribution for the NES in the UK,[43] Italy, Australia and Canada on behalf of Nintendo.

U.S. Gold / CentreSoft's offshoot GO! was briefly appointed as a wholesaler for the UK by Mattel, but this initially only lasted until early 1988 and NESI's takeover of UK distribution (though NESI would reappoint CentreSoft as wholesaler again in November 1988).[62][63]

Initial UK marketing and promotional activity focused primarily on R.O.B.,[64][43] mirroring early marketing strategies from Nintendo of America. In the US, the video game crash of 1983 left retailers apprehensive of "video games", so in 1985 Nintendo rebranded the Japanese "Famicom" (Family Computer) video game console as the "NES" (Nintendo Entertainment System) and successfully marketed it to the US primarily as a toy experience, selling over 1 million units in 1986.[65] However, the video game crash of 1983 had a comparatively minor impact on the UK games market, as video game consoles such as the Atari 2600 were less popular, with the UK of the 1980s favouring home computers such as the ZX Spectrum and Commodore 64. This was likely a contributing factor as to why Mattel's toy-centric marketing found more difficulty capturing the interest of the UK games market.

Although the NES was advertised in the UK at launch alongside "27 game paks now available" and as available to buy from at least 23 UK retailers,[43] Mattel seemingly overpromised and underdelivered, as it launched with 17 games[42][66][67] and with unreliable and limited availability from UK retailers. Mattel announced and advertised UK retailers publicly before securing deals, including Woolworths, Currys, Dixons and Asda, who quickly contacted trade newspaper Computer Trade Weekly (CTW) to deny that Nintendo products had gained a listing.[62] UK retailer Argos only listed the NES once in their Autumn/Winter 1987/88 catalogue, including the more expensive deluxe set bundle but no NES game paks,[68] and it did not reappear in Argos catalogues until 1990.[69]

All games initially available were from Nintendo themselves, with no third party NES games available in the UK until 1988.[70] By the end of 1987,[66][71] the following 27 Nintendo-developed games were released for the UK by Mattel (as originally advertised):

10-Yard Fight, Balloon Fight, Baseball, Clu Clu Land, Donkey Kong, Donkey Kong Jr., Donkey Kong III, Donkey Kong Jr. Math, Duck Hunt, Excitebike, Golf, Gumshoe, Gyromite, Hogan's Alley, Ice Climber, Kung Fu, Mach Rider, Mario Bros., Pinball, Popeye, Soccer, Stack-up, Super Mario Bros., Tennis, Urban Champion, Wild Gunman, Wrecking Crew.

For a game to be released for the NES, it would need to be approved by Nintendo, and as Nintendo controlled cartridge production, developers would be required to agree to Nintendo's terms, which were far more restrictive than developing for home computers where software development was unrestricted and actively encouraged.

Despite the relative restrictiveness of development, several UK developers did go on to create successful NES games, most notably Rare (formerly home computer developer Ultimate Play the Game), who released several games for the NES, including Slalom, R.C. Pro-Am and Battletoads.


1988: NESI[edit]

In April 1987, Ron Judy (previously vice-president of marketing at Nintendo of America, who in 1983 had set up distribution for Nintendo's arcade games in Europe) moved to Paris, France and opened a small office above the Champs-Élysées, selling Nintendo products in France and Holland (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) as NES International (NESI) under exclusive distributorship from Nintendo Co., Ltd.[46]

After Nintendo's obligation to Mattel ended in 1988, (and according to The Games Magazine after briefly being passed to U.S. Gold's offshoot GO!)[63] NESI took over distribution of Nintendo products in the UK with Bruce Lowry (previously Vice President of Sales at Nintendo of America and President of Sega of America) moving to live and work on Nintendo's distribution in the UK for 3 years,[72] beginning as managing director of NESI's UK offices in Coventry.[62][2][3]

The 1988 chip shortage likely complicated Nintendo's efforts to make progress in the UK. In the US, where the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software, the 1988 chip shortage caused the delay of games such as Zelda II: The Adventure of Link[73] and combined with increasing demand resulted in a shortage of stock of many popular NES games.

In the UK, Nintendo only released a handful of games in 1988. This included The Legend of Zelda, Metroid, Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!!, Pro-Wrestling and R.C. Pro-Am.[74]

Nintendo's licensing agreement restricted third parties to releasing a maximum of 5 NES games per year.[75] Although third party licenses were available for the UK from 1988,[70] third party NES games did not start to be released in the UK until around the end of 1988 or early 1989. Konami were the first third party to release games for the NES in the UK, first releasing Castlevania, The Goonies II, Gradius and Top Gun.[76]

Boots and Littlewoods signed up as UK retailers for the NES in spring 1988, and until 1990 Boots would be the only major stockist of the NES in the UK.[62] In November 1988, U.S. Gold's distribution business, CentreSoft was again reappointed as a Nintendo wholesaler for the UK by NESI, with the deal this time lasting until 1 September 1991.[62]

The NES continued to struggle in the UK games market throughout 1988. According to Mike Hayes, marketing director for Nintendo UK from 1989, "Nintendo at the time was a failing brand having been treated as a toy by Mattel and never really securing the phenomenal success that it had enjoyed in Japan and North America. Dusty boxes of the Deluxe Edition would languish on the shelves of the only major stockist - Boots".[77] According to Luther De Gale of De Gale Marketing,[78] at the time a Nintendo salesman and previously of Konami UK,[79] "Although the Nintendo is alive and well, and living in the homes of 12 million Japanese and five million American families, I've only just seen one in my local computer store - and I supplied it to them!" and "Although Nintendo have failed to produce results in Britain, the interest is still so strong that arcade companies like Electrocoin are starting to push from behind.".[80]

1989: Serif[edit]

In June 1989[62] UK distribution of Nintendo products was taken over by San Serif Print Promotions Limited (abbreviated to Serif or San Serif), who held the rights to Trivial Pursuit and Pictionary in Europe.[81]

UK retailer Dixons began a 75 store trial with the NES in May 1989, but this lasted just five months and was cleared out in October 1989.[62]

1990: Bandai[edit]

By 1990 Bandai were successfully distributing the NES in France and Holland under European Bandai President, Bernard Prat.[62] In August 1990[62] UK distribution of Nintendo products was taken over by Bandai[62] in anticipation of the UK launches of the Game Boy and Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles, and handled from their UK offices in Fareham, Hampshire.[82] Some of the key staff from Serif switched to Bandai to continue to work on Nintendo's UK distribution, such as marketing director Mike Hayes and sales manager Rob Cooper.[62]

For Christmas 1990, the NES was bundled with Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles (the word Ninja was considered controversial in the UK at the time) and sold at a reduced price of £79.99 (previously £99.99).[83][84] According to Mike Hayes, this was much against the wishes of Nintendo of America, but increased sales by 2000% and helped to re-establish Nintendo in the UK market, overtaking sales of Sega's Master System at the time.[85][86]

NES games released in the UK
Title UK Release Date UK Licensee UK Distributor References
10-Yard Fight Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Balloon Fight Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Baseball Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Clu Clu Land Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Donkey Kong Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Donkey Kong III Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Donkey Kong Jr. Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Donkey Kong Jr. Math Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Duck Hunt Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Excitebike Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Golf Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Gumshoe Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Gyromite Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Hogan's Alley Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Ice Climber Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Kung Fu Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Mach Rider Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Mario Bros. Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Pinball Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Popeye Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Soccer Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Stack-up Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Super Mario Bros. Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [43][44][87]
Tennis Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Urban Champion Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Wild Gunman Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Wrecking Crew Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Mattel [66][71][87]
Kid Icarus Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [87]
Metroid Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo NESI [87]
Mike Tyson's Punch-Out!! Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo NESI [87]
Pro Wrestling Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo NESI [87]
R.C. Pro-Am Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo NESI [87]
The Legend of Zelda Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo NESI [87]
Castlevania Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami NESI [87][88][89][76]
Gradius Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami NESI [87][89][90][91][76]
The Goonies II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami NESI [87][89][76]
Top Gun Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami NESI [87][76]
Super Mario Bros. 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo NESI [87][92]
Rush'n Attack Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [92][93]
Ghost 'N Goblins Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [92][93]
Gun.Smoke Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [92][93]
Ikari Warriors Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". SNK [93][94]
Trojan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [93][94]
Section Z Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [94][95]
Xevious Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Bandai [94][95]
Mega Man Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [94][95]
RoboWarrior Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Jaleco [94][95]
Tiger-Heli Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [95][96]
Wizards & Warriors Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [95][96]
Cobra Triangle Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Serif [95][96]
Life Force: Salamander Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [95][96]
Track & Field II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [95][96]
Double Dribble Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [95][96]
Metal Gear Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [95][96]
To the Earth Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Serif [95][96]
Zelda II: The Adventure of Link Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Serif [97][98]
Castlevania II: Simon's Quest Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [97][98]
Rygar Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Tecmo [97][98]
Solomon's Key Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Tecmo [97][98]
Airwolf Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [97][98]
Batman Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Sunsoft [98][99]
Fester's Quest Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Sunsoft [98][99]
Skate or Die Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [98][99]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [98][99]
Tetris Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [98][99]
Bionic Commando Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [99][100]
Blades of Steel Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [99][100]
Bubble Bobble Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Taito [99][100]
Double Dragon II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [99][100]
Spy vs. Spy Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Kemco [99][100]
Silent Service Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [100][101][102]
Donkey Kong Classics Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101]
Faxanadu Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [100][101]
Mega Man 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [101][103]
Paperboy Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Mindscape [100][101]
Robocop Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean [100][101][104]
World Wrestling Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Tecmo [100][101][105]
Wrath of the Black Manta Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Taito [100][101]
Double Dragon Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
Pinbot Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101][103][106]
Solar Jetman Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101][103][107]
Ghostbusters II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Activision [103]
Probotector Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [103][108]
Rescue: The Embassy Mission Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Kemco [103][108]
Snake Rattle 'N Roll Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
Stealth ATF Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
Super Off Road Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101][103]
The Adventures of Bayou Billy Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [103][108]
DuckTales Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [103][108]
Nintendo World Cup Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [103][108]
Bad Dudes Vs. DragonNinja Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean [103][108]
Gauntlet II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Mindscape [108][109]
Gremlins 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Sunsoft [103][108]
IronSword: Wizards & Warriors II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [108][109]
Burai Fighter Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [108][109]
Dr. Mario Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [108][109]
Rad Gravity Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Activision [108][109]
Days of Thunder Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Mindscape [110]
Jack Nicklaus Championship Golf Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [109][111]
Turbo Racing Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Data East [109][111]
Captain Skyhawk Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [109][111]
Solstice Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [109][111]
Super Spike V'ball Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [109][111]
Battle of Olympus Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [111][112]
Boulder Dash Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [111][112]
Goal Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Jaleco [111][112]
Isolated Warrior Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [111][112]
Kabuki Quantum Fighter Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [111][112]
Shadow Warriors Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Tecmo [111][112]
Shadowgate Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Kemco [111][112]
Defender of the Crown Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [112][113]
Kickle Cubicle Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [112][113]
Low G Man Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [112][113]
Power Blade Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Taito [112][113]
Rollergames Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [112][113]
Ski or Die Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [112][113]
Super Mario Bros. 3 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [112][113]
The Simpsons: Bart vs. the Space Mutants Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [112][113]
Top Gun: The Second Mission Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [112][113]
WWF WrestleMania Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [112][113]
Smash TV Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [114]
Blue Shadow Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Taito [113][115]
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [113][115]
Dragon's Lair Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Elite [113][115]
Maniac Mansion Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Jaleco [113][115]
Mission Impossible Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [113][115]
North & South Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Infogrames [113][115]
Star Wars Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". JVC / Lucasfilm Games [113][115]
Swords & Serpents Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [113][115]
Blaster Master Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Sunsoft [115][116]
Bugs Bunny Birthday Blow Out Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Kemco [115][116]
Captain Planet Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Mindscape [115][116]
Hunt For Red October Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Hi Tech Expressions [115][116]
Jackie Chan's Action Kung Fu Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Hudson Soft [115][116]
New Ghostbusters II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". HAL Laboratory [115][116]
New Zealand Story Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean [115][116]
Rainbow Islands: Bubble Bobble 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean Bandai [115][116]
Snake's Revenge Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [115][116]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles II: The Arcade Game Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [115][116]
Totally Rad Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Jaleco [115][116]
Battletoads Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Tradewest Bandai [117]
Adventures of Lolo 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". HAL Laboratory [116][118]
CrackOut Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [116][118]
Double Dragon III Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Acclaim [116][118]
Godzilla Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Toho [116][118]
Hyper Soccer Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [116][118]
Little Nemo The Dream Master Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [116][118]
Lunar Pool Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". FCI [116][118]
Road Fighter Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [116][118]
Operation Wolf Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Taito Bandai [119]
The Flintstones: The Rescue of Dino & Hoppy Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Taito Bandai [119]
Adventure Island II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Hudson Soft [118][119]
Four Player Tennis Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [118][119]
High Speed Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Tradewest [118][119]
Hook Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean [118][119]
Mega Man 3 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [118][119]
NES Open Golf Tournament Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [118][119]
Addams Family Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean [119][120]
Adventure in the Magic Kingdom Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [119][120]
Robocop 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Ocean [119][120]
Batman Return of the Joker Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Sunsoft [120][121]
Mario & Yoshi Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [120][121]
Paperboy 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Mindscape [120][121]
TaleSpin Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Capcom [120][121]
Tiny Toon Adventures Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami [120][121]
Tom & Jerry Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Hi Tech Expressions Bandai [120][121]
Probotector II: Return of the Evil Forces Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Konami Bandai [122]
Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Palcom [122]
Galaxy 5000 TBC Activision
Marble Madness TBC Milton Bradley
Lemmings TBC Ocean [121]
T2: Terminator 2: Judgment Day TBC LJN [118]
WWF WrestleMania Challenge TBC LJN
The Simpsons Bart Vs. The World TBC Acclaim [121]
Digger T. Rock: Legend of the Lost City TBC Milton Bradley
California Games TBC Milton Bradley
Trog TBC Acclaim
A Boy and His Blob: Trouble on Blobolonia TBC Nintendo
Action in New York TBC Infogrames
Adventure Island Classic TBC Hudson Soft
Alien 3 TBC LJN
Alfred Chicken TBC Mindscape
Asterix TBC Infogrames
Barbie TBC Hi Tech Expressions
Battleship TBC Mindscape
Battletoads / Double Dragon TBC Nintendo
Bucky O'Hare TBC Palcom
Castelian TBC Storm Sales Curve
Darkwing Duck TBC Capcom
Bram Stoker's Dracula TBC Sony Imagesoft
DuckTales 2 TBC Capcom
Dropzone TBC Mindscape
Elite TBC Imagineer
Eliminator Boat Duel TBC Storm Sales Curve
F-15 Strike Eagle TBC MicroProse
Ferrari Grand Prix Challenge TBC Acclaim
Gargoyle's Quest II TBC Capcom
George Foreman's KO Boxing TBC Acclaim
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York TBC THQ
James Bond Jr. TBC THQ
Jimmy Connors Tennis TBC Ubisoft
Joe & Mac: Caveman Ninja TBC Elite
Jurassic Park TBC Ocean
Kirby's Adventure TBC Nintendo
Kick Off TBC Imagineer
Krusty's Fun House TBC Acclaim
The Lion King TBC Virgin
Mario Is Missing! TBC Mindscape
McDonaldLand TBC Ocean
Mega Man 4 TBC Nintendo
The Miracle Piano Teaching System TBC Mindscape
Monster in My Pocket TBC Palcom
Noah's Ark TBC Konami
Pac-Man TBC Nintendo
Parodius TBC Palcom
Parasol Stars: Rainbow Islands II TBC Ocean
The Legend of Prince Valiant TBC Ocean
Pirates! TBC Palcom
Punch-Out!! TBC Nintendo
Rad Racer TBC Nintendo
Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six TBC LJN
Street Gangs TBC Infogrames
Super Mario Bros. / Duck Hunt TBC Nintendo
Super Mario Bros. / Tetris / Nintendo World Cup TBC Nintendo
Super Turrican TBC Imagineer
Sword Master TBC Activision
Tetris 2 TBC Nintendo
The Incredible Crash Dummies TBC LJN
The Jungle Book TBC Virgin
Time Lord TBC Milton Bradley
Ultimate Air Combat TBC Activision
WWF WrestleMania Steel Cage Challenge TBC LJN
Wizards & Warriors III TBC Acclaim
Yoshi's Cookie TBC Nintendo

1989: Club Nintendo[edit]

Club Nintendo was the first official magazine for Nintendo in the UK and Europe, mirroring Nintendo Fun Club from the US and Bergsala's Nintendo Videospelklubb from Sweden. It was distributed by subscription and designed, translated from English into 13 or 14 different European languages and printed by Catalyst Publishing, a contract publishing house in Lemington Spa, Warwickshire.[123] Up to six issues were released per year, at a rate of one issue every two months from March/April 1989 to July/August 1993,[124][125] when Nintendo Magazine System (first published by EMAP in October 1992) replaced it as the UK's primary official Nintendo magazine.

1989: Game Boy[edit]

1989: Imports[edit]

Although not officially released in the UK until September 1990, the Game Boy console and Game Boy games were imported and sold in the UK as early as July 1989.[126] The Game Boy launched in Japan in April 1989 and unlike the Nintendo Entertainment System before it, which used regional lockout methods such as the 10NES chip, the Game Boy accepted cartridges designed for markets of any country and any language.

1990: Bandai[edit]

The Nintendo Game Boy was officially launched by Nintendo in the UK in September 1990,[127] with the first 5,000 Game Boy consoles being sold to UK retailer Dixons by Serif and Bandai sales manager Rob Cooper.[128]

UK distribution for the Game Boy was initially handled by Bandai, who took over distribution of Nintendo products in the UK from Serif in August 1990[62] after Serif were unable to raise the £4 million to fund inventory merchandising and marketing costs[62] to finance the bid for the UK market, reported by Computer Trade Weekly via Advanced Computer Entertainment magazine to be upwards of £20 million total.[129]

The Game Boy launched at a recommended retail price (RRP) of £69.99 (compared to a RRP of $89.99 in the US) and was sold bundled with the Tetris Game Pak and a Game Link Cable. Six other Game Boy Game Paks were available and sold separately at launch in the UK including Super Mario Land, Alleyway, Golf, Qix, Solar Striker and Tennis, all with a RRP of £19.99.[99][130]

The Game Boy was advertised as stocked by UK retailers Currys, Debenhams, Dixons, Hamleys, Harrods, Index, Rumbelows, Toys R Us, Selfridges, Virgin and Woolworths.[131]

Game Boy games released in the UK
Title UK Release Date UK Licensee UK Distributor References
Tetris Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Super Mario Land Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Alleyway Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Golf Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Qix Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Solar Striker Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Tennis Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [99]
Balloon Kid Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [101]
Pinball: Revenge of the Gator Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [101]
Kwirk Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [101]
Wizards & Warriors X: The Fortress of Fear Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [101]
Double Dragon Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [103]
Gargoyle's Quest Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [103]
The Amazing Spider-Man Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [103]
The Chessmaster Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [108]
Nintendo World Cup Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [108]
Burai Fighter Deluxe Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [108]
Dr. Mario Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [108]
The Bugs Bunny Crazy Castle Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [109][111]
Radar Mission Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo [109][111]
Side Pocket Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [109][111]
Batman: The Video Game Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
Chase H.Q. Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
DuckTales Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
F-1 Race Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
Hyper Lode Runner Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
Motocross Maniacs Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
R-Type Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
RoboCop Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [111][112]
Boulder Dash Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Boxxle Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Castlevania: The Adventure Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Dynablaster Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Gremlins 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Kung Fu Master Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Paperboy Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
The Rescue of Princess Blobette Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [112][113]
Bubble Ghost Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Fortified Zone Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Ghostbusters II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Mercenary Force Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Navy SEALS Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Nemesis Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Othello Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Bart Simpson's Escape from Camp Deadly Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Skate or Die: Bad 'N Rad Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Sneaky Snakes Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Super R.C. Pro-Am Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [113][115]
Blades of Steel Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][116]
Bubble Bobble Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][116]
Burger Time Deluxe Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][116]
Choplifter II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][116]
Q*bert Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][116]
WWF Superstars Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][116]
Double Dragon II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [116][118]
Gauntlet II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][118]
The Hunt for Red October Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][118]
Solomon's Club Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][118]
Snoopy's Magic Show Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [115][118]
Marble Madness Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [116][118]
Pac-Man Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [116][118]
Football International Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118]
Mr. Do! Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [116][119]
Metroid II: Return of Samus Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Kid Icarus: Of Myths and Monsters Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Hook Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Adventure Island Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Caesars Palace Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Mega Man: Dr. Wily's Revenge Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Home Alone Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
The Addams Family Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Mickey Mouse Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Shadow Warriors Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles II: Back From the Sewers Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Track Meet Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
T2: Terminator 2: Judgment Day [118]

1992: Super Nintendo Entertainment System[edit]

Super Nintendo Entertainment System games released in the UK
Title UK Release Date UK Licensee UK Distributor References
Super Mario World Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". Nintendo Bandai [118][119][132]
F-Zero Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119][132]
Super Tennis Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119][132]
Super R-Type Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
Super Soccer Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [118][119]
The Addams Family Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Super Castlevania IV Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Final Fight Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Paperboy 2 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting". [119][120]
Lemmings Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Rival Turf Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Sim City Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Street Fighter II Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Super Adventure Island Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Super Ghouls N Ghosts Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Super Probotector Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Super Smash TV Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles IV: Turtles in Time Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Top Gear Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
UN Squadron Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Actraiser Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Super Mario Kart Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Axelay Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Battle Clash Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Another World Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Prince of Persia Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Road Runner Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Super Off Road Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Suzuki F1 Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".
Starwing Script error: No such module "Date table sorting".

1992: Nintendo Magazine System[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ "Corporate". Nintendo of Europe GmbH. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 CVG Magazine Issue 078. April 1988. p. 125. Search this book on
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Games Machine Issue 04. March 1988. p. 9. Search this book on
  4. ↑ ACE - Issue 06 (1988-03)(Future Publishing)(GB). March 1988. p. 7. Search this book on
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Nintendo History". Nintendo of Europe GmbH. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "COMMISSION DECISION of 30 October 2002 relating to a proceeding pursuant to Article 81 of the EC Treaty and Article 53 of the EEA Agreement (COMP/35.587 PO Video Games, COMP/35.706 PO Nintendo Distribution and COMP/36.321 Omega—Nintendo)". Official Journal of the European Union. 2003-10-08.
  7. ↑ "NINTENDO OF EUROPE GMBH - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  8. ↑ "Nintendo offloads games distribution". The Independent. 1995-07-26. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  9. ↑ "Nintendo UK heads to Windsor". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  10. ↑ Financial Times , 1988, UK, English. pp. 36–37. Search this book on
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 Blumenthal, Howard J. (1982). The Complete Guide To Electronic Games. pp. 92–93. Search this book on
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 CVG Magazine Issue 002. December 1981. p. 89. Search this book on
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 CVG Magazine Issue 001. November 1981. p. 79. Search this book on
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 CVG Magazine Issue 003. January 1982. p. 72. Search this book on
  15. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 011. September 1982. p. 21. Search this book on
  16. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 002. December 1981. p. 31. Search this book on
  17. ↑ "Nintendo Donkey Kong Game and Watch DK-52 - Boxed with Original Dixons Receipt | eBay". 2021-07-23. Archived from the original on 2021-07-23. Retrieved 2021-07-23. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 025. November 1983. p. 138. Search this book on
  19. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1982) Atari 2600 release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  20. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 017. March 1983. p. 29. Search this book on
  21. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1986) ZX Spectrum release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Your Computer Magazine (February 1987). February 1987. p. 76. Search this book on
  23. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1986) MSX release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  24. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1983) Commodore 64 release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  25. ↑ "Donkey Kong (1986) Amstrad CPC release dates". MobyGames. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  26. ↑ Argos Autumn/Winter 1982-83 catalogue. 1982. p. 245. Search this book on
  27. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 022. August 1983. p. 17. Search this book on
  28. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 035. September 1984. pp. 66–68. Search this book on
  29. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 014. December 1982. p. 31. Search this book on
  30. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 019. May 1983. p. 31. Search this book on
  31. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 028. February 1984. p. 50. Search this book on
  32. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 034. August 1984. p. 47. Search this book on
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 CVG Magazine Issue 040. February 1985. p. 85. Search this book on
  34. ↑ Your Computer (1986-08). August 1986. p. 51. Search this book on
  35. ↑ "ELECTROCOIN AUTOMATICS LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-18.
  36. ↑ Nintendo; Electrocoin (1987). PlayChoice-10. Search this book on
  37. ↑ Nintendo; Electrocoin (1987). PlayChoice-10. Search this book on
  38. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 01. October 1987. p. 35. Search this book on
  39. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly Vol. 6 No. 5 1987-01-29 (PDF). p. 6. Search this book on
  40. ↑ Crash Magazine Issue 42. July 1987. p. 103. Search this book on
  41. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 04. p. 36. Search this book on
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 One Year Limited Warranty For Nintendo Entertainment System By Mattel U.K. Limited. 1987. Search this book on
  43. ↑ 43.00 43.01 43.02 43.03 43.04 43.05 43.06 43.07 43.08 43.09 43.10 43.11 43.12 43.13 43.14 43.15 CVG Magazine Issue 068. June 1987. pp. 124–125. Search this book on
  44. ↑ 44.00 44.01 44.02 44.03 44.04 44.05 44.06 44.07 44.08 44.09 44.10 44.11 CVG Magazine Issue 068. June 1987. p. 9. Search this book on
  45. ↑ Crash Magazine Issue 42. July 1987. p. 102. Search this book on
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 David Sheff, Andy Eddy (1999-04-01). Game Over, Press Start to Continue: How Nintendo Conquered the World 0966961706. p. 413. Search this book on
  47. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly 1986-04-17 (PDF). p. 48. Search this book on
  48. ↑ Sinclair User Magazine Issue 051. June 1986. p. 7. Search this book on
  49. ↑ Sinclair User Magazine Issue 055. October 1986. p. 25. Search this book on
  50. ↑ "MATTEL U.K. LIMITED overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-02-13.
  51. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly (1986-09-18). 1986-09-18. p. 4. Search this book on
  52. ↑ Popular Computing Weekly (1986-10-23). 1986-10-23. p. 4. Search this book on
  53. ↑ Crash - No. 38 (1987-03)(Newsfield)(GB). March 1987. p. 10. Search this book on
  54. ↑ "History". Toy Fair. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  55. ↑ "Playing games with a Robot, 1987". BBC Archive. Retrieved 2021-06-10.
  56. ↑ Crash - No. 42 (1987-07)(Newsfield)(GB). July 1987. p. 10. Search this book on
  57. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 070. August 1987. pp. 6–7. Search this book on
  58. ↑ Crash Magazine Issue 43. August 1987. pp. 26–27. Search this book on
  59. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 01. p. 28. Search this book on
  60. ↑ ACE - Issue 01 (1987-10)(Future Publishing)(GB). October 1987. p. 21. Mattel have dropped the price of the Nintendo unit to equal the Sega system Search this book on
  61. ↑ Argos Autumn/Winter 1991/92 catalogue. 1991. p. 338. Search this book on
  62. ↑ 62.00 62.01 62.02 62.03 62.04 62.05 62.06 62.07 62.08 62.09 62.10 62.11 62.12 Hayes, Michael; Dinsey, Stuart (1995). Games War: Video Games - A Business Review. 8 Abbotstone Road, London SW15 1QR: Bowerdean Publishing Company Limited. ISBN 0-906097-34-7. Search this book on
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 The Games Machine Issue 11. October 1988. p. 28. Search this book on
  64. ↑ "Playing games with a Robot, 1987". BBC Archive. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
  65. ↑ Video Game: Past, Present and Future. An Industry Overview. Search this book on
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  67. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 082. August 1988. p. 111. Search this book on
  68. ↑ Argos Autumn/Winter 1987/88 catalogue. 1987. p. 501. Search this book on
  69. ↑ Argos Spring/Summer 1990 catalogue. 1990. p. 297. Search this book on
  70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 CVG Magazine Issue 074. December 1987. p. 175. Both Sega and Nintendo third party UK and European Licenses come up for grabs in 1988. Search this book on
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  72. ↑ "Nintendo vs. Sega with Bruce Lowry". Mediajuice Studios. 2019-07-01. 54 min. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
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  74. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 085. November 1988. p. 132. Search this book on
  75. ↑ David Sheff, Andy Eddy (1999-04-01). Game Over, Press Start to Continue: How Nintendo Conquered the World 0966961706. p. 215. Licensees could only make up to five Nintendo games a year Search this book on
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 76.3 76.4 Konami Software Club Issue 13. 1989. pp. 19–20. Search this book on
  77. ↑ "What great creativity needs". nesta. Retrieved 2021-05-21.
  78. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 081. July 1988. p. 111. Search this book on
  79. ↑ Konami Software Club 11. June 1988. p. 3. Search this book on
  80. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 11. October 1988. pp. 27–28. Search this book on
  81. ↑ "Computer Business Review - NINTENDO HAS DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT WITH SERIF COWELLS". Tech Monitor. 1989-06-12. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
  82. ↑ "BANDAI UK LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-26.
  83. ↑ Mean Machines Issue 01. p. 7. Search this book on
  84. ↑ Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles, NES (Palcom/Nintendo, 1990) UK TV ad, retrieved 2021-05-23
  85. ↑ "What great creativity needs". nesta. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
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  87. ↑ 87.00 87.01 87.02 87.03 87.04 87.05 87.06 87.07 87.08 87.09 87.10 87.11 87.12 87.13 87.14 87.15 87.16 87.17 87.18 87.19 87.20 87.21 87.22 87.23 87.24 87.25 87.26 87.27 87.28 87.29 87.30 87.31 87.32 87.33 87.34 87.35 87.36 87.37 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 1. 1989-04-01. Search this book on
  88. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 16. March 1989. p. 49. Search this book on
  89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 ACE - Issue 20 (1989-05)(Future Publishing)(GB). May 1989. p. 55. Search this book on
  90. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 090. April 1989. p. 104. Search this book on
  91. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 17. April 1989. p. 51. Search this book on
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 92.2 92.3 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 2. 1989-06-01. Search this book on
  93. ↑ 93.0 93.1 93.2 93.3 93.4 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 3. 1989-08-01. Search this book on
  94. ↑ 94.0 94.1 94.2 94.3 94.4 94.5 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 4. 1989-10-01. Search this book on
  95. ↑ 95.00 95.01 95.02 95.03 95.04 95.05 95.06 95.07 95.08 95.09 95.10 95.11 Club Nintendo Volume 1 Issue 5. 1989-12-01. Search this book on
  96. ↑ 96.0 96.1 96.2 96.3 96.4 96.5 96.6 96.7 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 1. 1990-02-01. Search this book on
  97. ↑ 97.0 97.1 97.2 97.3 97.4 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 2. 1990-04-01. Search this book on
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.4 98.5 98.6 98.7 98.8 98.9 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 3. 1990-06-01. Search this book on
  99. ↑ 99.00 99.01 99.02 99.03 99.04 99.05 99.06 99.07 99.08 99.09 99.10 99.11 99.12 99.13 99.14 99.15 99.16 99.17 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 4. 1990-08-01. Search this book on
  100. ↑ 100.00 100.01 100.02 100.03 100.04 100.05 100.06 100.07 100.08 100.09 100.10 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 5. 1990-10-01. Search this book on
  101. ↑ 101.00 101.01 101.02 101.03 101.04 101.05 101.06 101.07 101.08 101.09 101.10 101.11 101.12 101.13 101.14 101.15 101.16 101.17 Club Nintendo Volume 2 Issue 6. 1990-12-01. Search this book on
  102. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 01. October 1990. p. 24. Search this book on
  103. ↑ 103.00 103.01 103.02 103.03 103.04 103.05 103.06 103.07 103.08 103.09 103.10 103.11 103.12 103.13 103.14 103.15 103.16 103.17 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 1. 1991-02-01. Search this book on
  104. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 03. December 1990. p. 37. Search this book on
  105. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 03. December 1990. p. 73. Search this book on
  106. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 04. January 1991. p. 67. Search this book on
  107. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 03. December 1990. p. 44. Search this book on
  108. ↑ 108.00 108.01 108.02 108.03 108.04 108.05 108.06 108.07 108.08 108.09 108.10 108.11 108.12 108.13 108.14 108.15 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 2. 1991-04-01. Search this book on
  109. ↑ 109.00 109.01 109.02 109.03 109.04 109.05 109.06 109.07 109.08 109.09 109.10 109.11 109.12 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 3. 1991-06-01. Search this book on
  110. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 08. May 1991. p. 69. Search this book on
  111. ↑ 111.00 111.01 111.02 111.03 111.04 111.05 111.06 111.07 111.08 111.09 111.10 111.11 111.12 111.13 111.14 111.15 111.16 111.17 111.18 111.19 111.20 111.21 111.22 111.23 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 4. 1991-08-01. Search this book on
  112. ↑ 112.00 112.01 112.02 112.03 112.04 112.05 112.06 112.07 112.08 112.09 112.10 112.11 112.12 112.13 112.14 112.15 112.16 112.17 112.18 112.19 112.20 112.21 112.22 112.23 112.24 112.25 112.26 112.27 112.28 112.29 112.30 112.31 112.32 112.33 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 5. 1991-10-01. Search this book on
  113. ↑ 113.00 113.01 113.02 113.03 113.04 113.05 113.06 113.07 113.08 113.09 113.10 113.11 113.12 113.13 113.14 113.15 113.16 113.17 113.18 113.19 113.20 113.21 113.22 113.23 113.24 113.25 113.26 113.27 113.28 113.29 113.30 113.31 113.32 113.33 113.34 113.35 113.36 Club Nintendo Volume 3 Issue 6. 1991-12-01. Search this book on
  114. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 16. January 1992. p. 88. Search this book on
  115. ↑ 115.00 115.01 115.02 115.03 115.04 115.05 115.06 115.07 115.08 115.09 115.10 115.11 115.12 115.13 115.14 115.15 115.16 115.17 115.18 115.19 115.20 115.21 115.22 115.23 115.24 115.25 115.26 115.27 115.28 115.29 115.30 115.31 115.32 115.33 115.34 115.35 115.36 115.37 115.38 115.39 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 1. 1992-02-01. Search this book on
  116. ↑ 116.00 116.01 116.02 116.03 116.04 116.05 116.06 116.07 116.08 116.09 116.10 116.11 116.12 116.13 116.14 116.15 116.16 116.17 116.18 116.19 116.20 116.21 116.22 116.23 116.24 116.25 116.26 116.27 116.28 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 2. 1992-04-01. Search this book on
  117. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 19. April 1992. p. 58. Search this book on
  118. ↑ 118.00 118.01 118.02 118.03 118.04 118.05 118.06 118.07 118.08 118.09 118.10 118.11 118.12 118.13 118.14 118.15 118.16 118.17 118.18 118.19 118.20 118.21 118.22 118.23 118.24 118.25 118.26 118.27 118.28 118.29 118.30 118.31 118.32 118.33 118.34 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 3. 1992-06-01. Search this book on
  119. ↑ 119.00 119.01 119.02 119.03 119.04 119.05 119.06 119.07 119.08 119.09 119.10 119.11 119.12 119.13 119.14 119.15 119.16 119.17 119.18 119.19 119.20 119.21 119.22 119.23 119.24 119.25 119.26 119.27 119.28 119.29 119.30 119.31 119.32 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 4. 1992-08-01. Search this book on
  120. ↑ 120.00 120.01 120.02 120.03 120.04 120.05 120.06 120.07 120.08 120.09 120.10 120.11 120.12 120.13 120.14 120.15 120.16 120.17 120.18 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 5. 1992-10-01. Search this book on
  121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 121.2 121.3 121.4 121.5 121.6 121.7 Club Nintendo Volume 4 Issue 6. 1992-12-01. Search this book on
  122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 Club Nintendo Volume 5 Issue 1. 1993-02-01. Search this book on
  123. ↑ "Ninterview: Behind The Scenes At Club Nintendo Magazine". Nintendo Life. 2013-07-03. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  124. ↑ "Out-of-Print Archive • Computer And Video Games (UK)". www.outofprintarchive.com. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  125. ↑ "Magazines - Club Nintendo Archives". clubnintendoarchives.neocities.org. Retrieved 2021-05-29.
  126. ↑ CVG Magazine Issue 093. July 1989. p. 97. Search this book on
  127. ↑ The Games Machine Issue 34. pp. 16–17. Search this book on
  128. ↑ "Introducing the 100 most influential people working in the British games industry - 2017". GamesIndustry.biz. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  129. ↑ ACE Issue 37 Oct 90. p. 88. Search this book on
  130. ↑ ACE Issue 38 Nov 90. p. 137. Search this book on
  131. ↑ Mean Machines Magazine Issue 02. November 1990. p. 13. Search this book on
  132. ↑ 132.0 132.1 132.2 Computer & Video Games - Issue 126 (1992-05)(EMAP Publishing)(GB). May 1992. Search this book on


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