Ono Tomogoro
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Ono Tomogoro (December 1, 1817 (October 23, Bunka 14th year) - October 29, 1898 (October 29, Meiji 31st year)). Mathematician, Surveyor, Navy, Engineer.
Life[edit]
Mathematician in Shogunate[edit]
In 1817 (Bunka 14th year), born to Komori Munetsugi, a samurai of Kasama domain, and adopted by Ono Yugoro, same samurai family of Kasama domain. he was bright enough to learn mathematics under Kai Komazo, a mathematician of Kasama domain, and continued learn under Hasegawa Hiroshi at Edo. In 1847 (Koka 4th year). married to Akai Tsuta, daughter of samura of Kazusa domain.
In 1852 (Kaei 5th year). he wrote "Surveying Illustrated (Ryochi Zusetsu)" together with Kai, and soon entered into service at the shogunate observatory, where he learned artillery, engineering and Dutch language under Egawa Hidetatsu. He translated several Dutch navigation books, and submitted it to the shogunate in title "New Navigation (Tokai Shinpen) 4 volumes.
[edit]
In 1855 (August, Ansei 2nd year), he was directed by Abe Masahiro, a chief minister of the shogunate to learn survey and navigation at the newly founded Nagasaki Naval School (Kaigun Densyu-jo). After completed 16 months training, he returned to Edo to become professor at Shogunate Naval Training Centre. Tsukiji.
In 1860, (Manei 1st year), the Shogunate dispatched a delegation to the United States to exchange agreement of Treaty of Friendship and Trade. Ono commanded the Kanrin-maru together with Katsu Kaisyu, commander-general to escort the delegation to the United States.
Survey of Isle of Ogasawara and Building of Warship[edit]
Returned to Edo, he proposed the shogunate navy to build steamship. In 1861 (Manei 2nd year, Bunkyu 1st year), Ono started building of small steamship as chief engineer.
In 1861, (July Kunkyu 1st year). he was promoted as general manager of shogunate warship, and made survey of Edo Bay. By John Manjiro's proposal of acquisition of Isle of Ogasawara to the shogunate, Ono was dispatched to the area to make survey with the Kanrin-maru.
In 1862 (Bunkyu 2nd year), Ono completed building of first steamship called Chiyoda-gata.
Promotion and Dispatch to the united States[edit]
In 1864 (June Ganji 1st year), Ono was promoted as the shogunate auditor (Kanjyo Ginmi-yaku), and arranged foundation of a stealworks at Yokosuka. Proposed strengthening of naval force to the shogunate, Ono was dispatched to the United States to purchase warship, guns, canons, etc.
Twilight of the Shogunate[edit]
In 1867 (June, Keio 3rd year), returned to Edo, Ono was promoted as minister of Treasury (Kanjyo Bugyo), Ono supported Tokugawa Yoshinobu, last Shogun, who would give up sovereignty.
In 1868 (January Keio 4th year), Ono lost his position as the shogunate fell down. Enomoto Takeaki and his group resisted the newly founded imperial government, and tried to escape to Ezo (Hokkaido) with several warships.
In Meiji Government[edit]
After some apology, he was invited by ministry of civil affairs, and engaged in railway construction, and continued his mission at ministry of public works after1871. He never touched the military affairs in the Meiji government.
In 1876, when Okubo Toshimichi decided to give up nationwide geodetic survey and meteorological observation, Ono wrote a proposal of foundation of substantial observatory to Okubo. in 1877, he retired government service, and endeavored to found salt manufacturing at Chiba. He passed away at age of 82.
Biography and Reference[edit]
- Fujii Tetsuhiro, "Life of Ono Tomogoro, Commander of Kanrin-maru, "1985, ISBN 4-12-100782-4
- Ogawa Kyoichi, edited, "Encyclopedia of the Shogunate Officers afater Kansei Priod," 1997–1998.
Non-fiction Story[edit]
- Narumi Kaze, "Ono Tomogoro, a Mathematician of End of Edo period (Doto Uzumaku mo), 2003.
- Volume I ISBN 4-404-03128-9, Volume II ISBN 4-404-03129-7
Appendix[edit]
- Fukuzawa Yukichi
- Koeda Hamagoro
- Tokaido-honsen
- Map Makers
References[edit]
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