Overtraining of AFL athletes
Overtraining of AFL Athletes
Overtraining is caused by too much high-intensity training and/or too little regenerative time, often combined with other training and non-training stressors. At present, there is not a single diagnostic test that can be done to define overtraining. It is no secret among athletes that in order to improve, it requires hard work. However, training hard for long periods of time without significant rest causes a breakdown among the individual. Australian Rules Football is arguably the most taxing on an athlete as any other sport in the world. Elite AFL athletes have a unique physical makeup, being strong, fast, agile, and aerobically well developed.[1] The AFL has tight controls over the player lists of each club. Currently, apart from the recently added expansion clubs who have some additional players, each team can have a senior list of 38 to 40 players plus 4 to 7 rookie players, to a total of 44-47 players. Each team receives four match points per win and two points for a tie. After 23 rounds, the total number of points for a team determines where they finish on the ladder. After the regular season has commenced, the top eight sides compete in a finals series.[2] The higher up you finish, the increased chance there is to make it into the AFL Grand Final. An AFL pre-season typically begins in November and carries through until the end of the preseason matches, which totals up to be a four-month period. In this period of time, AFL athletes endure significant environmental challenges that can affect their performance and general wellbeing.
Causes of Overtraining
There are multiple factors that can cause overtraining. Sports conditioning and fitness training is stress, not mental stress, but adaptive body stress. If training loads for an AFL athlete are appropriate, then the athlete’s performance will rise, but if the stress loads are above an acceptable level, a state of overtraining could present itself. These factors that contribute to overtraining include too rapid an increase of loading after forced breaks (illness, injury), excess of competition with maximum demands, and inappropriate increases in training hours. The most common causes of overtraining include quick increases in frequency, intensity, or duration of training sessions, or a combination without the necessary recovery.[3]
| Process | Training | Increased Training Loads | Intensified Training Loads |
|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome | Acute Fatigue | Functional Overreaction | Non-Functional Overreaction |
| Recovery | Day(s) | Days - Weeks | Weeks - Months |
| Performance | Increase | Temporary Performance Decrement | Stagnation Decrease |
Psychological Symptoms
Mental health has an incredible amount of importance in the sporting landscape, with an increase of athletes coming out and admitting that they have a problem. Not only are the psychological symptoms a short-term burden, they place an extreme long-term risk on the mental health of an AFL footballer. AFL Players Association General Manager of Player Development, Brett Johnson, spoke on 3AW Adelaide about mental health in AFL football. He stated that mental health is the number one health issue for 15- to 25-year-olds and AFL footballers aren’t immune to that. The psychological toll from the stress of training and games is enormous, and Johnson believes there are probably a lot of people who have different degrees of mental issues.[4] Simon Hogan, an ex Geelong Cats footballer, retired after only 22 games due to depression,[5] while current Geelong player Mitch Clark took time away from the game while he was at the Melbourne Demons for similar reasons.[6] Although those are extreme cases, the following includes common psychological symptoms that can be obtained from overtraining.
- Increased irritability
- Obstinacy
- Tendency for hysteria
- Defiance
- Avoidance of contact with coach and colleagues
- Over sensitivity to criticism
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Moodiness
Physical Symptoms
A healthy body gives an athlete the greatest chance to achieve personal success. An AFL footballer heavily relies on their body, as they only get a maximum break of 10 weeks per year. Even then, each athlete has an off-season/Christmas break program that includes running and weights, so generally they would have no fitness requirements for approximately 2–3 weeks of the year. Some examples of physical symptoms are included below. When an AFL athlete resumes training, modifications to the athlete's workout may help prevent future recurrences of overtraining. The athlete's training should only include stresses similar to the metabolic pathways and motor skills needed for football. All cross training should be secondary during off-season training and may even be eliminated during seasonal training.[7] Jobe Watson, an accomplished midfielder for the Essendon Bombers, pleaded about the reasoning behind shortening the pre-season for an AFL player. He said that long pre-seasons are putting a huge mental and physical toll on the players.[8] Some physical tolls of overtraining include the following.
- Chronic soreness
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Stomach/Intestinal upsets
- Sickness
- Infection [9]
Solutions
The AFL have been on the front foot in dealing with the high demands that an athlete has at their respective club. The off-season and Christmas breaks have been restructured to benefit both players and coaches. Strict guidelines have been put in place so that all 18 clubs must abide by. An extra week has been added to the off-season break, while the Christmas break has been extended by a few days depending on when each club wants their players back. This has been implemented to avoid the physical and mental burnout of both players and coaches. The AFLPA received strong feedback from the players in regard to their respective breaks, and fought hard to have an agreement with the AFL for an increase of holidays. Also, they are strongly pushing for two byes for each team in 2016.[10]
- Increasing the off-season & Christmas break period
- AFLPA pushing for an extra bye for each team
- 1 extra day off per week in the off season
- Monitoring of training/game loads with GPS
- Two study blocks during the season per week for study
References
- ↑ "Australian Rules Football". AIS.
- ↑ "About The AFL". AFLHQ.
- ↑ Carfagno, D. G.; Hendrix Jc, 3rd (2014). "Overtraining syndrome in the athlete: Current clinical practice". Current Sports Medicine Reports. 13 (1): 45–51. doi:10.1249/JSR.0000000000000027. PMID 24412891. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ "AFL impacting mental health". AFLPA.
- ↑ McNicol, Adam. "Cats struggle with a black dog".
- ↑ Carey, Alexis (29 June 2015). "BRAVE: Thank you for talking about depression, Mitch Clark".
- ↑ "Overtraining". EXRX.
- ↑ Pierik, John (July 3, 2012). "Watson tells AFL to cut pre season".
- ↑ Petibois, Cyril (2003). Biochemical Aspects of Overtraining in Endurance Sports: The Metabolism Alteration Process Syndrome. pp. 83, 12. Search this book on
- ↑ Phelan, Jennifer. "AFLPA demands two byes return in 2016".
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