Pahlavan (Iranian title)
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Pahlavan (Persian: پهلوان) is a Persian title of honour used in West Asia to refer to an athlete whom apart his championship in athletics; mainly wrestling, is known for Good Thoughts, Good Words and Good Deeds and has been titled by a Shah of Persia .
Pahlavan is a combination of "Pahlav" + "an" and it is attributed to Pahlav of the land of Parth **[1] whose people were known for their ability and courage. His tradition, which was a mixture of bravery and chivalry, became known to the Iranians as a heroic tradition and greatly influenced the life and epics of the Iranians.
Some of the people who were titled as "Pahlavan" include:
- Garshasp
- Rostam ("Jahan Pahlavan")
- Kay Khosrow ("Shah Pahlavan")
- Esfandiyār
- Fileh Hamedani
- Pourya-ye Vali
- Musa Khamis
- Ebrahim Hallaj Yazdi
- Akbar Khorasani
- Hamzeh Pahlavanpour The first Pahlavan of the Pahlavi period and the owner of Pahlavanpour Zoorkhaneh[2]
- Pahlavan Seyyed Ali (1906–1973)
- Gholamreza Takhti (1930–1968)
- Yaghoub Ali Shourvarzi (1924–1999)
- Khalil Oghab
- Hassan Yazdani
Titles of Pahlavans[edit]
The titles of the Pahlavans were as follows:
- Pahlavan-e Aval-e Keshvar
This Pahlavan had to defeat all the Pahlavans of the country and take the last ship in the presence of the king.
- Pahlavan-e Saheb-e Taj
A person who, apart from being a Pahlavan, a master, and a physical force, is known for his good name, and in addition to being a poor person, was honored to use the crown of poverty while performing a ceremony at the hands of his elders and mentors.
- Bad Oft
Wrestlers who showed stubbornness in the opponent's hands were Bad Oft.
- Badalkar
One of the techniques of wrestling is stunting, that is, any technique used by the opponent to change him and bother the opponent.
- Pahlavan-e Zoorgar
The bullies were usually one of the strongest ancient athletes who, because their bodies were fully trained and accessible with heavy sports equipment, performed coercion in the presence of first-class men and rulers and readers or in public places and earned their living through it.
- Pahlavan-e Keneftkon
Someone was said to have no status on the ship, but when confronted and tested with the Pahlavans, he showed a stubborn name and resisted with trickery and cleverness, and sometimes with improper movements, he would tarnish the opponent's status.
- Pahlavan Panbeh
This athlete was a big-bodied and strong-bodied but artless and cowardly who had not gone to the field and wrestled and did not show courage and bravery, but he strongly claimed to be a Pahlavan and in the world of words and gossip, you rub the backs of famous opponents.[3]
Iranian Pahlavani armband[edit]
Before the Muslim conquest the title of pahlavan and the armband was only granted to the candidates by the Shah of Persia. After the fall of Sasanian Empire the practice was slowly faded out. But never forgotten, the most recent time that a title of pahlavan beside an armband was granted by a Shah of Persia to a popular athlete was in 1957, the title was granted to Gholamreza Takhti For his championship in national wrestling competition inside the country. Nowadays the pahlavan title and armband is only gained by championship in pahlavani wrestling. But the word pahlavan for people is known as a person who beside his athletic championship is highly respected for his chivalrous manner, honesty and righteous. Iranian wrestling competitions to recognize the Iranian wrestler are sports competitions that are held every year in Iran and in which athletes from all over Iran participate to get the armband. Although these competitions have ancient roots, the new framework has been held since 1944.[4] The winner of these competitions was called Pahlavan and he became the holder of Pahlavani armband.[5] The Pahlavans with the Pahlavani armband of Iran, in addition to their Pahlavani status, also had a special place among the masses.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ The land of Parthia was called "Parthwa" in Old Persian and later became "Pahlav".
- ↑ "قد کشیدن در گود مقدس". ایران آنلاین (in فارسی). Retrieved 2019-02-02.
- ↑ پهلوان
- ↑ Pouya Abbasi (26 November 2009). "پهلوانی؛ از معابر زرتشتیان تا تختی" (PDF). تماشاگر، مؤسسه همشهری. pp. 74–75. Retrieved 22 May 2014.[dead link]
- ↑ Sarrafi, Khashayar. "Modern Pahlevan: Jahan Pahlevan Takhti" (PDF). Shanghai University, Shanghai University Sports Research Center, College of Physical Education. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2012. Unknown parameter
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