Palestinian Israelitism
Palestinian Israelism (Arabic: بني إسرائيل فلسطينيين), also knows as Native Israelis is a Palestinian nationalist movement which holds the view that the people of Palestine are genetically, racially, and linguistically the direct descendants of Jews and Samaritans as a consequence Palestinians are not of Arab descent. The majority of the Palestinian people's ancestors chose to convert to Christianity or Islam, but a minority maintained their prior religious beliefs while still living on the land.[1][2]
The movement views Bedouins of Palestine commonly located in the Negev as not being of Jewish or Samaritan descent, but are of Arab descent. The Native Israelis view themselves as having a separate language and culture from the Arabian Peninsula, however being similar to that of neighboring Levantine countries.
Other theories of Palestinian origins are that of Canaanite origins[3], however the Native Israelis reject the notion that Palestinians are Canaanite, but are a separate and distinct people.
Genetic Tests[edit]
One DNA study by Nebel found substantial genetic overlap among Israeli and Palestinian Arabs and Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. A small but statistically significant difference was found in the Y-chromosomal haplogroup distributions of Sephardic Jews and Palestinians, but no significant differences were found between Ashkenazi Jews and Palestinians nor between the two Jewish communities, However, a highly distinct cluster was found in Palestinian haplotypes. 32% of the 143 Arab Y-chromosomes studied belonged to this "I&P Arab clade", which contained only one non-Arab chromosome, that of a Sephardic Jew. This could possibly be attributed to the geographical isolation of the Jews or to the immigration of Arab tribes in the first millennium.[4] Nebel proposed that "part, or perhaps the majority" of Muslim Palestinians descend from "local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD".[2]
Language[edit]
Arabic[edit]
See also: Palestinian Arabic, Varieties of Arabic, Dialect § Dialect or language, Mutual intelligibility, and Lect
The Arabic language is considered to exist in multiple forms: formal Arabic, commonly known as Modern Standard Arabic (a modern incarnation of Quranic or Classical Arabic), which is used in written documents and formal contexts; and dialectal variants which usually differ enough to be mutually unintelligible from country to country, numbering some thirty vernacular speech forms, used in day to day speech and informal spoken media, and is typically unwritten.
The one spoken in Palestine is called "Palestinian Arabic" or simply "Palestinian", and it is a type of Levantine Arabic, which, together with Mesopotamian Arabic, is classed by matter of convenience as a type of Northern Arabic. The point of controversy between Native Israelis and their opponents lies in whether the differences between the Arabic varieties are sufficient to consider them separate languages. The former cite Prof. Wheeler Thackston of Harvard: "the languages the 'Arabs' grow up speaking at home, are as different from each other and from Arabic itself, as Latin is different from English."[5]
There is a lack of consensus on the distinction between lingual taxa, such as languages and dialects. A neutral term in linguistics is "language variety" (a.k.a. "lect"), which can be anything from a language or a family of languages to a dialect or a continuum of dialects, and beyond. The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different languages. By this criterion, the variety commonly known as the Arabic language is indeed considered by linguists to be not a single language but a family of several languages, each with its own dialects. For political reasons, it is common in the Arabic-speaking world (a.k.a. the Arab world) for speakers of different Arabic varieties to assert that they all speak a single language, despite significant issues of mutual incomprehensibility among differing spoken versions.
Hebrew[edit]
See also: Palestinian Arabic, Hebrew
The Hebrew language is historically regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors. The earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language.
Native Israelis believe that all Palestinians should adopt the language of their ancestors and begin speaking Hebrew since the language they currently speak being Arabic was only adopted after being conquered, but their original language being Hebrew is revived. Before Arabic Palestinians were speaking Aramaic which was adopted because they were conquered[6], but Hebrew was the original language Palestinians spoke before any nation had ever conquered them. The movement believes before this is to happen Modern Palestinian Arabic should be preserved as a way of preserving the history of Palestinians and keeping record of the language change from conqueror to conqueror.
Religion[edit]
Followers of any religion can be Native Israelis. However, because the movement relies on some religious doctrine it is more common to be followed by followers of Islam, Christianity, & Samaritanism rather than irreligious Palestinians.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ↑ "Native Israelis – We believe that Palestinians are descendants of Banu Israel / Israelites". nativeisraelis.com. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (December 2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–641. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. PMID 11153918.
According to historical records part, or perhaps the majority, of the Muslim Arabs in this country descended from local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD (Shaban 1971; Mc Graw Donner 1981). These local inhabitants, in turn, were descendants of the core population that had lived in the area for several centuries, some even since prehistorical times (Gil 1992)... Thus, our findings are in good agreement with the historical record...
- ↑ "Abbas Rips Into Trump: Palestinians Are Original Canaanites, Were in Jerusalem Before the Jews". Haaretz. 2018. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
- ↑ Nebel, Almut; Filon, Dvora; Weiss, Deborah A.; Weale, Michael; Faerman, Marina; Oppenheim, Ariella; Thomas, Mark G. (December 2000). "High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews" (PDF). Human Genetics. 107 (6): 630–641. doi:10.1007/s004390000426. PMID 11153918. By the fifth century AD, the majority of non-Jews and Jews had become Christians by conversion (Bachi 1974). The first millennium AD was marked by the immigration of Arab tribes, reaching its climax with the Moslem conquest from the Arabian Peninsula (633–640 AD). This was followed by a slow process of Islamization of the local population, both of Christians and Jews (Shaban 1971; Mc Graw Donner 1981). Additional minor demographic changes might have been caused by subsequent invasions of the Seljuks, Crusaders, Mongols, Mamelukes and Ottoman Turks. Recent gene-flow from various geographic origins is reflected, for example, in the heterogeneous spectrum of globin mutations among Israeli Arabs (Filon et al. 1994). Israeli and Palestinian Arabs share a similar linguistic and geographic background with Jews. (p.631) According to historical records part, or perhaps the majority, of the Moslem Arabs in this country descended from local inhabitants, mainly Christians and Jews, who had converted after the Islamic conquest in the seventh century AD (Shaban 1971; Mc Graw Donner 1981). These local inhabitants, in turn, were descendants of the core population that had lived in the area for several centuries, some even since prehistorical times (Gil 1992). On the other hand, the ancestors of the great majority of present-day Jews lived outside this region for almost two millennia. Thus, our findings are in good agreement with historical evidence and suggest genetic continuity in both populations despite their long separation and the wide geographic dispersal of Jews.(p.637)
- ↑ "Does Anyone Speak Arabic?". Middle East Forum. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
- ↑ "The Legacy of the Aramaeans and the Aramaization of the Middle East | The Palestine Exploration Fund". www.pef.org.uk. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
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