Pandunia
| Pandunia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Created by | Risto Kupsala |
| Setting and usage | International auxiliary language |
| Purpose | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Pandunia is an international auxiliary language started by Risto Kupsala.[1][2][3][4]
The creator first started to plan the project in 2005. Right from the start, the idea was to create an international language that represented equally the most spoken languages in the world. The name Pandunia appeared in 2007, but the language didn't receive its current shape until 2017. Since the end of 2016, it is constantly revised through Telegram by a small community made up of mainly Esperantists.[5] On March 2017, the language became entirely analytic. [6] The syntactic role of the words within the sentence is decided by its position.
Ph.D. Kauko Kämäräinen describes Pandunia "radically different compared to other auxiliary languages" and "revolutionary in its originality". [7].
The main goals of Pandunia are:
- Having vocabulary that represents several languages, such as English, Arabic, Chinese, Spanish, French, Hindi, Japanese, Persian, Russian, Swahili and other languages.
- Relatively simple phonology.
- Easy to write.
- Easy to learn and a concise grammar.
Phonology[edit]
Pandunia alphabet is made up of 25 letters of the Latin alphabet. Every letter makes always the same sound. No letters are silent.[8]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ i |
/u/ u |
| Mid | /e/ e |
/o/ o |
| Open | /a/ a | |
| Bilabial | Dental | Labio-dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Velar | Labio-velars | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosives | /p/ p |
/t/ t |
/k/ k |
|||||
| /b/ b |
/d/ d |
/ɡ/ g |
||||||
| Fricatives | /f/ f |
/s/ s |
/ʃ/ /tʃ/ sh ch |
/h/ h | ||||
| /v/ v |
/z/ z |
/dʒ/ j |
||||||
| Nasals | /m/ m |
/n/ n |
/ŋ/
|
|||||
| Approximants | /w/
|
/l/ l |
/j/ y |
Grammar[edit]
Syntax[edit]
Pandunia basic word order is subject-verb-object. Words like adjectives and adverbs are located immediately before the word they modify.
Words[edit]
The words are derived from several languages from the world.[9] Due to the international state of the language, several roots belong to different language even if the Pandunia form is more similar to that of a particular language.
Examples[edit]
- metal (metal) is similar to Spanish metal, English metal, German Metall, Russian металл (metall), etc.
- chai (tea) is similar to Mandarin 茶 (chá), Korean 차 (cha), Russian чай (chaj), Hindi चाय (cāy), Swahili chai, Portuguese chà,etc.
- rang (color) is similar to Persian رنگ (rang), Hindi रंग (rāng), Turkish renk, Swahili rangi, Lingala langi, etc.
- safar (travel) is similar to Arabic and Persian سفر (safar), Turkish sefer, Swahili safari, English safari, etc.
- san (mountain) is similar to Mandarin 山 (shān), Japanese 山 (san), Korean 산 (san), etc.
References[edit]
- ↑ "Pandunia, another constructed language". p. steemit.com. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "Kial mi amas la pandunia?" (in Esperanto). p. steemit.com. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "My travel through conlangs". 5 September 2016. p. novbasa.wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "Kial pandunia povas iĝi la nova facila planlingvo kun aktiva komunumo" (in Esperanto). 25 July 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- ↑ "pandunia".
- ↑ "Corrections and Esperanto update for isolating Pandunia".
- ↑ Kämäräinen, Kauko (2017). Keksittyjä kieliä, unohtuneita utopioita, p. 226. Kääntöpuoli, Tampere. ISBN 978-952-68295-1-7 Search this book on
..
- ↑ "Spelling of Pandunia".
- ↑ "loge asle".
External links[edit]
This article "Pandunia" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical and/or the page Edithistory:Pandunia. Articles copied from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be seen on the Draft Namespace of Wikipedia and not main one.
