Participants of World War I






The two main groups of the participants of World War I were the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. This article contains lists of participants of World War I (in alphabetical order) until the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres (1920).
Allies and Associated Powers/The Entente
The Allies were an alliance of nations that fought against the Central Powers. They were (in order of joining): Serbia, the Russian Empire (later the Russian Republic), France, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Portugal, Romania, the United States, Greece, and many others.
List
- Colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
| Party | Active in | Strength | Deaths | Explanation | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| since 4 August 1914 | 620,000 | 67,000 killed 173,000 wounded |
[1][2] | ||
| since 18 July 1918 | 4,792 | Unknown | [3] |
Centro-Caspian Dictatorship
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly
Commonwealth of Australia
Czechoslovak Republic
Dominion of New Zealand
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Empire of Japan (since 23 August 1914)[4]
Interim Southern Islands
Japanese concession in Chongqing
Japanese concession in Hangzhou
Japanese concession in Hankou
Japanese concession in Shashi
Japanese concession in Suzhou
Japanese concession in Tianjin
Japanese Korea
Japanese occupied Chinese Eastern Railway
Japanese occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory- Japanese occupied Republic of China
- Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Japanese Taiwan
Kwantung Leased Territory
South Manchuria Railway Zone
French Republic
Autonomous Albanian Republic of Korçë- British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate (since 26 August 1914)[5]
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
Colony of New Caledonia
Crozet Islands
French Algeria
Equatorial Africa
French concession in Hankou
French concession in Shamian
French concession in Tianjin
French Guiana
French establishments in India- French occupied Republic of Alsace-Lorraine
- French occupied German Cameroon
- French occupied German Realm
- French occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria
- French occupied Principality of Albania
- French occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic

French protectorate in Morocco
Tunisian Realm
French Somaliland
French West Africa
Guadeloupe
Île Amsterdam
Île Saint-Paul
Îles des Saintes
Indochinese Union
Kerguelen Islands
Kunming–Hekou railway
La Désirade
Marie-Galante
Martinique
Mayotte
New Hebrides Condominium
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Réunion
Saint Barthélemy
Saint Martin
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Settlements in Oceania
Shanghai French Concession
General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
Khedivate of Egypt
Kingdom of Belgium (since 4 August 1914)[6]
Belgian concession in Tianjin- File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg Belgian Congo (since 15 August 1914)[7]
Belgian occupied East African Territories (since 6 May 1916)[8]- File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet (since 4 August 1914)[9][lower-alpha 1]
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Italy
- Albanian Republic
Italian concession of Tientsin
Italian Eritrea
Italian North Africa
Italian occupied Islands of the Aegean- Italian occupied Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
- Italian occupied Principality of Albania
- Italian occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
- Italian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Italian Somaliland- File:Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Majeerteen Sultanate
- File:Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Sultanate of Hobyo
- File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918).svg Kingdom of Montenegro
- File:Flag of Nepal (19th century-1962).svg Kingdom of Nepal
Kingdom of Romania
- File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Kingdom of Serbia
- National Committee for Silesia
- National Council of the Duchy of Cieszyn
- File:Flag of the Dominion of Newfoundland.svg Newfoundland
- Polish Liquidation Committee
Portuguese Republic (since 9 March 1916)[12]
- File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg Principality of Albania
- File:Flag of Andorra(1934).svg Principality of Andorra
- File:Verhovny Pravitel flag.png Provisional All-Russian Government
- File:Bandera de Bakio.svg Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia
- Provisional Government of National Defence
- Provisional Government of Siberia
- Provisional Government of Vladivostok
- Provisional Government of the Amur Region
Provisional Government of the Northern Region
Provisional Military Dictatorship of Mughan- File:Bandera de Bakio.svg Provisional Siberian Government
- File:Bandera de Bakio.svg Provisional Siberian Government
Republic of Armenia- File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg Republic of China
- File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg Republic of China
- File:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg Republic of Costa Rica
Republic of Cuba
Republic of Guatemala- File:Flag of Haiti (1820–1849, 1859–1964).svg Republic of Haiti
Republic of Honduras
Republic of Liberia- File:Flag of Nicaragua (1908-1971).svg Republic of Nicaragua
Republic of Panama
Republic of Zakopane- Provisional Government of the Transbaikal Region
Republic of the United States of Brazil- File:State Flag of Thailand (1916).svgFile:Flag of Siam (1916).svgFile:Flag of Thailand (2011–2017).svg Rattanakosin Kingdom
Russian Empire
- File:Eestimaa värvid.svg Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- File:Flag of CER (1897).svgError creating thumbnail: Chinese Eastern Railway
- General Government of Galicia and Bukovina
Grand Principality of Finland
Russian concession in Hankou
Russian concession in Tianjin- Russian occupied German Realm
- Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Russian occupied The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
Special Transcaucasian Committee
Russian Republic
- File:Eestimaa värvid.svg Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Error creating thumbnail: Chinese Eastern Railway
Grand Principality of Finland
Russian concession in Hankou
Russian concession in Tianjin- Russian occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian occupied Sublime State of Persia
Special Transcaucasian Committee
- File:Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
- Supreme Administration of the Northern Region
- File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz
- Trans Caspian Provisional Government
- File:Red Ensign of South Africa (1912–1951).svg Union of South Africa
Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Transcaucasian occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ufa Directory
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Aden Protectorate
- Alawi Sheikhdom
- Aqrabi Sheikhdom
- Bu`si Sheikhdom
- File:Flag of Beihan.svg Emirate of Beihan
- File:Flag of Dhala.svg Emirate of Dhala
- Dathina Sheikhdom
- Dhubi Sheikhdom
- File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg Fadhli Sultanate
- Hadrami Sheikhdom
- Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
- File:Kathiri flag.svg Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut
- Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
- File:Flag of the Mahra Sultanate.svg Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat
- Mawsata State
- Muflahi Sheikhdom
- File:Flag of the Qu'aiti Sultanate from 1939 until 1967.svg Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
- Sheikhdom of Shaib
- File:Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg State of Upper Yafa
- Subeihi Sultanate
- File:Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg Sultanate of Lahej
- File:Flag of Lower Yafa.svg Sultanate of Lower Yafa
- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
- File:Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
- Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
- File:Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
- File:Flag of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.svg Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Ascension Island- File:Old Flag of Guernsey.svg Bailiwick of Guernsey
- File:Flag of Jersey (pre 1981).svg Bailiwick of Jersey
Baker Island
Basutoland
Bechuanaland Protectorate- File:Flag of Bermuda (1910–1999).svg Bermuda
- British and French occupied Togoland Protectorate
- British concession in Amoy
- British concession in Hankou
- British concession in Jiujiang
- British concession in Shamian
- British concession in Tianjin
- British concession in Zhenjiang
- File:Flag of Cyprus (1881-1922).svg British Cyprus
- File:Flag of British Guiana (1906–1919).svg British Guiana
- File:Flag of British Honduras (1870–1919).svg British Honduras
- File:Flag of Mauritius (1906–1923).svg British Mauritius
- British occupied German Cameroon
- File:Flag of Tanganyika (1923–1961).svg British occupied German East Africa
- British occupied German New Guinea
- Error creating thumbnail: British occupied Khedivate of Egypt
- British occupied Kingdom of Bulgaria
- British occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- British occupied Russian Soviet Republic
- British occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- British occupied Sublime State of Persia
- File:Flag of the Uganda Protectorate.svg British Protectorate of Uganda
British Togoland- File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1889–1958).svg Trinidad and Tobago
- File:Flag of British Somaliland (1903–1950).svg British Somaliland Protectorate
British Western Pacific Territories
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Indian Empire
Aden Protectorate
- Alawi Sheikhdom
- Aqrabi Sheikhdom
- Bu`si Sheikhdom
- File:Flag of Beihan.svg Emirate of Beihan
- File:Flag of Dhala.svg Emirate of Dhala
- Dathina Sheikhdom
- Dhubi Sheikhdom
- File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg Fadhli Sultanate
- Hadrami Sheikhdom
- Hawshabi Sultanate of Musaymir
- File:Kathiri flag.svg Kathiri State of Seiyun in Hadhramaut
- Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
- File:Flag of the Mahra Sultanate.svg Mahra Sultanate of Qishn and Socotrat
- Mawsata State
- Muflahi Sheikhdom
- File:Flag of the Qu'aiti Sultanate from 1939 until 1967.svg Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut
- Sheikhdom of Shaib
- File:Flag of the State of Upper Yafa.svg State of Upper Yafa
- Subeihi Sultanate
- File:Flag of the Sultanate of Lahej.svg Sultanate of Lahej
- File:Flag of Lower Yafa.svg Sultanate of Lower Yafa
- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
- File:Flag of Wahidi Balhaf.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
- Wahidi Sultanate of Bir Ali
- File:Flag of Wahidi Haban.svg Wahidi Sultanate of Habban
- File:Flag of Bahrain (1820-1932).png State of Bahrain
- File:Flag of Kuwait (1909-1915).svgFile:Flag of Kuwait (1915–1956).svg Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman- File:General Maritime Truce Flag.svg The Trucial States of the Coast of Oman
- File:Flag of Qatar (1916-1936).svg State of Qatar
Kingdom of Tonga- Error creating thumbnail: New Hebrides Condominium
Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands- Union Islands
- File:Flag of Brunei 1906-1959.svg State of Brunei
Ceylon- File:Flag of Nigeria (1914–1952).svg Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
- File:Flag of Sierra Leone 1916-1961.gif Colony and Protectorate of Sierra Leone
- Colony of Barbados
- File:Flag of Jamaica (1906–1957).svg Colony of Jamaica
- File:Flag of the Bahamas (1904–1923).svg Colony of the Bahamas
- File:Flag of the Gold Coast (1877–1957).svg Colony of the Gold Coast
- File:Flag of BSAC edit.svg Company rule in Rhodesia
- File:Flag of Malta (1898-1923).svg Crown Colony of the Island of Malta and its Dependencies
East Africa Protectorate- File:Flag of the Falkland Islands (1876–1925).svg Falkland Islands
- File:Flag of Leeward Islands 1871-1956.gif Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands
- File:Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1953).svg Federal Colony of the Windward Islands
- File:Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895 - 1946).svg Federated Malay States
- File:Flag of The Gambia (1889–1965).svg Gambia Colony and Protectorate
- File:Government Ensign of Gibraltar (1875–1921).svg Gibraltar
- File:Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895 - 1946).svg Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- File:Flag of Hong Kong (1876–1941 and 1945–1955).svg Hong Kong
Isle of Man
Jarvis Island- File:Flag of the Kingdom of Sarawak (1870).svg Kingdom of Sarawak
- File:Flag of British Central Africa Protectorate.svgFile:Flag of Nyasaland (1914–1919).svg Nyasaland Protectorate
- Error creating thumbnail: Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Phoenix Islands- File:Flag of Saint Helena (1874-1984).svg Saint Helena
- File:Flag of Seychelles 1903-1961.gif Seychelles
- File:Flag of Kuwait (1909-1915).svgFile:Flag of Kuwait (1915–1956).svg Sheikhdom of Kuwait
- File:Flag of North Borneo (1902–1946).svg State of North Borneo
- File:Flag of the British Straits Settlements (1904–1925).svg Straits Settlements
- Error creating thumbnail: Sultanate of Egypt
- File:Flag of the Maldives until 1903.svg Sultanate of the Maldive Islands
- File:Flag of Zanzibar Under British Rule.svg Sultanate of Zanzibar
Swaziland Protectorate- Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Tristan da Cunha- Unfederated Malay States
Victoria Land- File:British Weihaiwei flag.svg Weihaiwei
United States of America
- American occupied Republic of Cuba
- American occupied Republic of Haiti
- American occupied Republic of Nicaragua
- American occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Bajo Nuevo Bank
Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
Howland Island
Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
Johnston Atoll
Kingman Reef
Middlebrook Island
Midway Atoll
Navassa Island
File:Flag of Panama Canal Zone.svg Panama Canal Zone
Puerto Rico
Quita Sueño Bank
Roncador Bank
Serrana Bank
Serranilla Bank
Swan Islands
Territory of Alaska
Territory of American Samoa
Territory of Guam
Territory of Hawaii
United States Virgin Islands
Wake Island
- Ural Provisional Provincial Government
- File:Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg West Ukrainian People's Republic
- Non-state actors
- Anhui clique
- File:Flag of Assyria (1913-1923).svg Assyrians
- Cornelius Wyk's forces
- Czechoslovak Legions
- Fengtian clique
- File:KarelianNationalFlag.svg Karelian Regiment
- Polish Legions
- Pontic Greeks
- Ruwallah
White movement
- Baikal Cossacks
- Error creating thumbnail: Chinese Eastern Railway
- Kamchatka
- Sakhalin
- Tuva
- Volunteer Army
- Yunnan clique
- Zhili clique
State actors
- File:AlashOrdaFlagIn.png Alash Autonomy
- File:Flag of Baidah Sultanate.png Beda Sultanate

Czechoslovak Republic
- Czechoslovak National Council
- File:Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak Legion.svg Czechoslovak Legion[13]
- File:Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak Legion.svg Czechoslovak Legion in Italy
- File:Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak Legion.svg Czechoslovak Legion in France
- File:Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak Legion.svg Czechoslovak Legion in Russia
Czechoslovak-occupied RSFSR
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly
- File:Coat of arms of the Czechoslovak Legion.svg Czechoslovak Legion[13]
- Czechoslovak National Council
- File:Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Empire of Japan[14][13]
- Japanese concession in Tianjin
- Japanese Korea
- Japanese Military
- Japanese-occupied Republic of China
- Japanese occupied German New Guinea
- Japanese-occupied Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- Japanese occupied Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
- Transbaikal (protectorate)
- File:Bandera de Bakio.svg Vladivostok Protectorate (protectorate)
- Japanese Taiwan
- Kwantung Leased Territory
- File:The mark of South Manchuria Railway.svg South Manchuria Railway Company
- File:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg First Costa Rican Republic[14][13]
French Third Republic[14][13]
- French Colonial Empire
- Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
- Colony of Comoros
- Crozet Islands
- Île Saint-Paul
- Isle of Amsterdam
- Kerguelen
- Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
- Terre Adélie
- Colony of New Caledonia
- French Algeria
- French concession of Hankou
- French Concession of Shamian Island, Guangzhou
- French Concession of Shanghai
- Kunming–Hai Phong French Railway
- Equatorial Africa
- French Chad
- French Congo
- Ubangi-Shari
- French concession in Tianjin
- French Guiana
- French India
- Error creating thumbnail: File:Merchant flag of French Morocco.svg French protectorate in Morocco (protectorate)
- French-occupied German Cameroon
French protectorate of Tunisia (protectorate)- French Somaliland
- French West Africa
- Colony of Mauritania
- French Dahomey
- French Guinea
- French Sudan
- French Togoland
- Upper Senegal and Niger
- Upper Volta
- Guadeloupe
- File:Flag of French Indochina.svg Indochinese Union
- File:Flag of Cambodia (1863–1948).svg French Protectorate of Cambodia (protectorate)
- File:Flag of French Laos.svg French Protectorate of Laos (protectorate)
- Guangzhouwan
- Nguyễn dynasty (protectorate)
- File:Kingdom of Sanwi flag.svg Kingdom of Sanwi (protectorate)
- Martinique
- Error creating thumbnail: New Hebrides
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Réunion
- Saint Martin
- Wallis and Futuna
- Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
- French Military
- French-occupied Alsace-Lorraine
- French-occupied German Empire
- French-occupied Principality of Albania
- French-occupied RSFSR
- French-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- File:Flag of the Klaipėda Region.svg Memel Territory
- French Colonial Empire
- File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909-1930).svg Idrisid Emirate of Asir
Kingdom of Belgium[14][13]
- Belgian Military
- Belgian Colonial Empire
- Belgian concession in Tianjin
- File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg Belgian Congo
- File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet
- File:Hellenic Kingdom Flag 1935.svg Kingdom of the Hellenes[14][13]
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupation of Smyrna
Kingdom of Italy[14][13]
- Italian Military
- Italian Colonial Empire
- Albanian Republic
- Hobyo Sultanate (protectorate)
- Italian concession of Tientsin (Italian concession in Tianjin)
- Italian Cyrenaica
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian Islands of the Aegean
- Italian Somaliland
- Italian Tripolitania
- File:Majeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Majeerteen Sultanate (protectorate)
- Italian-occupied Austro-Hungarian Empire
- Occupation of Constantinople
- File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Kingdom of Montenegro[14][13]
Kingdom of Romania[14][13]
- File:Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Kingdom of Serbia[14][13]
Oriental Republic of Uruguay[13]
Portugese Republic[14][13]
- File:Flag of the Kingdom of Kongo according to Giovanni Cavazzi da Montecuccolo.svg Kingdom of Kongo (subject)
- Portugese Empire
- Portuguese Macau
- Portuguese West Africa
- Portuguese Cape Verde
- Portuguese Congo
- Portuguese Guinea
- Portuguese East Africa
- Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe
- Portuguese Timor
- State of India
- Portugese Military
- File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svgFile:Flag of the Principality of Albania (1915).svg Principality of Albania[13]
- File:Flag of Siam (1855).svgFile:State Flag of Thailand (1916).svgFile:Flag of Siam (1916).svg
Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam)[14][13] - File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg Republic of China (First)[14][13]
- File:Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 18 dots.svgFile:Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 19 dots.svgFile:Beiyang star.svg Chinese Military
- Chinese Warlords
- Anhui clique
- File:Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 19 dots.svg Fengtian clique
- Shanxi clique
- Yunnan clique
- Zhili clique
- Chinese Warlords
- Occupation of Mongolia
- File:Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 18 dots.svgFile:Chinese-army Wuhan flag (1911-1928) 19 dots.svgFile:Beiyang star.svg Chinese Military
Republic of Guatemala[14]
Republic of Honduras[14]
Republic of Liberia
Republic of Peru[15]
Republic of San Marino[13]
Republic of the United States of Brazil[14][13]
File:Flag of Russian Empire (1914-1917) common.svg Russian Empire[14][13]
- Baltic Governorates
- Caucasus Viceroyalty
- File:Flag of CER (1897).svgError creating thumbnail: Chinese Eastern Railway
- File:Military ensign of Vistula Flotilla of Congress Poland.svg Congress Poland
- File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Emirate of Bukhara (protectorate)
- General Government of Galicia and Bukovina
- File:Coat of Arms of Grand Duchy of Finland-holding sabre.svg Grand Duchy of Finland
- File:Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svgFile:Bandera de Khiva abans 1917.svg Khanate of Khiva (protectorate)
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- Russian-occupied Eastern Galicia
- Russian-occupied German Empire
- Russian-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- Russian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Russian Turkestan
- File:Flag of Uriankhai (1918-1921).svg Uryankhay Krai (protectorate)
- Vistula Land
- Western Krai
Russian Provisional Government[14]
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- Special Transcaucasian Committee
Russian Republic[14]
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- Russian Army
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
File:Flag of Russia (1918).svgFile:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1937).svgFile:Flag of Russia (1918, cross).svg Russian Soviet Republic (Russian Socialist Soviet Republic) (Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic) (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) (RSFSR)[lower-alpha 2]
Amur Socialist Soviet Republic- File:Communist Hammer and Sickle Star Flag.svg Armed Forces of the Russian Soviet Republic
- File:Baku sovnarkom.png Baku Soviet Commune
Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic
Black Sea Soviet Republic
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic- File:Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg Commune of the Working People of Estonia
Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic
File:Flag of the Donets-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic.svg Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Don Soviet Republic
Far Eastern Republic
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (Red Finland)
First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka- File:Flag of the Galician SSR.svg Galician Soviet Socialist Republic
Jangal Movement
Karelian Workers' Commune
Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
Kuban Soviet Republic- File:Flag of the Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920).svg Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
- File:Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg Litbel
- File:Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Mughan Soviet Republic
North Caucasian Soviet Republic
Odessa Soviet Republic
Petrograd Soviet
Red Guards
Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic
Terek Soviet Republic- File:Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg Turkestan Autonomous Socialist Federative Republic
- File:Flag of Ukrainian People's Republic of the Soviets.svg Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
Ukrainian Soviet Republic- File:Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1929).svg Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
- File:Flag of Volga German ASSR.svg Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Second Polish Republic
- File:Petropavlovsk-Krondstadt flag.svg Soviet Republic of Naissaar (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar) (Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders)[lower-alpha 3]
- File:Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
State of Thessaloniki
- Allied-occupied Kingdom of Greece
- File:Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg Turkestan Autonomy
Ukrainian People's Republic[lower-alpha 4]
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland[14][13]
- British Empire[14][13]
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Basutoland
- Bechuanaland (protectorate)
Bermuda- British concession in Tianjin
- File:Flag of Cyprus (1922–1960).svg British Cyprus
British Guiana- File:Flag of British Honduras (1870–1919).svg British Honduras
- File:Flag of Leeward Islands (1952–1958).svg British Leeward Islands
- File:Flag of Mauritius (1906–1923).svg British Mauritius
- File:Flag of British Cameroon.svg British occupied German Cameroon
- File:Flag of Tanganyika (1923–1961).svg British occupied German East Africa
- British-occupied German Togoland
- British-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- File:Flag of the Governor-General of India (1885–1947).svg

British Raj (Indian Empire)[13]
- Aden Settlement (Province of Aden) (protectorate)
- File:Flag of the Sultanate of Fadhli.svg Fadhli Sultanate
- Agencies
- File:Flag of Sikkim (1914-1962).svg Kingdom of Sikkim (protectorate)
- Princely States (vassals)
- File:Drapeau Ajaigarh.png Ajaigarh
- File:Akalkot flag.svg Akkalkot
- Aligarh
- Alipura
- File:Drapeau AliRajpur.png Alirajpur
- File:Alwar flag.svg Alwar
- File:Flag of the State of Amb.svg Amb
- File:FlagofKalat.svg Khanate of Kalat
- File:Cochin flag.svg Kingdom of Cochin
- File:Flag of Kingdom of Mysore.svg Kingdom of Mysore
- File:Flag of State of Chitral.svg State of Chitral
- File:Flag of the State of Dir 2.svg State of Dir
State of Hyderabad- File:Flag of the State of Kharan.svg State of Kharan
- File:Flag of the State of Las Bela.svg State of Las Bela
- File:Flag of Swat.svg The Yousafzai State of Swat
- Other Princely States
- Aden Settlement (Province of Aden) (protectorate)
- File:Flag of British Somaliland (1952–1960).svg British Somaliland Protectorate
- British Western Pacific Territories
- File:Flag of the British Windward Islands (1903-1953).svg British Windward Islands
- Error creating thumbnail: Central-Caspian Dictatorship (protectorate)
Ceylon- File:Flag of the Bahamas (1904–1923).svg Colony of the Bahama Islands
Colony of Barbados- File:Flag of Jamaica (1906–1957).svg Colony of Jamaica and Dependencies
- File:Flag of Nigeria (1914–1952).svg Colony of Nigeria
Commonwealth of Australia[13]
- ANZAC
- Norfolk Island
- Error creating thumbnail: Territory of Papua
- File:Flag of BSAC edit.svg Company rule in Rhodesia
- File:Flag of Malta (1943–1964).svg Crown Colony of Malta
- File:Flag of Seychelles (1903–1961).svg Crown colony of Seychelles
Dominion of Canada[13]
- Canadian-occupied Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic[3]
- File:Dominion of Newfoundland Red Ensign.png Dominion of Newfoundland[13]
Dominion of New Zealand[13]
- ANZAC
- File:Flag of the Samoa Trust Territory.svg New Zealand-occupied German Samoa
- File:Flag of Kenya (1895–1921).svg East Africa Protectorate
Falkland Islands
- Falkland Islands Dependencies
- File:Flag of the Federated Malay States (1895–1946).svg Federated Malay States (protectorate)
Negeri Sembilan
Pahang Darul Makmur
Perak
Selangor Darul Ehsan
- File:Flag of The Gambia (1889–1965).svg Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Gibraltar- File:Flag of the Gold Coast (1877–1957).svg Gold Coast
- File:Flag of Hong Kong (1876-1959).svg Hong Kong
- File:Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg Khedivate of Egypt (protectorate)
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Kingdom of Tonga (protectorate)
Military Dictatorship of Mughan- File:Flag of Brunei 1906-1959.svg Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Brunei Darussalam) (Sultanate of Brunei) (protectorate)
New Hebrides- File:Flag of Afghanistan (1901–1919).svg Northern Persia (protectorate)
- Nyasaland
- Occupation of Constantinople
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Saint Helena- File:Flag of Kuwait (1909-1915).svgFile:Flag of Kuwait (1915–1956).svg Sheikhdom of Kuwait (protectorate)
- State of Qatar (protectorate)
Straits Settlements
- Dindings
- Malacca
- Penang and Province Wellesley
- Singapore
- Error creating thumbnail: Sultanate of Egypt (protectorate)
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (protectorate)- File:Flag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar.svgFile:Flag of Zanzibar Under British Rule.svg Sultanate of Zanzibar (protectorate)
- Swaziland (protectorate)
- File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago (1889–1958).svg Trinidad and Tobago
- Trucial States (Trucial Oman) (Truicial Sheikhdoms) (Trucial Coast) (protectorate)
- Unfederated Malay States (protectorate)
State of Johor Darul Ta'zim
State of Kedah Darul Aman
State of Kelantan Darul Naim
State of Perlis Indera Kayangan
State of Terengganu Darul Iman
- File:Red Ensign of South Africa (1912–1951).svg Union of South Africa[13]
- South West Africa
- File:Flag of the Witu Protectorate (1893-1920).svg Wituland (protectorate)
- British Military
- British-occupied Sublime Ottoman State
- British-occupied RSFSR
- Constituent Countries of the United Kingdom
- Crown Dependencies of the British Crown
- British Empire[14][13]
United States of America[14][13]
- American Military
- American-occupied Republic of Cuba
- American-occupied Republic of Haiti
- American-occupied Republic of Nicaragua
- American-occupied RSFSR
- Bajo Nuevo Bank
- Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
- Howland Island
- Insular Government of the Philippine Islands
- Johnston Atoll
- Kingman Reef
- Midway Atoll
- File:Flag of Panama Canal Zone.svg Panama Canal Zone
- Puerto Rico
- File:Flag of Cuba (1902–1906).svg Republic of Cuba (protectorate)[14][13]
Republic of Nicaragua (protectorate)[14][13]
Republic of Panama (protectorate)[14][13]- States
- Alabama
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
Territory of Alaska- Territory of American Samoa
- Territory of Guam
Territory of Hawaii- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
Non-state actors
Andorran volunteers- Arab Revolt (Arab Army)
- Bedouin
File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svgFile:Flag of Hejaz 1920.svg Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz
- Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
- Sharifian Army
- Howeitat
- Ruwallah
- Armenian national movement
- Armenakan Party
- File:Armenian Revolutionary Federation Flag.svg Armenian Revolutionary Federation
- Armenian fedayi militia
- Armenian National Council
Republic of Armenia (First)[13]
- Social Democrat Hunchakian Party
- Armenian fedayi militia
- File:Old Assyrian Flag.svg Assyria
- File:Flag of Rehoboth-Basterland.svg Basters under Cornelius van Wyk
- Iroquois Confederacy
Latvian Provisional Government
Left SRs[lower-alpha 6]
- Polish Legions
- File:Flag of Pontus.svg Pontic Greeks
- Supreme War Council
File:Coat of arms of the Kolchak government (unofficial).png White Army (White Guard) (Whites)[note 3]
Mensheviks
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Georgian Menshevik Party
- File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Transcaucasian Seim
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Georgian Menshevik Party
- Transcaspian Government
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
- Military Dictatorship of Mughan
- File:Eser flag (Въ борьбѣ обрѣтешь ты право свое!).svgFile:SR (and Revolyutsionnaya Mysl') electoral symbol, November 1917 election.svg Right SRs
Russian Republic[14]
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Transcaucasian-occupied Ottoman Sublime State
- Transcaucasian-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Transcaucasian Commissariat
- Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
- Russian concession in Tianjin
- Russian Military
- All-Russian Constituent Assembly
- Transcaspian Government
File:Verhovny Pravitel flag.pngFile:Coat of arms of the Kolchak government (unofficial).png Russian State
- File:Flag of Bashkortostan (1918).svg Bashkiria
- Provisional All-Russian Government (PA-RG) (Omsk Directory) (Ufa Directory) (The Directory)
Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly- File:Bandera de Bakio.svg Provisional Siberian Government (Omsk)
- File:Bandera de Bakio.svg Provisional Siberian Government (Vladivostok)
- File:Flag of the Provisional Regional Government of the Urals.svg Ural Provisional Regional Government
- File:Volunteer Army Insignia.svg Russian Armed Forces
- File:Imperial Russian Aviation Roundel.svg Russian Air Forces
- Russian Army
- Cossacks
- Baikal Cossacks
- Transbaikal
Kuban Cossacks- Orenburg Cossacks (Orenburg Independent Army)
- Persian Cossack Brigade
- Baikal Cossacks
- General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia (Government of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia)
- Northern Army
- Provisional Government of the Northern Region
- Supreme Administration of the Northern Region
- File:СЗА нарукавный знак.JPG Northwestern Army (Northern Corps)
- People's Army of Komuch
- File:Flag of the Siberian Army.svg Siberian Army
- Ural Army
- Western Army
- White movement in Transbaikal
- Cossacks
- File:Naval Ensign of Russia.svg Russian Fleet
- White émigrés

Yakutia
- File:Flag of the First Zionist Congress 1897.svg Zionists
Central Powers and Co-belligerents
The Central Powers were a group of countries opposing the Allies. They were (in order of joining) Austria-Hungary, the German Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria, among others.
List
- Colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
- File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).svg
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Belarusian People's Republic- File:Flag of Crimea 1918.png Crimean Regional Government
- File:Flag of Crimean People's Republic 1917.svg Crimean People's Republic
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia
- File:Dervish flag.svg Dervish State
- File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Republic
- File:Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
German Realm
Duchy of Anhalt- File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Duchy of Brunswick
- File:Flag of Saxe-Altenburg (1893-1918).svg Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
- File:Flagge Herzogtum Anhalt.svg Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- File:Saxe- Meiningen.png Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
- File:Flag of Bremen.svg Free and Hanseatic City of Bremen
- File:Flag of the Free City of Lübeck.svg Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
- File:Flag of Hamburg.svg Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
- File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Free People's State of Württemberg
- File:Flagge Herzogtum Braunschweig.svg Free State of Brunswick
- File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Free State of Lippe
- File:Civil flag of Oldenburg.svg Free State of Oldenburg
- File:Saxe- Meiningen.png Free State of Saxe-Meiningen
- File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1813-1897).svg Free State of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
- File:Flag of Prussia (1918–1933).svg Free State of Prussia
German Cameroon- German concession in Hankou
German concession in Hankou
German concession in Tianjin- File:German new guinea flag.svg German New Guinea
- German occupied French Republic
- German occupied Grand Dutchy of Luxembourg
- German occupied Kingdom of Romania
- German occupied Portuguese Mozambique
German Samoa
German South West Africa
Government General of Warsaw
Grand Duchy of Baden- File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg Grand Duchy of Hesse
- File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
- File:Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- File:Flag of Oldenburg (Scandinavian Cross).svg Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
- File:Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1813-1897).svg Grand Duchy of Saxony
Imperial German General Government of Belgium- File:Dienstflagge Elsaß-Lothringen Kaiserreich.svg Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine
Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory- File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Prussia- File:Flag of Saxony.svg Kingdom of Saxony
- File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Kingdom of Württemberg
- File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet
- Northern Dobruja
- File:Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg People's State of Hesse
- File:Flagge Fürstentum Lippe.svg Principality of Lippe
- File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß jüngere Linie.svg Principality of Reuss-Gera
- File:Flagge Fürstentum Reuß ältere Linie.svg Principality of Reuss-Greiz
- File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
- File:Flagge Fürstentümer Schwarzburg.svg Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
- File:Flagge Fürstentum Schaumburg-Lippe.svg Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
- Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903-1918).svg Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East
Togoland Protectorate (6–26 August 1914)[16][lower-alpha 11]- File:Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg German East Africa (since 5 August 1914)[17]
Kingdom of Bulgaria
- Bulgarian occupied Kingdom of Greece
- Bulgarian occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Bulgarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Northern Dobruja
- File:Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svgFile:Flag of Finland 1918-1920 (State).svgFile:Flag of Finland (1918-1920).svg Kingdom of Finland
Kingdom of Lithuania- File:Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg Kingdom of Poland
- Kuban People's Republic
- File:Горская Республика.png Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
- File:Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svg Republic of Finland
- File:Flag of Transvaal.svg South African Provisional Government
Sublime Ottoman State
- Ottoman-occupied Aden Protectorate
- Ottoman-occupied Republic of Armenia
- Ottoman-occupied Russian Empire
- Ottoman-occupied State of Qatar
- Ottoman-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ottoman-occupied Sultanate of Egypt
- Ottoman-occupied Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Ottoman-occupied Emirate of Upper Asir
Yemen Vilayet
- Regional Government of Northwest Russia
- File:Flag of Darfur.svg Sultanate of Darfur
- File:Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen
- File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918; angels; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia.svg Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- Austro-Hungarian concession in Tianjin
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Itay
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Montenegro
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Romania
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Austro-Hungarian protectorate of Albania
- Carpathian passes
- File:Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg City of Fiume and its District
- File:Flag of Bosnia (1908–1918).svg Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Imperial and Royal Military Administration in Serbia
- File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia.svg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918; angels; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg Kingdom of Hungary
- Northern Dobruja
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council
- Austro-Hungarian concession in Tianjin
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Itay
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Montenegro
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Kingdom of Romania
- Austro-Hungarian occupied Principality of Albania
- Carpathian passes
- File:Flag of Bosnia (1908–1918).svg Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- File:Flag of Bukowina.svg Duchy of Bukovina
- File:Flag of Carinthia.svg Duchy of Carinthia
- File:Flag of Krain.svg Duchy of Carniola
- File:Flag of Salzburg (state).svg Duchy of Salzburg
- File:Flag of Styria (state).svg Duchy of Styria
- File:Flag of Czech Silesia.svg Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
- Imperial and Royal Military Administration in Serbia
- File:Flag of Imperial Free City of Trieste.svg Imperial Free City of Trieste
Kingdom of Bohemia- File:Flag of the Kingdom of Dalmatia.svg Kingdom of Dalmatia
- File:Flag of Galicia-Lodomeria 1890-1918.svg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- File:Flag of Istrien.svg Margraviate of Istria
- File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg Margraviate of Moravia
- Northern Dobruja
- File:Flag of Tirol.svg Princely County of Tyrol
- File:Flag of Görz und Gradisca.svg Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
- File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918; angels; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia.svg Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svg United Baltic Duchy
- File:Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Ukrainian People's Republic
- File:Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg Ukrainian State
- Non-state actors
- 'Anazzah
- Ag Kaocen's forces
- Alibi Dzhangildin and Amankeldi Imanov's forces
- Auliyahan'
- Barue forces
- File:Bandera del Turquestan.svg Basmachi
- Bussa forces
- Charlemagne Péralte's forces
- Dasa's forces
- Dashti people
- Desiderio Arias's forces
- Egba's forces
- Hibernian Rifles
- Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
- Irish Citizen Army
- File:Green Sunburst Flag.svg Irish Republican Brotherhood
- Irish Volunteers
- Iwellemmedans
- Jangal movement
- John Chilembwe's forces
- Kokonur forces
- Makonbe forces
- Laristani people
- Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
- Polish Legions
- Phu Mi Bun Movement
- Qashqai people
- File:Flag of Cyrenaica.svg Senussi
- Simko Shikak's forces
- Tangistani people
- The Fianna of Ireland
- The Irishwomen's Council
- Trinh Can's forces
- Tulante Buta's forces
White movement
- Pskov Independent Volunteers Corps of the Northern Army
- Villistas
- Zaian Confederation
State actors
- Bussa Emirate[lower-alpha 12]
- File:Flag of Crimean People's Republic 1917.svg
Crimean People's Republic[lower-alpha 13]
Free Socialist Republic of Germany[lower-alpha 14]
- File:Flag of the Republic of Alsace-Lorraine.svg Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Bremen Soviet Republic- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
- File:Reichskolonialflagge.svg German Colonial Empire
- File:Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg German East Africa
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Imperial German Army
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Imperial German Navy
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- States of the German Empire
- Kingdoms of the German Empire
- File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Prussia
- File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet
- File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Kingdom of Saxony
- File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Kingdom of Württemberg
- Kingdoms of the German Empire
- File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg People's State of Bavaria
Saxonian Soviet Republic- File:Flag of the Spartacus League (1918 variant).svg Spartacus League (Spartacists)
Würzburg Soviet Republic- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Territories ceded by Russia
- File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svgFile:Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltic Duchy
- File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg Belarusian People's Republic
- File:Flag of the Crimean Regional Government.svg Crimean Regional Government
- File:Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- Baltische Landeswehr
- German Estonia
- German Latvia
- File:Flag of Finland (1918–1920).svg Kingdom of Finland
- File:Flag of Lithuania (state).svg Kingdom of Lithuania
Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
- File:Flag of The Imamate of Oman.svg Imamate of Oman
File:Irish Republic Flag.svg Irish Republic[lower-alpha 16]
- Dáil Éireann
- File:Irish Republic Flag.svg Fianna Éireann
- Cumann na mBan
- Hibernian Rifles
- File:Starry Plough flag (1914).svg Irish Citizen Army
- Irish Republican Army
- File:Green Sunburst Flag.svg Irish Republican Brotherhood
Irish soviets
- Irish Volunteers
- File:Green Sunburst Flag.svg Irish Republican Brotherhood
- File:Irish Republic Flag.svg Sinn Féin
German Realm (Second German Reich)[14][13][lower-alpha 17]
- File:Flag of the West Russian Volunteer Army.svg Bermontians
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
- National Council of Georgia
- File:Reichskolonialflagge.svg German Colonial Empire
- German Concession in Tianjin
- File:Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg German East Africa
- File:Flag of Deutsch-Neuguinea.svgFile:Flag of German New Guinea.svg German New Guinea
- German Kaiser-Wilhelmsland
- File:Flag of German Samoa.svg German Samoa
- File:Flag of Deutsch-Südwest.svg German South West Africa
- German West Africa
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Russian Empire
- German-occupied Soviet Republic of Soldiers and Fortress-Builders of Naissaar
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Imperial German Army
- File:Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg Imperial German Army Air Service
- File:Stab eines Generalkommandos.svg VI Reserve Corps
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Imperial German Navy
- Constantinople Flotilla
- File:COA MFlgKdo.svg Imperial German Naval Air Service
- Indian independence committee[lower-alpha 18]
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- File:Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg Kingdom of Poland (puppet state)
- States of the German Empire
- Imperial Territories
- Kingdoms of the German Empire
- File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Prussia
- File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet
- File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Kingdom of Saxony
- File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Kingdom of Württemberg
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Bialystok-Grodno District
- Courland District
- Lithuania District
- Territories ceded by Russia
- File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svgFile:Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltic Duchy
- Baltische Landeswehr
- File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg Belarusian People's Republic
- File:Flag of the Crimean Regional Government.svg Crimean Regional Government
- File:Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- Baltische Landeswehr
- German Estonia
- Estonian Provisional Government[lower-alpha 19]
- File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg German-occupied Don Republic (Don Cossacks)
- File:Flag of Lithuania (state).svg Kingdom of Lithuania
Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
- Council of People's Ministers
- Southern Army
- File:Volunteer Army Insignia.svg Volunteer Army[lower-alpha 20]
Ukrainian People's Republic (German occupation zone)[lower-alpha 21]
- File:Coat of Arms of UNR.svg Central Rada of Ukraine
- Council of People's Ministers
- General Secretariat of Ukraine
- Free Cossacks
- Ukrainian People's Army
- File:Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svgFile:Flag of Finland 1918-1920 (State).svgFile:Flag of Finland (1918–1920).svg White Finland (Republic of Finland/Kingdom of Finland)
- File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svgFile:Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltic Duchy
- File:Austro-hungarian coat of arms 1914.svg The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen[14][13][lower-alpha 22]
- Austrian Colonial Empire
- Austrian Concession in Tianjin (Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin)
- Franz Josef Land (unofficial)
- Austrian-occupied Kingdom of Italy
- Austrian-occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Austro-Hungarian Military
- File:Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg Kingdom of Poland (puppet state)
- File:Flag of Hungary (1867-1918).svg Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
- File:Flag of Bosnia (1908-1918).svg Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- File:Flag of the Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia.svgFile:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia.svg Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
- Kingdom of Hungary
- File:Transylvania - Siebenbürgen - Erdély - Transilvania v1.svg Principality of Transylvania
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council (Cisleithania)
- File:Flag of Bosnia (1908-1918).svg Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Municipalities
- File:Flag of the Austrian Littoral.svgFile:Flag of the Austrian Littoral with coat of arms.svg Austrian Littoral
- File:Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg County of Tyrol
- File:Flag of Salzburg, Vienna, Vorarlberg.svg Crown Land of Salzburg
- File:Flag of Bukowina.svg Duchy of Bukovina
- File:Flag of Carinthia until 1946.svg Duchy of Carinthia
- File:Flag of Krain.svg Duchy of Carniola
- File:Styria Flag until 1960.svg Duchy of Styria
- File:Flag of the Austrian Silesia.svg Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia
- File:Flag of Imperial Free City of Trieste.svg Imperial Free City of Trieste
Lands of the Bohemian Crown
- Kingdom of Bohemia
- Margraviate of Moravia
- File:Flag of the Kingdom of Dalmatia.svg Kingdom of Dalmatia
- File:Flag of Galicia-Lodomeria 1890-1918.svgFile:Flag of Galicia and Lodomeria (1849-1890).svg Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
- File:Flag of Görz und Gradisca.svg Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca
Ukrainian People's Republic (Austrian occupation zone)[lower-alpha 23]
- File:Coat of Arms of UNR.svg Central Rada of Ukraine
- Council of People's Ministers
- General Secretariat of Ukraine
- Free Cossacks
- Ukrainian People's Army
- Austrian Colonial Empire
The Sublime Ottoman State[14][13]
- Damascus Eyalet
- File:Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg Kars Republic (protectorate)
- Minor allies of the Ottoman Empire
- Ahl Haydara Mansur
- 'Anazzah
- File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).png
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic - File:Flag of Turkestan.svg Basmachi
- File:Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg Khanate of Khiva under Junaid Khan
- Central Asian revolt of 1916 (Turkic tribal confederations)
- File:Dervish flag.svg Dervish state
- File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il.svg Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Ethiopian Empire (Lij Iyasu loyalists)- File:Flag of the Mountain Republic.svg Mountain Republic (Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus) (MRNC) (Republic of the Mountaineers) (United Republics of the North Caucasus)
- File:Flag of North Caucasian Emirate.svg North Caucasian Emirate
- File:Republic of Aras flag.png Republic of Aras
- File:Flag of the Senussi Dynasty.svg Senussi order
- Shekak tribe
- File:Flag of Darfur.svg Sultanate of Darfur
- Ottoman Arabia
- Ottoman Military
- Ottoman-occupied Sublime State of Persia
- Ottoman-occupied Republic of Armenia
- Ottoman-occupied Russian Empire
- Ottoman-occupied Sultanate of Egypt
- Ottoman-occupied Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic
- Territories ceded by Russia
- Yemen Vilayet
Tsardom of Bulgaria[14][13]
- Bulgarian-occupied Kingdom of Greece
- Bulgarian-occupied Kingdom of Serbia
- Bulgarian occupied Principality of Albania
- File:Flag of the IMRO.svg Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO)
Weimar Republic[14][lower-alpha 24]
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
- National Council of Georgia
- File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Free State of Bavaria
- File:Flag of Prussia (1918–1933).svg Free State of Prussia
- File:Reichskolonialflagge.svg German Colonial Empire
- File:Flag of Deutsch-Ostafrika.svg German East Africa
- German-occupied Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- German-occupied Kingdom of Belgium
- German-occupied Third French Republic
- General Governorate of Warsaw
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Imperial German Army
Freikorps
- File:Flag of the Iron Division Freikorps.svg Freikorps in the Baltic (Iron Division)
- File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svgFile:Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltic Duchy
- Baltische Landeswehr
- File:Flag of Courland (state).svg Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
- Baltische Landeswehr
- German Estonia
File:Flag of the Iron Division Freikorps.svg
File:Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Pro-German government in Latvia under Andrievs Niedra[18]
- File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svgFile:Flag of Baltic Germans.svg Baltic Duchy
- File:Flag of the Iron Division Freikorps.svg Freikorps in the Baltic (Iron Division)
- File:Cross-Pattee-Heraldry.svg Imperial German Army Air Service
- File:Stab eines Generalkommandos.svg VI Reserve Corps
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Imperial German Navy
- Constantinople Flotilla
- File:COA MFlgKdo.svg Imperial German Naval Air Service
- Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory
- States of the German Empire
- Kingdoms of the German Empire
- File:Flag of Bavaria (striped).svg Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Prussia
- File:Flag of Moresnet.svg Neutral Moresnet
- File:Flagge Königreich Sachsen (1815-1918).svg Kingdom of Saxony
- File:Flagge Königreich Württemberg.svg Kingdom of Württemberg
- Kingdoms of the German Empire
- File:War Ensign of Germany (1903–1919).svg Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East (Ober Ost)
- Bialystok-Grodno District
- Courland District
- Lithuania District
- Territories ceded by Russia
- File:Flag of Belarus (1918, 1991-1995).svg Belarusian People's Republic
- File:Flag of the Crimean Regional Government.svg Crimean Regional Government
- File:Flag of Finland 1918 (state).svgFile:Flag of Finland 1918-1920 (State).svgFile:Flag of Finland (1918–1920).svg Kingdom of Finland
- File:Flag of Lithuania (state).svg Kingdom of Lithuania
Ukrainian State (Second Hetmanate)
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia (protectorate)
Non-state actors
- Aulihan
- Barue rebels
- Berbers
- File:Flag of Haiti (1820–1849, 1859–1964).svg Cacos (Charlemagne Péralte's forces)
- Conventionists
- Egba rebels
- File:Darker green and Black flag.svg Green Armies[lower-alpha 26]
- Indian revolutionaries
- File:Anushilan samiti symbol.jpg Anushilan Samiti
- File:Ghadar Flag.png Ghadar Movement
- Indian independence committee
- File:Flag of Persia (1907-1933).svg Iranian rebels
- Achomi people
- Dashti people
- Democrat Party
- Tabriz under the forces of Ismail Nawbari
- Dowlat Movaqat Melli (Provisional National Government)[19]
Jangal Movement
- File:Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg Gilan Soviet Republic (Persian SSR)
- File:IIG Logo (Old).svg Persian Central Government Gendarmerie
- Pro-German government of Shiraz under Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
- Qashqai people
- John Chilembwe's forces
- Makonde people[lower-alpha 27]
Manchu Restoration- File:Flag of the Dominican First Republic.svg Ministry of War of the Dominican Republic under Desiderio Arias
- Phu Mi Bun movement[lower-alpha 28]
- Polish Legions
- Volta-Bani Rebels
File:Coat of arms of the Kolchak government (unofficial).png White Army (White Guard) (Whites)[lower-alpha 29]
Mensheviks
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Georgian Menshevik Party
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Democratic Republic of Georgia
- File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg Georgian Menshevik Party
- Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Mensheviks)
File:Verhovny Pravitel flag.pngFile:Coat of arms of the Kolchak government (unofficial).png Russian State
- File:Volunteer Army Insignia.svg Russian Armed Forces
- File:Imperial Russian Aviation Roundel.svg Russian Air Forces
- Russian Army
- File:Flag of the West Russian Volunteer Army.svg Bermontians
- Cossacks
- File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Cossacks
Kuban Cossacks
- General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia (Government of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of South Russia)
- Armed Forces of South Russia
- File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Republic (Don Cossacks)
- File:Don White Army.svg Don Army
- Southern Army
- Don Host Oblast
- File:Don White Army.svg Don Army
Kuban People's Republic (Kuban Cossacks)
Kuban Rada
- File:Flag of Don Cossacks.svg Don Republic (Don Cossacks)
- File:Flag of the Crimean Regional Government.svg Crimean Regional Government
- Armed Forces of South Russia
- File:СЗА нарукавный знак.JPG Northwestern Army (Northern Corps)
- Regional Government of Northwest Russia
- File:Volunteer Army Insignia.svg Russian Armed Forces
- White émigrés

Yakutia
- Yakuts
Neutral countries[lower-alpha 30]
- Declared neutral colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Kingdom of Denmark
Danish West Indies
Greenland
Iceland
Kingdom of Norway[lower-alpha 31]
Kingdom of Spain
Kingdom of Sweden[lower-alpha 32]
Kingdom of the Netherlands[lower-alpha 33]
- File:Flag of Persia (1907-1933).svg Sublime State of Persia[lower-alpha 34]
- File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Swiss Confederation[lower-alpha 35]
- De facto neutral colonies, condominiums, countries, occupations, protectorates, and territories
Argentine Republic
Banat Republic- File:Flag of Bogd Khaanate Mongolia.svg Bogd Khanate of Outer Mongolia
- Chokwe Kingdom
- File:Flag of Afghanistan (1901–1919).svg Emirate of Afghanistan[lower-alpha 36]
- File:Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Emirate of Bukhara
- File:Flag of the Empire of China 1915-1916.svgFile:Yuan Flag (Propose).svg Empire of China
Ethiopian Empire[lower-alpha 37]- File:Flag of the Free State of Bottleneck.svg Free State of Bottleneck
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg[lower-alpha 38]- File:Flag of Hungary (1915-1918; angels; 3-2 aspect ratio).svg File:Flag of Croatia-Slavonia.svg Hungary[lower-alpha 39]
- File:Idel-Ural flag.svg Idel-Ural State
- File:Flag of the Confederated Republic of Altai.svg Karakorum Government
- File:Khiva Khanate 01 to 1917.gif Khanate of Khiva
- Kingdom of Bhutan
Komancza Republic- File:Flag of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.svg Moldavian Democratic Republic
- File:Flag of Yemen 1918.svg Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
Peruvian Republic- File:Flag of Liechtenstein (1852-1921).svg Principality of Liechtenstein[lower-alpha 40]
Principality of Monaco[lower-alpha 41]- Radomir Republic[lower-alpha 42]
Republic of Bolivia
Republic of Chile
Republic of Colombia- File:Flag of Ecuador (1900-2009).svg Republic of Ecuador
Republic of El Salvador[lower-alpha 43]- Republic of Estonia
Republic of Lithuania- File:Flag of Paraguay (1842–1954).svg Republic of Paraguay
- File:POL Tarnobrzeg flag.svg Republic of Tarnobrzeg
- File:Flag of the Shanghai International Settlement.svg Shanghai International Settlement
- Error creating thumbnail: Sheikdom of Upper Asir
- Spitsbergen[lower-alpha 44]
Sultanate of Sulu
Tibet[lower-alpha 45]
The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council[lower-alpha 46]
United Mexican States[lower-alpha 47]
United States of Venezuela
- Non-state actors
- Aboriginal Australians
- Chukchi people
- Cinta Larga
- Cuanhama
- Guangdong
- Guangxi
- Guizhou
- Hunan
- Inuit
- Kimbundu people
- Lunda people
- File:Ma Clique Flag.png Ma clique
- Nganasan people
- Oaxaca
- Papuan people
- Semirechye Cossacks
- Shanxi clique
- Siberian Cossacks
- Sichuan clique
- Turkana people
- Xinjiang clique
- Yanomami
List of Countries Participating in World War I
| Flag | Country (official name), army, or party | Country (common name), army, or party | Years when entity participated in the war | Allied Power | Central Power | Strength | Casualties | Ref. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Military Casualties | Civilian Casualties | Total Casualties | ||||||||
| File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).png | Kingdom of Serbia | Serbia | 1914–1915 | ✓ | 707,000 | 275,000[20] | 525,000[20] | 300,000[20] | [21][22][23] | |
| The Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of St. Stephen and colonies | Austria-Hungary / Austro-Hungarian Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | 7,800,000 | 1,460,000[20] | 400,000?[20] | 1,860,000[20] | [21][24][23] | ||
| Russian Empire | Russia | 1914–1917 | ✓ | 12,000,000 | 1,811,000 | 1,500,000 | 3,311,000 | [21][25][better source needed] | ||
| German Empire and colonies | Germany / German Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | 13,250,000 | 2,037,000[20] | 700,000[20] | 2,737,000[20] | [21] | ||
| Third French Republic and colonies | France / French Empire | 1914–1918 | ✓ | Total figures for the French Empire: 8,660,000 | 1,327,000[20] | 600,000[20] | 1,927,000[20] | [21] | ||
| Czechoslovak Legion | Czech Legion | 1914–1918 | ✓ | |||||||
| Kingdom of Belgium and colonies | Belgium / Belgian Empire | 1914 | ✓ | 380,000 | 38,000[20] | 50,000[20] | 88,000[20] | [21] | ||
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and colonies | United Kingdom / British Empire | 1914-1918 | ✓ | Total figures for the British Empire: 8,842,000 | 750,000[20] | 600,000 | 1.350,000[20] | [21][26] | ||
| Commonwealth of Australia | Australia | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 61,966[20] | 61,966[20] | |||||
| Dominion of Canada | Canada | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 620,000 | 64,944 | 2,000 | 66,944 | |||
| File:Dominion of Newfoundland Red Ensign.png | Dominion of Newfoundland | Newfoundland | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 1,204 | 1,204 | ||||
| Dominion of New Zealand | New Zealand | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 18,052[20] | 18,052[20] | |||||
| File:Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg | Khedivate of Egypt | Egypt | 1914 | ✓ | ||||||
| Indian Empire | British India, British Hindustan, British Raj | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 74,187 | 74,187 | |||||
| File:Flag of Nepal (1856-c.1930).svg | Kingdom of Nepal | Nepal | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| Error creating thumbnail: | Sultanate of Egypt | Egypt | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Red Ensign of South Africa (1912–1951).svg | Union of South Africa | South Africa | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 9,463 | 9,463 | ||||
| Republic of Liberia | Liberia | 1914-1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| File:Flag of Montenegro (1905–1918).svg | Kingdom of Montenegro | Montenegro | 1914-1915 | ✓ | 50,000 | 13,000[20] | 13,000[20] | [21] | ||
| Empire of Japan and colonies | Japan / Japanese Empire | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 800,000 | 1000[20] | 1000[20] | [21] | |||
| File:Flag of Transvaal.svg | South African Republic | Maritz rebellion | 1914-1915 | ✓ | 12,000 | 124 | 124 | |||
| File:Flag of Albania (1914–1920).svg | Principality of Albania | Albania | 1914-1916 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Ottoman flag.svg | Sublime Ottoman State | Ottoman Empire / Turkish Empire / Turkey / Ottoman Turkey | 1914-1918 | ✓ | 2,998,000 | 325,000[20] | 1,000,000-2,000,000 (from the Armenian Genocide) [20] | 2,325,000[20] | [21][27] | |
| File:Flag of the Emirate of Ha'il (1835 - 1920).svg | Emirate of Jabbal Shammar | Jabbal Shammar | 1914-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of the Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909-1930).svg | Idrisid Emirate of Asir | Asir | 1915-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:National Flag Kingdom of Italy.png | Kingdom of Italy | Italy / Italian Empire | 1915-1918 | ✓ | 5,615,000 | 460,000[20] | 700,000?[20] | 1,160,000[20] | [21] | |
| Tsardom of Bulgaria | Bulgaria / Kingdom of Bulgaria | 1915-1918 | ✓ | 1,200,000 | 87,000 | 300,000[20] | 388,000[20] | [21] | ||
| File:Flag of the Emirate of Nejd and Hasa.svg | Emirate of Nejd and Hasa | Nejd / Nejd and Hasa | 1915-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of the Senussi Dynasty.svg | Senussiyya | Senussi | 1915-1917 | ✓ | [28][29] | |||||
| Portugese Republic and colonies | Portugal / Portugese Empire | 1916-1918 | ✓ | 80,000 | 7,000[20] | 7,000[20] | [21][30] | |||
| File:Irish Republic Flag.svg | Irish Nationalists | Irish Rebels | 1916, 1917, 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of Hejaz (1917).svg | Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz | Hejaz / Arab Revolt | 1916-1918 | ✓ | [31] | |||||
| File:Flag of Romania.gif | Kingdom of Romania | Romania | 1916-1918 | ✓ | 658,000 | 250,000[20] | 300,000[20] | 550,000[20] | [21][32] | |
| Provisional Government of National Defence | Thessaloniki | 1916-1917 | ✓ | [33] | ||||||
| Kingdom of Poland | Poland | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [34] | ||||||
| Russian Provisional Government | Russia | 1917 | ✓ | [21][35][36] | ||||||
| United States of America and colonies | United States | 1917-1918 | ✓ | 4,744,000 | 117,000[20] | 117,000[20] | [21][37] | |||
| File:Flag of Panama 1925 - 2017.png | Republic of Panama | Panama | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| File:Flag of Cuba (1902–1906).svg | Republic of Cuba | Cuba | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| Russian Republic | Russia | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| File:Hellenic Kingdom Flag 1935.svg | Kingdom of Greece | Greece | 1917-1918 | ✓ | 250,000 | 25,000[20] | 25,000[20] | [21] | ||
| File:Flag of China (1912–1928).svg | Republic of China | China | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| Kingdom of Siam | Siam | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| Republic of the United States of Brazil | Brazil | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| Haudenosaunee Confederacy | Iroquois | 1917-1918 | ✓ | |||||||
| Republic of Peru | Peru | 1917-1918 | ✓ | [15] | ||||||
| File:Flag of Alash Autonomy.svg | Alash Autonomy | Kazakhstan / Alash-Orda | 1917-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| White Army[note 4] | Whites | 1917-1918 | ✓[note 5] | ✓[note 5] | ||||||
| File:Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg | Turkestan Autonomy | Turkestan | 1917-1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| Kuban People's Republic | Kuban / Kuban Cossacks | 1918 | ✓ | |||||||
File:Flag of Russia (1918).svg File:Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1918–1937).svg |
Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic | Soviet Russia / Bolshevik Russia | 1918 | ✓[lower-alpha 48] | [38] | |||||
| File:Flag of Finland 1918-1920 (State).svg | Kingdom of Finland | Finland / White Finland | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of Lithuania (state).svg | Kingdom of Lithuania | Lithuania | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| Republic of Finland | Finland | 1918 | ✓ | |||||||
| Belarusian People's Republic | Belarus / White Ruthenia | 1918 | ✓ | |||||||
| File:United Baltic Duchy flag.svg | United Baltic Duchy / Grand Duchy of Livonia | Baltic Duchy / Livonia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of the Transcaucasian Federation.svg | Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic | Transcaucasia / Transcaucasian Federation | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| Republic of Armenia | Armenia | 1918 | ✓ | |||||||
| File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918).png | Azerbaijan Democratic Republic | Azerbaijan | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of Georgia (1918–1921).svg | Democratic Republic of Georgia | Georgia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg | Ukrainian People's Republic | Ukraine | 1918 | ✓[lower-alpha 49] | ✓[lower-alpha 50] | |||||
| Ukrainian State | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||||
| File:Flag of Crimean People's Republic (variant).svg | Crimean People's Republic | Crimea | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| File:Flag of the Crimean Regional Government.svg | Crimean Regional Government | 1918, 1919 | ✓ | |||||||
| Republic of Guatemala | Guatemala | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| Republic of Nicaragua | Nicaragua | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| File:Flag of Costa Rica (1848-1906).svg | First Costa Rican Republic | Costa Rica | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| File:Flag of Haiti (1820–1849, 1859–1964).svg | Republic of Haiti | Haiti | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| File:Bolivia Flag.svg | Republic of Bolivia | Bolivia | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | |||||
| Republic of Ecuador | Ecuador | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| Oriental Republic of Urugay | Urugay | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| Republic of Honduras | Honduras | 1918 | ✓ | [21] | ||||||
| Error creating thumbnail: | Centrocaspian Dictatorship | Centro-caspian Dictatorship | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| First Czechoslovak Republic | Czechoslovakia / Bohemia / Czechia | 1918 | ✓ | |||||||
| File:Flag of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.svg | State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs | Yugoslavia | 1918 | ✓ | ||||||
| Second Polish Republic | Poland | 1918 | ✓ | |||||||
Declarations of war
The following table shows the timeline of the several declarations of war among the belligerent powers. Entries on a yellow background show severed diplomatic relations only, not actual declarations of war.
| Date | Declarer | On |
|---|---|---|
| 1914 | ||
| July 28 | File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia | |
| August 1 | ||
| August 3 | ||
| August 4 | ||
| August 5 | File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Montenegro | |
| August 6 | ||
| File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia | ||
| August 9 | File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Montenegro | |
| August 11 | ||
| August 12 | ||
| August 22 | ||
| August 23 | ||
| August 25 | ||
| October 5 | File:Flag of Albania 1920.svg Albania | |
| November 1 | ||
| November 2 | File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia | |
| November 3 | File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Montenegro | |
| November 5 | ||
| 1915 | ||
| May 23 | ||
| August 21 | ||
| October 14 | File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia | |
| October 15 | File:Flag of the Kingdom of Montenegro.svg Montenegro |
|
| October 16 | ||
| October 19 | ||
| 1916 | ||
| March 9 | ||
| March 15 | ||
| August 27 | ||
| August 28 | ||
| August 30 | ||
| November 1 | ||
| 1917 | ||
| April 6 | ||
| April 7 | ||
| April 10 | ||
| April 13 | ||
| April 20 | ||
| July 2 | ||
| July 22 | ||
| August 4 | ||
| August 14 | File:Flag of the Republic of China 1912-1928.svg China | |
| October 6 | ||
| October 7 | ||
| October 26 | ||
| December 7 | ||
| December 7 | ||
| December 10 | ||
| December 16 | ||
| 1918 | ||
| April 23 | ||
| May 8 | ||
| May 23 | File:Flag of Costa Rica (state).svg Costa Rica | |
| July 12 | File:Flag of Haiti (1859-1964).svg Haiti | |
| July 19 | ||
| November 10 | ||
See also
- World War I
- Allies of World War I
- Central Powers
- Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I
- Russian entry into World War I
- German entry into World War I
- French entry into World War I
- British entry into World War I
- Ottoman entry into World War I
- American entry into World War I
- International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)
- Russian Civil War
Notes
- ↑ since 1830 was Neutral Moresnet a condominium between Prussia (later Germany) and Belgium. Both countries had the right to protect the region.[10] On the same day of the German invasion in Belgium, the region was occupied by Germany. Until the end of the war and was in the Treaty of Versailles treaty annexed by Belgium.[11]
- ↑ armistice since 15 December 1917, allied power during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, the Crimea Operation, and the Sochi conflict
- ↑ When Naissaar was invaded by German forces
- ↑ During/after the German-backed coup d'état
- ↑ Unified with the UPR on 22 January 1919
- ↑ After the Left SR uprising
- ↑ against the German-backed Hetmanate
- ↑ against the German-backed Hetmanate
- ↑ against the German-backed Hetmanate
- ↑ during the Kerensky–Krasnov uprising
- ↑ From 26 August 1914, the Protectorate was occupied by the Alied forces until the Treaty of Versailles, on 20 July 1922 which officially divided the Protectorate between the UK and France.[5]
- ↑ during the Bussa rebellion
- ↑ during the Crimea Operation
- ↑ After November 9 1918
- ↑ Initially
- ↑ disputed with the United Kingdom
- ↑ Until November 9 1918
- ↑ during the Hindu-German conspiracy
- ↑ Initially
- ↑ during the Anti-Hetman Uprising
- ↑ during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, and the Crimea Operation. Officially a Central Power since the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- ↑ until 31 October 1918
- ↑ during the Battle of Zhmerynka, Operation Faustschlag, and the Crimea Operation. Officially a Central Power since the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)
- ↑ After November 9 1918
- ↑ participating in the Pancho Villa Expedition before the United States joined the Allies
- ↑ during the Sochi conflict
- ↑ during the Makonbe uprising
- ↑ during the Holy Man's Rebellion
- ↑ Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ↑ Countries that that first were neutral but then joined WWI are not included in this list.
- ↑ Gave naval assistance to the United Kingdom
- ↑ Non-belligerent
- ↑ Traded with both sides
- ↑ Civil dispute and Allied Campaign against Ottomans
- ↑ Switzerland did declare a "state of siege"
- ↑ Received a German diplomatic mission trying to convince it to act against the British in India
- ↑ Supported Central Powers and was on the verge of entering the war before Iyasu V's dethronement
- ↑ Never declared war on the Central Powers despite being invaded and occupied by Germany
- ↑ from 31 October 1918
- ↑ Had a customs and monetary union with Austria-Hungary
- ↑ aligned with the Allied Powers
- ↑ As an anti-war republic
- ↑ aligned with the Allied Powers
- ↑ before the Spitsbergen Treaty
- ↑ aligned with the Allied Powers
- ↑ from 31 October 1918
- ↑ Declined an alliance with Germany (see Zimmermann Telegram)
- ↑ see note b
- ↑ see note d
- ↑ see note u
- ↑ Few soldiers were in France, and they did not fight against the Germans. However, Liberia did declare war on Germany.
- ↑ disbanded before the United States joined the war
- ↑ Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ↑ The White Movement fought the Bolsheviks (RSFSR) but they both were fighting Germany until the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Some members of the Whites aligned themselves with the Entente, and others aligned themselves with the Central Powers.
- ^ British Empire was the common term for the United Kingdom and its overseas possessions at this time. The term refers to the colonies it controlled, to the Indian Empire, which, while not officially designated a colony, was functionally indistinguishable from one, and the British Dominions - former colonies which were self-governing in most respects but whose foreign policy was controlled by London; Australia, Canada, Newfoundland, New Zealand and South Africa. At that time, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland also included the entire island of Ireland.
Further reading
- Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War I. ABC CLIO. ISBN 9789386316752. Search this book on

References
- ↑ Tennyson 2014, p. 4[Broken link]
- ↑ Norman 2008, p. 40[Broken link]
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Moffat, Ian C. D. "Forgotten Battlefields – Canadians in Siberia 1918 – 1919". Canadian Military Journal. Department of National Defence. Retrieved 2018-11-18.
- ↑ "宣戦の詔書 [Sensen no shōsho, Imperial Rescript on Declaration of War] Kanpō, Extra ed., Aug. 23, 1914" (PDF). Library of Congress (in Japanese). 23 August 1914.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Martin 2007, p. 15.
- ↑ Fox, Sir Frank (1914). The Agony of Belgium The Invasion of Belgium in WWI August-December 1914. Beaumont Fox 2nd edition 2014. p. 19. Search this book on
- ↑ Strachan 2003, p. 585.
- ↑ Stiénon 1917, pp. 135–137.
- ↑ Musgrave 1918, p. 8.
- ↑ "Awaiting a Crisis in Belgium" (PDF). New York Times. 13 September 1903. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ↑ "Peace Treaty of Versailles Articles 31 - 117 and Annexes Political Clauses for Europe". net.lib.byu. 11 November 1998. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
- ↑ Marques 1991, p. 343.
- ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 13.10 13.11 13.12 13.13 13.14 13.15 13.16 13.17 13.18 13.19 13.20 13.21 13.22 13.23 13.24 13.25 13.26 13.27 13.28 13.29 13.30 13.31 13.32 13.33 13.34 "List of Participants in World War I". The Great War. WordPress. August 26, 2008. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ↑ 14.00 14.01 14.02 14.03 14.04 14.05 14.06 14.07 14.08 14.09 14.10 14.11 14.12 14.13 14.14 14.15 14.16 14.17 14.18 14.19 14.20 14.21 14.22 14.23 14.24 14.25 14.26 14.27 14.28 14.29 "Participants in World War I". World War I Centennial. n.d. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 Das, Darshana; Ray, Michael; et al. (December 23, 2019). "Allied powers | History & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2022-08-22.
- ↑ Friedenwald 2001, pp. 11–12[Broken link]
- ↑ Hordern 1990, pp. 41–42.
- ↑ "Government of Andrievs Niedra". Military Heritage Tourism. n.d. Retrieved 2022-12-24.
- ↑ "Persia/Iran".
- ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.40 20.41 "World War 1 casualties". 100letprve.si. n.d. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
- ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 21.16 21.17 21.18 21.19 21.20 21.21 21.22 21.23 21.24 21.25 21.26 21.27 21.28 21.29 21.30 21.31 Online Highways (n.d.). "World War I Participants". u-s-history.com. Retrieved 2021-10-20.
- ↑ The Outbreak of WWI - How Europe Spiraled Into the GREAT WAR - Week 1. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 How World War I Started: Crash Course World History 209. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The Outbreak of WWI - How Europe Spiraled Into the GREAT WAR - Week 1. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ How World War I Started: Crash Course World History 209. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Archdukes, Cynicism, and World War I: Crash Course World History #36. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The World at War - The Ottoman Empire Enters The Stage I THE GREAT WAR Week 15. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The Forgotten Front - World War 1 in Libya I THE GREAT WAR - Week 69. Retrieved 2021-06-01 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Bulgaria Digs In At Doiran - The Final Blow Against The Senussi I THE GREAT WAR Week 133. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ "Portugal | International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1)". encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ↑ The Brusilov Offensive - The Arab Revolt I THE GREAT WAR Week 98. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Romania Joins The War I THE GREAT WAR Week 110. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Nivelle's Spring Offensive - Royal Conspiracy In Greece I THE GREAT WAR Week 131. Retrieved 2021-05-29 – via YouTube.
- ↑ Charming The Poles - The Central Powers Look For New Allies I THE GREAT WAR Week 120. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The Russian February Revolution 1917 I THE GREAT WAR Week 137. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The Tsar Abdicates - Baghdad Falls I THE GREAT WAR Week 138. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The United States Declares War on Germany I THE GREAT WAR Week 141. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
- ↑ The Russian October Revolution 1917 I THE GREAT WAR Week 172. Retrieved 2021-05-26 – via YouTube.
External links
- The Great War
- World War I casualties Archived 2021-02-02 at the Wayback Machine
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See also
- Allies of World War I
- Triple Entente
- Triple Alliance
- Central Powers
- Participants in World War II
- Casualties of World War I
Bibliography
- Hordern, C. (1990) [1941]. Military Operations East Africa: August 1914 – September 1916. I (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: HMSO. ISBN 978-0-89839-158-9. Search this book on

- Strachan, H. (2003) [2001]. The First World War: To Arms. I (pbk. ed.). Oxford: OUP. ISBN 978-0-19-926191-8. Search this book on

- Martin, Lawrence (2007). The treaties of peace, 1919–1923. 2. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3. Search this book on

- Oliveira Marques, António Henrique R. de (1991). Nova história de Portugal: Portugal da Monarquia para a República (in Portuguese). Editorial Presença. ISBN 9789722314206.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on

- Stiénon, C. (1917). La campagne anglo-belge de l'Afrique Orientale Allemande (in French). Paris:Berger-Levrault.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on

- Musgrave, George Clarke (1918). Under Four Flags for France. New York: D. Appleton & Company. OCLC 1157994. Search this book on

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