Qooro taag
| Qooro taag | |
|---|---|
| Location | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Date | Lua error in Module:WikidataIB at line 665: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Target | Dhulbahante civilians |
Attack type | Mass murder, looting |
| Weapon | Technicals |
| Deaths | 84 |
| Perpetrator | Somali National Movement wing |
| Assailants | Libaxo, Maxamad Daad, Isman Aweed Dacasle, and Arab Cilmi |
Qooro taag was a massacre of civilians that happened on the 18th and 19th of March, 1991, in the village of Bancadde a few miles west of Xudun, Somalia.
Background[edit]
Awdal[edit]
Whereas the qooro taag killings occurred to the east of SNM controlled territory, one month prior, massacres were also perpetrated on the 4th of February 1991 by SNM to the west of SNM controlled territory where the Gadabuursi tribe predominates. This incident occurred in the towns of Dilla and Borama wherein 780 people were killed in a 12-hour period including the mayor of Borama, Mahamud Maafuun, who was killed along with his family by being burned in their car.[1] The city of Dilla itself was also "completely destroyed".[2] Other figures argue that thousands had been killed in the Awdal province and 4 February is still commemorated in the region.[3]
Sool[edit]
The government led by Jaale Siad Barre collapsed in January 1991 resulting in anarchy in the south of the country. Markus Virgil Hoehne has speculated that the qooro taag killings may have been motivated by revenge due to previous actions by the Dhulbahante-dominated USP (United Somali Party).[4]
Peace agreements between SNM and western Harti (Dhulbahante / Warsangeli) were made in January 1991 in the villages of Oog and Yagoori (with Dhulbahante) and Erigabo (with Warsangeli) where return of stolen properties during the war, sharing of water wells and a ceasefire were negotiated. Nonetheless, besides the qooro taag incident in Bancadde, killing of unarmed Dhulbahante civilians also subsequently occurred in Daraweyne and Sanirgood.[5]
Incident[edit]
in a village called Bancadde to the west of Xudun,[6] 84 Dhulbahante civilians were killed during peace-time in a two-day period. The massacre's namesake occurred on the 19th of March 1991 when 30 nomadic and unarmed members of the Reer Jibril clan were massacred by an Somali National Movement (SNM) force during the second day of fasting for Ramadan. The force was led by SNM members Libaxo, Mahamad Ali Daad, Isman Aweed Dacasle and Arab Cilmi who claimed to come in peace for Ramadan festivities which led the locals to lay down their weapons. The etymology behind the name derives from qooro meaning penis, and taag meaning erect, which was conjured after most of the male corpses were found to have an erect manbulge, most likely due to the death erection phenomenon. The massacre occurred one day after the same group killed 8 and then 46 unarmed Naaleeye Axmed at the Dogoble water well in the nearby countryside.[4][7][8] The term taag can also be prefixed to contrast with the opposite gesture of peace in waqooye (northern Somali) culture, as with goc isu taag (wave/raise the napkin), which is similar to the white flag symboling ceasefires or peace in western cultures.[5]
Aftermath[edit]
Garaad Abdiqani, then the most senior authority figure in the Sool region, has confirmed that this massacre as well as several others were committed by SNM forces in Sool despite the existence of a peace treaty between Abdiqani and SNM. A physician from Las Anod has also confirmed that this event happened. The significance of these 1991 events is that some locals use it as a basis to oppose joining Somaliland secession.[4] One local news agency has described it as "Xasuuqii ugu xumaa", meaning the worst massacre to happen in the region.[7] In 2016, conflict resolutions through the usage of caaqils (clan elders) have been in place to mediate disputes in Bancadde in an area where the Dhulbahante and Isaaq tribes border one another.[9]
References[edit]
- ↑ http://boramanews.com/somali-news/item/5132-xasuuqii-snm-ee-borama-iyo-dila-oo-26jirsaday-maanta-snm-oo-taalo-geesinimo-hargeysa-looga-taagay-dadkii-ay-gumaadeen-oo-wax-xasuus-ah-loo-samaynin-maxaa-dhacay-4-2-1991kii
- ↑ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IfgxAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=dilla+borama+snm&source=bl&ots=cLy-5DZcsm&sig=ACfU3U2hf8PYMF0ZRsLg1C9Z6HiT8a0_eA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjG49epj9fgAhVlRhUIHfKBApk4ChDoATAJegQIBBAB#v=onepage&q=dilla%20borama%20snm&f=false
- ↑ http://allssc.com/2012/02/4-february-is-the-anniversary-of-genocide-in-dilla-and-borama-by-snm-by-suleiman-abdi-dugsiye/
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hoehne, Markus (2011). Political Orientations and Repertoires of Identification: State and Identity Formation in Northern Somalia.
On 18 March 1991, SNM/Habar Jeclo and Habar Yoonis forces came to the Sool region. There were 17 technicals of Habar Yoonis and one technical of Habar Jeclo. The Isaaq fighters killed eight Dhulbahante in the countryside and in small villages. The forces also looted the villages. On the same day 11 technicals of Habar Yoonis/Sacad Yoonis and one technical of Habar Jeclo/Reer Idle and one big truck full of men came to a watering place called Dogoble. The leader of these forces was called Libaxo. Here they killed 46 unarmed men from Dhulbahante/Naaleeye Axmed. They also stole their animals. On 19 March 1991 the force came to a place called Bancadde near Xudun, where Naaleeye Axmed/Reer Jibril reside. The people saw the big truck with the SNM flag and greeted the men. They thought they had come in peace. The technicals were in the back. The SNM fighters said: ‘We come in peace, lay down your weapons’. The men from Reer Jibril did so; then the technicals came and 30 Dhulbahante men were killed. The Isaaq also stole many camels. The last killings happened near a tree named qalloocato [crooked]. After the massacre the Isaaq renamed the place qooro tag (standing penis). When a man dies suddenly he has an erection. Now, if a Habar Yoonis hears this name [qooro tag] from a Dhulbahante he will run; he will fear revenge. (Interview with Fu’aad Aadan Cadde, Laascaanood, 05.11.2003)
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- ↑ 5.0 5.1 https://apd-somaliland.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Peace-in-Somaliland-an-indigenous-Approach-to-State-building-.pdf
- ↑ "Baaq ka soo baxay ururka Bancade iyo Karamaan Foundation oo ku wajahan wasaarada waxbarashada iyo tacliinta sare ee Somaliland". Salaan Media. 2014-11-21. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "SNM maalinta Ciidda maxay samayn doonaan? | allsanaag". Retrieved 2019-02-24.
- ↑ Hill, Martin JD. Daawo La'aanta: Beelaha Iaga tirada Badan yahay Soomaaliya ee La Illaawey. Minority Rights Group International, 2010.
- ↑ admin (2016-07-05). "Hargeisa: Xukuumadda Oo Shaacisay In Heshiis La Dhex Dhigay Laba Beelood Oo Dirir Ku Dhex Martay Gobolka Sool". Sagal News. Retrieved 2019-02-24.
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