Quran code

The term Quran code (also known as Code 19) refers to the claim that the Quranic text contains a hidden mathematically complex code. Advocates think that the code represents a mathematical proof of the divine authorship of the Quran and they also think that it can be used to identify orthographic errors within the Quranic text. Proponents of the Quran code claim that the Quran code is based on statistical procedures compared to the Bible code, which is ostensibly based on steganography. However, as with all numerology, this claim has not been confirmed by any independent mathematical or scientific institute. Critics see this claim as scientifically untenable.

History

In 1969, Rashad Khalifa, an Egyptian-American biochemist, began analyzing the separated letters of the Quran (also called Quranic initials or Muqattaʿat), and the Quran to examine certain sequences of numbers. In 1973 he published the book Miracle of the Quran: Significance of the Mysterious Alphabets, in which he describes the Quranic initials through enumerations and distributions.

Khalifa then claimed to have discovered a mathematical code in the Quran in 1974, which is based on the number 19. He wrote the book The Computer Speaks: God’s Message to the World, in which he thematizes this Quran code. For the existence of such a code, based on the number 19, he relies on Surah 74, verse 30: "Over it is nineteen,". The word "hidden" in the first verse of Surah 74 means, according to Khalifa, this hidden Quran code. In addition, the gematrical value of the Arabic word "wāḥid", which means "only, one", is 19. This word is mentioned exactly 19 times in relation to God.

The Basmala and the Quran

Proponents of this assumption often use certain word counts, checksums and cross sums to legitimize this code.

Edip Yüksel, a Turkish Quranistic author and colleague of Rashad Khalifa, makes the following claims in his book Nineteen: God’s Signature in Nature and Scripture (assuming that 9:128-129 does not belong to the Quran, see section Criticism):

• The Basmala (bismi ʾllāhi ʾr-raḥmāni ʾr-raḥīmi), the Quranic opening formula, which, with one exception, is at the beginning of every surah of the Quran, consists of exactly 19 letters.
• The first word of the Basmala, Ism (name), without contraction, occurs 19 times in the Quran (19×1). [Also no plural forms, or those with pronoun endings]
• The second word of the Basmala, Allah (God), occurs 2698 times (19×142).
• The third word of the Basmala, Rahman (Gracious), occurs 57 times (19×3).
• The fourth word of the Basmala, Rahim (Merciful), occurs 114 times (19×6).
• The multiplication factors of the words of the Basmala (1+142+3+6) give 152 (19×8).
• The Quran consists of 114 chapters (19×6).
• The total number of verses in the Quran including all unnumbered Basmalas is 6346 (19×334). The cross sum of 6346 is 19.
• Basmala appears 114 times (despite its absence in chapter 9, it appears twice in chapter 27); 114 is 19×6.
• From the missing Basmala in chapter 9 to the additional Basmala in chapter 27, there are exactly 19 chapters.
• The occurrence of the additional Basmala is in Surah 27:30. Adding this chapter number and the verse number gives 57 (19×3).

The separated letters in the Quran

Rashad Khalifa claims in his book The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World that the separated letters of the Quran, or so called Quranic Initials show patterns of 19 within the Quran's 29 initialised Surahs.

Quranic Gematria

Each Arabic letter can be assigned a specific numerical value, also called gematria:

Alif ا 1
Yā' 10 ي	Ṭā' 9 ط	Ḥā' 8 ح	Zāy 7 ز	Wāw 6 و	Hā' 5 ه	Dāl 4 د	Dschīm 3 ج	Bā' 2 ب
Qāf 100 ق	Sād 90 ص	Fā' 80 ف	ʿAin 70 ع	Sīn 60 س	Nūn 50 ن	Mīm 40 م	Lām 30 ل	Kāf 20 ك
Ghain 1000 غ	Zā' 900 ظ	Dād 800 ض	Dhāl 700 ذ	Chā' 600 خ	Thā' 500 ث	Tā' 400 ت	Schīn 300 ش	Rā' 200 ر

Abdullah Arik, a Quranistic author, uses this method in his book Beyond Probability: God's Message in Mathematics to analyze the Basmala gematrically. He gives various numerological arguments relying on these values to bolster his arguments.

Criticism

Criticism of these ideas typically follows standard critiques of numerology. Stochastic processes, in particular, explain the way that patterns of the sort being claimed arise in any large dataset.

There is also criticism from numerous Muslims regarding this claim. Among other things, Khalifa claimed that two verses in the Quran text, namely Surah 9, verse 128 and 129, were humanly added. He supports this claim by the hadith Sahīh al-Buchārī 7425, according to which Zaid ibn Thābit discovered the Quran verses 9:128-129 only at one person, namely Chuzaima al-Ansari, when he wanted to collect the Quran and its corresponding verses. Thus, Khalifa claims that the Quran has only 6346 verses instead of 6348. Because if you take these two verses into account, the result is, for example, 2699 for the occurrence of the word "Allah" and 115 for the word "Rahim", both of which are not multiples of 19.

He also claimed that the initial "Nūn" in Surah 68 should be spelled differently, namely "Nūn Wāw Nūn". This leads to 133 (19×7) nūns in Surah 68 instead of 132, which is not a multiple of 19. However, such a spelling for this initial has not yet been found in a Quranic manuscript.

His counting of the Alif and the Lām in accordingly initiated surahs are also questioned. Since the number of Alif in some words is controversial, this causes problems with the frequency of this letter in surahs that are initiated with this letter, among other things. One can find errors in counting the Lām in Surah 11 and 30 of Rashad Khalifa. In Surah 11, verse 70, Rashad Khalifa counts eight Lām, whereas there are nine Lām. In Surah 30, verse 21, Khalifa counts seven Lām, whereas there are eight Lām. Members of "Submission.org", a Quranistic website, therefore recounted these initials.

Bibliography

• Abdullah Arik (2012), Beyond Probability: God's Message in Mathematics, ICS Press
• Ahmed Deedat (1979), Al-Qur'an: The Ultimate Miracle, Library of Islam
• Bilal Philips (1987), Al Furqan Advertising Agency, ed., The Qur'an's Numerical Miracle: Hoax and Heresy (Quran code criticism)
• Edip Yüksel (2011), Nineteen: God’s Signature in Nature and Scripture, Brainbow Press, ISBN 978-0979671593
• Rashad Khalifa (1981), The Computer Speaks: God's Message to the World, Renaissance Productions International, ISBN 9780934894388
• José Argüelles (2002), Time and the Technosphere: The Law of Time in Human Affairs, Inner Traditions/Bear, ISBN 9781591438731
• Yvonne Haddad-Yazbeck (1994), Muslim Communities in North America, State University of New York Press, pp. 34-36, ISBN 9780791420195

External links

• Various hypothetical mathematical considerations regarding the Quran code
• Video presentation of certain aspects of Code 19
• "171 examples of the mathematical System"
• Critical Evaluation of the Quran code
• Code 19 criticism

References

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