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Reactions to the 2021 fall of Kabul

From EverybodyWiki Bios & Wiki


On 15 August 2021, the city of Kabul, the capital of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, was captured by Taliban forces during the 2021 Taliban offensive, concluding the War in Afghanistan that began in 2001. The Fall of Kabul provoked a range of reactions across the globe, including debates on whether to recognise the Taliban as the government of Afghanistan, on the humanitarian situation in the country, on the outcome of the War, and the role of military interventionism in world affairs.

Reactions from people in Afghanistan[edit]

Former Afghan president Hamid Karzai pressed publicly for a peaceful transition of power, promising he would remain in Kabul with his daughters.[1] At around 11:00 Afghan Time, President Ashraf Ghani released a statement saying that he had fled in an attempt to avoid a bloody battle and that "the Taliban have won with the judgement of their swords and guns".[2]

Afghan author Khaled Hosseini shared his concerns over the future of women's rights in Afghanistan,[3] and expressed his hope that the Taliban would not return to the "violence and cruelty" of the 1990s.[4] Ahmad Sarmast, director of the Afghanistan National Institute of Music, stated that the previous Taliban regime had turned Afghanistan into "a silent nation" and he feared the Taliban shutting the Institute down, which would make Afghanistan "a society without music, it would be a dead society."[5] Khalida Popal, former Afghanistan women's national football team captain, stated that "it’s traumatising for my generation to see history repeating itself."[6]

International governments[edit]

Africa[edit]

  • South Africa: The Department of International Relations and Cooperation (Dirco) stated that contact had been established with South African nationals stranded in Afghanistan through the South African High Commission to Pakistan, which is also responsible for diplomatic relations with Afghanistan, and that efforts to ensure their safety and provide consular assistance were underway. The South African government expressed concern at the plight of the thousands of Afghans displaced by the worsening security situation and called on "the authority in power to ensure that the rule of law, human rights and the safety of all Afghans and foreign nationals alike are protected", further calling on "all military and security groups" to exercise restraint and seek negotiations aiming toward the restoration of stability and legitimate government.[7]
  • Uganda: Kampala announced that they are willing to accept 2,000 Afghan refugees.[8]

Americas[edit]

US President Joe Biden discussing the Fall of Kabul with the National Security Council, 18 August 2021
  • Argentina: The Foreign Ministry called on all parties to restore order and open dialogue while urging the Taliban to respect human rights. The Foreign Ministry also urged the Taliban to allow those wishing to leave Afghanistan to do so and for humanitarian aid to reach the population.[9]
  • Brazil: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed concern about the growing instability not only in Afghanistan but in the whole Central Asian region. The country called for a rapid engagement of the UN Security Council, expressing total support for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA).[10]
  • Canada: The Canadian government announced that it would be suspending its embassy operations in Afghanistan.[11] An undisclosed number of soldiers from Canadian Special Operations Forces Command were dispatched to assist with the evacuation and closure of the embassy.[12] The Canadian Armed Forces also dispatched two C-130 Hercules and a C-17 Globemaster III to Kuwait to assist with the evacuations.[13] The Canadian government stated it would take in up to 20,000 Afghan refugees facing threats from the Taliban.[14]
  • United States: US President Joe Biden stated that the continuing presence of American troops in Afghanistan "would not have made a difference" if the Afghan military was unable to maintain control of the country.[15]

Asia[edit]

Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan said Afghans had "broken the shackles of slavery" while describing the Taliban's conquest of Kabul.
  • China: Foreign Minister Wang Yi has criticized the withdrawal of US-led NATO forces, urging them to withdraw in a "responsible and orderly manner".[16]
  • India: India has evacuated its ambassador and diplomatic staff in its Embassy in Kabul. The Indian government is also making arrangements for bringing back its nationals.[17]
  • Indonesia: The Indonesian government stated they are monitoring the situation in Afghanistan and stated readiness to evacuate 15 Indonesians in Afghanistan if needed.[18] The Indonesian Embassy in Kabul would be maintained.[19]
  • Iran: President Ebrahim Raisi said "American military defeat and its withdrawal must become an opportunity to restore life, security and durable peace in Afghanistan. Iran backs efforts to restore stability in Afghanistan and, as a neighbouring and brother nation, Iran invites all groups in Afghanistan to reach a national agreement."[20]
  • Kazakhstan: The Kazakh ministry of foreign affairs said that the embassy would continue operating in Kabul, noting that a small number of staff work at the embassy.[21] President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev stated that Kazakhstan would closely follow the development of events in Afghanistan and that measures would take place to ensure the safety of its citizens and diplomats within the country.[22]
  • Malaysia: The Malaysian High Commission in India (which is accredited to Afghanistan) has urged citizens remaining in Afghanistan to register with them and return to Malaysia. The High Commission also confirmed that it had helped a Malaysian national return home earlier in August. It also confirmed that two other Malaysian nationals working for an international relief organisation had opted to remain in Kabul.[23]
  • Nepal: Nepal has pleaded countries which had diplomatic presence in Afghanistan to assist it in repatriating its citizens in the country.[24]
  • Pakistan: The Pakistani foreign minister stated "concern over the deteriorating situation in Afghanistan" but said that Pakistan has no intention to close its embassy in Kabul.[citation needed] Prime Minister Imran Khan termed the events as breaking of "shackles of slavery" by Afghans.[25][26][27]
  • Philippines: The Philippines began repatriating its citizens on a mandatory basis from Afghanistan.[28] It also pledged that it would accept refugees from Afghanistan.[29]
  • Turkey: Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu said that "Turkey was in talks with all parties in Afghanistan, including the Taliban", and "views positively the messages the Islamist militants have sent since taking control of the country". The Ministry also said that the Turkish embassy in Kabul would continue to function and is not expected to close.[30]
  • Uzbekistan: The Uzbek government said that its embassy would continue working in Afghanistan with no plans in evacuating its ambassadors and that it would instead negotiate both with the remaining Afghan government and Taliban on the issues of refugees.[31]

Europe[edit]

UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson blamed the United States for the Taliban's rapid takeover of Afghanistan.
  • Austria: Austrian foreign minister, Alexander Schallenberg, warned that "conflict and instability in the region will sooner or later spill over to Europe".[15]
  • Denmark: Foreign Minister Jeppe Kofod said that Denmark would decide to temporarily close its embassy in Afghanistan, and that the situation in Kabul was serious, and that it would make an extra effort for those who have stood side by side with Denmark.[32]
  • Estonia: On 17 August, Prime Minister Kaja Kallas stated that "the chaos in Afghanistan continues to shock the democratic world" and indicated that the country was prepared to offer asylum to ten people.[33] On 19 August, the Estonian government increased the number of refugees it was willing to take in to 30.[34]
  • Finland: According to Minister for Foreign Affairs Pekka Haavisto, the Finnish Embassy in Kabul has been closed and all of its Finnish staff evacuated from Afghanistan.[35]
  • France: The French government announced that it would be holding an emergency defence council meeting on 16 August presided by President Emmanuel Macron to address the situation.[36] Minister of Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Yves Le Drian stated with the rapid deterioration of the situation in the country, the Ministry decided to move their embassy to Kabul airport, in order to proceed with the evacuation of the totality of French diplomats in the city.[37] The Minister of the Armed Forces Florence Parly by the demand of the French President Emmanuel Macron, sent a C130J and A400M of the French Air and Space Force to conduct the evacuation, with support of the French military based in the United Arab Emirates at Camp de la Paix.[38]
  • Ireland: The Taoiseach Micheál Martin stated on 16 August that he found the situation in Afghanistan "deeply worrying". He stated his support for a statement made by the UN secretary general which asked for restraint from the Taliban and stressed himself the need for all sides of the conflict to follow international law.[39]
  • Italy: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Defence sent a KC-767 of the Italian Air Force to proceed with the evacuation of Italian diplomats and citizens, along with many Afghan collaborators and their families. An envoy remains at Kabul airport protected by Carabinieri and an airbridge has been arranged.[40]
  • Norway: Norway announced that it is closing its embassy in Kabul and the Foreign Affairs Minister Ine Marie Eriksen Søreide said that "there’s been a major worsening of the security situation in Afghanistan that first and foremost affects the civilian population".[41]
  • Romania: On 14 August, as the situation in Afghanistan worsened, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Romania urged all Romanian citizens in Afghanistan to "leave the country immediately" and to avoid any trip to Afghanistan.[42] Two days later, on 16 August, the Prime Minister of Romania Florin Cîțu said there were still 35 Romanian citizens in Afghanistan and that a plane would be sent to take them back to Romania.[43]
  • Russia: The Russian embassy in Kabul stated that it would not evacuate or close the embassy, with a Taliban spokesperson guaranteeing the embassy's safety.[44] The Russian government further stated that talks were underway to hold an emergency U.N. Security Council meeting to discuss the situation.[45]
  • Spain: The Spanish government is preparing to evacuate the Afghans who worked for Spain's military and civilian operations and European Union missions. The Spanish Air Force already has an A400M transport plane ready to pick up the evacuees in Kabul as soon as the command is issued, which should come no later than 30 August.[46] The interior ministry will "process" any application for international protection made by Afghan translators and others who worked for Spanish forces after they arrive in Spain, rather than refugee status.[47]
  • Sweden: Ann Linde, Swedish minister for foreign affairs, stated that the collapse of the Afghan government had "gone much faster than anyone had expected".[48] Public broadcaster Sveriges Radio further reported that the Swedish embassy was evacuating its staff.[49]
  • Ukraine: President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that 80 people including Afghan citizens themselves whom applied for refugee status were evacuated from Afghanistan, citing that "Ukraine will always come to the aid of its citizens, no matter what happens in the world."[50] The ministry of foreign affairs urged any of the remaining Ukrainians whom feel unsafe to contact the ministry or the embassies in the neighbouring countries of Tajikistan or Pakistan.[51][52]
  • United Kingdom: Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced that he would be recalling parliament to debate the situation.[53] In the afternoon of 15 August, an emergency COBR meeting was held, followed by a public statement from Johnson where he stated that the situation was "extremely difficult" and that "we've known for a long time this was the way things would go".[54] Johnson further stated that the international community should not recognise the Taliban government and that it was necessary to "prevent Afghanistan lapsing back into being a breeding ground for terror".[55]
  •   Vatican City: Pope Francis expressed his concern over the conflict in Afghanistan and called for dialogue so that the "battered population" can live in peace.[56]

Oceania[edit]

  • Australia: The Australian government deployed 250 soldiers and three aircraft to aid in evacuations. However, Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison stated that "despite our best efforts, I know that support won’t reach all that it should" and Minister of Defence Peter Dutton stated that "we won’t be landing aircraft into the airport until it’s safe to do so".[57] Morrison, Dutton and Foreign Minister Marise Payne also called on the Taliban to "cease all violence against civilians and adhere to international humanitarian law and the human rights all Afghans are entitled to expect, in particular women and girls."[58]
  • New Zealand: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern and New Zealand Defence Force chief Air Marshal Kevin Short have announced that New Zealand would deploy 40 troops to evacuate 53 New Zealanders and 37 Afghans who had worked for the NZ military along with their nuclear families.[59][60][61]

International organisations[edit]

The World Food Programme stated that as many as 14 million Afghans could face a food crisis after the Taliban victory, as Afghanistan was suffering a severe drought simultaneously to the political turmoil and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in Afghanistan.[62] UNESCO released a statement calling for "the preservation of Afghanistan’s cultural heritage in its diversity" and for measures to be taken to "protect cultural heritage from damage and looting."[63] Unicef representative (Sam Mort) was cautiously hopeful that the organisation's relatively new arrangement with the Taliban to develop girls education could be retained.[64]

Reactions from the international public[edit]

International protests[edit]

Solidarity protests calling for NATO governments to do more to solve the humanitarian crisis and to oppose the Taliban were held in several countries, including the United States, Turkey, Bulgaria, Spain, and France.[66][67] Small protests were held in several Canadian cities in the week after the fall, including Mississauga, Montréal, and Calgary.[68][69][70] A solidarity protest was also held by Afghans stuck in the Kara Tepe refugee camp on Lesbos, Greece.[71]

Human rights[edit]

Nobel laureate Malala Yousafzai, who had survived a Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan assassination attempt in Pakistan in 2012, stated that she was in "complete shock" and was "deeply worried about women, minorities and human rights advocates."[72]

Human Rights Watch stated that "standing beside Afghan women in their struggle, and finding tools to pressure the Taliban and the political will to do so, is the least—the very least—the international community could do."[73] Amnesty International stated that the situation was "a tragedy that should have been foreseen and averted" and called for governments to "take every necessary measure to ensure the safe passage out of Afghanistan for all those at risk of being targeted by the Taliban."[74] Médecins Sans Frontières stated that it was "concerned about access to healthcare for everyone" and that "our teams are staying put, providing essential medical care to people across the country."[75] Reporters Without Borders stated that the Taliban pledge not to target journalists with reprisals "clearly suffers from a lack of credibility because the Taliban have an appalling record in this regard" and that "around 100 media outlets have stopped operating since the Taliban’s rapid advance began."[76]

In the 2021 Fall of Kabul after American troops withdrawal, and the fear to women and girls, caused by the Taliban takeover of government, CARE International's deputy country director, Marianne O'Grady said CARE were continuing their work, and was reported as saying that 'you cannot uneducate millions of people' and that if women did go 'back behind walls' they would educate their 'neighbours, cousins and own children' despite Taliban rule.[77] Sam Mort, said Unicef work was also continuing in the country.[64]

Outcome of the War in Afghanistan[edit]

Many commentators argued that the Fall of Kabul meant that NATO had lost the War in Afghanistan.[78][79][80]

Former Canadian Chief of the Land Staff Andrew Leslie stated that "where we are now is failure. There’s no doubt about it."[81] Mikhail Gorbachev, the leader of the Soviet Union who had overseen the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1988, argued that "NATO and the United States should have admitted failure earlier" and that the NATO campaign in Afghanistan was "a failed enterprise from the start" which was founded on "the exaggeration of a threat and poorly defined geopolitical ideas."[82]

Some public figures, however, defended the War in Afghanistan. Former Australian Prime Minister John Howard argued that "we’ve got to remember since we went into Afghanistan there is no evidence that a major terrorist attack has been orchestrated out of Afghanistan."[83] Michael E. O'Hanlon of the Brookings Institution and former American marine Amy McGrath argued that the War "made a major and positive difference for U.S. security" and that it "clearly demonstrated America’s will and readiness to fight in defense of its values and its security."[84]

The Guardian has reported a mood of "disappointment and despair" among UK soldiers and veterans over the collapse.[85] American veterans of the War also expressed similar sentiments, with the American Department of Defense announcing that it would be offering mental health services to those veterans.[86][87]

Kabul Airport evacuations[edit]

U.S. Marines with SP-MAGTF-CR-CC assisting the Kabul airlifts, 20 August 2021

The organisation of the evacuation from Kabul Airport was criticised by many. Admiral Chris Barrie, retired Chief of the Defence Force of Australia, criticised the organisation of the evacuations, stating that "we’ve just left it far too late" and predicting reprisals from the Taliban.[88] Former deputy NATO senior civilian representative in Afghanistan Mark Jacobson stated that NATO governments "clearly didn't think that there might be 100,000 people that needed to get out."[89] Former Canadian general Rick Hillier, who commanded the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan in 2004, called for NATO forces to go outside of the airport to find and escort vulnerable people to evacuations, arguing that "it will be impossible for the vast majority of them to get to Kabul airport and get on a plane."[90]

Not Left Behind, a Canadian group advocating to help Afghans who had worked with Canadian forces to resettle in Canada, stated that "I think that all Western countries that played a role in Afghanistan have a responsibility to step up and support the humanitarian impact of our actions in those countries."[91]

Role of NATO in world affairs[edit]

The collapse has provoked debates about the role of NATO and NATO militaries in world affairs.[92] Journalist Owen Jones argued that "Britain has not had a foreign policy independent of the United States since the 1950s" and that "if historians of the future wish to understand the ignorance and hubris that accompanied the decline of the west’s power, this week’s emergency parliamentary debate on Afghanistan will provide an insightful case study."[93] Journalist Simon Jenkins argued that the responsibility to protect doctrine that arose after the end of the Cold War led to a decline in UN authority "and the UN gave way to the US as a self-declared policeman."[94] The Guardian reported that senior UK civil servants were admitting in Whitehall meetings that they had little intelligence capacity in Afghanistan beyond that provided to them by the US.[95]

American interventionism came under particular scrutiny.[96][97][98] Jon Alterman of the Center for Strategic and International Studies argued that "the stories that will resonate overseas are the stories of Afghans who once cast their lot with the United States and now find themselves cast aside."[99] Robert Manning of the Atlantic Council argued that "before the next U.S. missionary adventure, we should consider the cost in global credibility of the terrible U.S. foreign policy legacy of failed interventions" but that "betting against U.S. resilience is not wise."[100] Torek Farhadi, former advisor to Hamid Karzai, argued that "nobody knows what the U.S. was doing in Afghanistan for the past 10 years" and that "the U.S. tolerated corruption in Afghanistan. The American public was too remote from this to really know what is going on."[101]

State-run media in China compared the situation in Afghanistan to the United States' relations with Taiwan. It questioned the former's commitment to defend the latter if China decides to take control of Taiwan, which it claims to be its province, by force.[102]

Impact on international governments[edit]

In the UK, Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab faced calls to resign after it was revealed he had gone on holiday to Greece just prior to the fall and had refused attempts to contact him as developments occurred.[103] On 18 August, British Prime Minister Boris Johnson told the House of Commons that there would not be an official inquiry into the UK's role in the war.[104] On 21 August, The Guardian reported that the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament was likely to launch its own inquiry into UK intelligence assessments of the situation.[105]

The American government, led by president Joe Biden, also faced significant domestic criticism.[106][107][108][109] Former American presidents George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump, each of whom had overseen significant developments in the War in Afghanistan, also faced criticism.[110] Opinion polls recorded a 7% drop in approval ratings for Biden's presidency in the week of the fall.[111]

The 2021 Canadian federal election campaign began on the same day as the fall.[112] The Canadian response to the crisis became a notable issue in the first few days of the campaign.[113][114] On 18 August, Green Party of Canada leader Annamie Paul called for an emergency recall of Parliament to debate the crisis.[115] NDP leader Jagmeet Singh argued that the government should have focused on addressing the crisis, as well as other simultaneously occurring crises such as the 2021 Haiti earthquake, instead of calling an election.[116][117]

Responses to potential migrant crisis[edit]

Evacuated Afghan nationals at Ramstein Air Base, 20 August 2021

Various news sources including The New York Times,[118] CBS News,[119] the Financial Times[120] and Reuters[121] noted that European governments were less supportive of taking in refugees from Afghanistan than they had been of Syrian refugees in 2015. Florian Bieber of the University of Graz argued that there has been "a shift since 2015 to the far right when it comes to issues of asylum and refugees" and that European politicians "have reduced the collapse of 20 years of international nation building and a devastating tragedy for women’s rights and human rights down to just one question: how to get Afghan asylum seekers back to their country and keep new ones out."[122]

Greece put its border forces on alert to block any migration and installed a 40km-long wall on its border with Turkey.[121][123] Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan declared that Turkey would not become "Europe's migrant storage unit."[124] French President Emmanuel Macron stated that France needed to "anticipate and protect itself from a wave of migrants".[125] The Australian government announced it would only be taking in 3000 refugees and that it would "not be offering a pathway to permanent residency or citizenship."[126] UK Home Secretary Priti Patel argued that the UK "cannot accommodate 20,000 all in one go."[127]

Macron and European Commissioner for Home Affairs Ylva Johansson additionally proposed cooperation with Afghanistan's neighbours so that refugees would stay there.[118] On 20 August, the government of Uzbekistan deported 150 refugees to Afghanistan.[128]

Despite anti-refugee sentiment expressed by politicians and governments, refugee charities in the UK saw a significant surge in donations following the fall of Kabul.[129] Karen Musalo of the University of California, Hastings College of the Law argued that the US could take in 150 000 Afghan refugees, pointing to the number of refugees the US took in after the Vietnam War, and arguing that "given the history of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan, Americans have a duty not only to help such vulnerable Afghans but also to lead other nations to do the same."[130]

Representatives from a number of British media outlets released an open letter calling for the British government to offer asylum to Afghan journalists.[131] French newspaper Le Monde published an editorial arguing that granting asylum to Afghans "isn't just a question of our humanity, it's our duty" and denouncing anti-refugee sentiment being stoked ahead of the 2022 French presidential election.[132]

Opinion polls[edit]

  • An Associated Press poll conducted between 12 and 16 August found that 62% of Americans believed the War in Afghanistan was not worth fighting.[133]
  • A YouGov Daily Question poll conducted on 19 August found that 33% of Brits though Raab should resign as Foreign Secretary over his handling of the situation, while only 25% thought he should stay in the position.[134]
  • A Morning Consult poll conducted between 16 and 19 August found that 53% of Americans approved of the decision to withdraw and that 43% believed that Biden held a great deal of responsibility for the fall.[135]
  • An Opinium/Observer poll conducted between 19 and 20 August found that 48% of Brits opposed the decision to withdraw American troops from Afghanistan, 43% supported a dedicated refugee programme for Afghans, and 51% still supported the original decision to invade Afghanistan in 2001.[136]

References[edit]

  1. ↑ Bose, Saikat Kumar (15 August 2021). "In Video With Daughters, Afghanistan's Hamid Karzai Appeals To Taliban". NDTV.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ "Taliban has won, says Afghan President Ghani as militants enter Kabul". Deccan Herald. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ "Taliban Systematically Terrorised Women, Says Afghani Writer Khaled Hosseini". News18. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ "'Kite Runner' author on the Taliban takeover: 'Hard to describe how devastating it is'". American Voices. MSNBC. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ "Afghan orchestras in peril: 'I cannot imagine a society without music'". the Guardian. 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  6. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/football/2021/aug/20/khalida-popal-afghanistan-womens-football-team-built-to-fight-taliban-ideology
  7. ↑ "Dirco in bid to aid stranded South Africans after Taliban seizes control of Afghanistan". Independent Online. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  8. ↑ Atuhaire, Patience (18 August 2021). "Taliban takeover: Uganda to take in 2,000 Afghan refugees". BBC News. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ "Situación en Afganistán". www.cancilleria.gob.ar (in español). Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  10. ↑ "Situação no Afeganistão". gov.br/mre (in português). 16 August 2021.
  11. ↑ "Canada suspends operations at embassy in Afghanistan, citing safety concerns". CTVNews. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  12. ↑ Gilles, Rob (12 August 2021). "Official: Canada sending forces to close Afghan embassy". apnews.com. The Associated Press. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  13. ↑ Fife, Robert; Chase, Chase (16 August 2021). "Canada working 'closely' with allies on evacuation from Kabul amid 'extremely fluid' situation, Trudeau says". www.theglobeandmail.com. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  14. ↑ "Canada to Take in 20,000 Afghan Refugees Targeted by Taliban". www.voanews.com. Voice of America. 13 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "World reacts as Taliban closes in on Afghan capital". Al Jazeera. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  16. ↑ "China: Collective Efforts Required to Contain Afghan Insecurity 'Spillover' | Voice of America - English". www.voanews.com. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  17. ↑ "Indian Government statement on situation in Afghanistan". Ministry of External Affairs. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  18. ↑ "Indonesia Pantau Eskalasi di Afghanistan, Siap Evakuasi 15 WNI" [Indonesia Monitors Escalation in Afghanistan, Ready to Evacuate 15 Indonesian Citizens] (in Bahasa Indonesia). Sindonews. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  19. ↑ "Taliban Kuasai Afghanistan, Pemerintah Belum Berencana Tutup KBRI di Kabul" [Taliban Controls Afghanistan, Government Yet to Plan Closing Indonesian Embassy in Kabul]. Berita Satu (in Bahasa Indonesia). 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  20. ↑ "Iran says U.S. "failure" in Afghanistan a chance for durable peace". Reuters. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  21. ↑ "Казахстанское посольство продолжает работать в Кабуле – МИД". Tengrinews.kz (in русский). 14 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  22. ↑ "Kazakh President Holds Special Meeting on Afghanistan". The Astana Times. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  23. ↑ "Two M'sians currently in Afghanistan, says Malaysia's High Commission in India". The Star. 18 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  24. ↑ "Nepal calls for evacuation of at least 1,500 Nepalis in Afghanistan". Reuters. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  25. ↑ "PM Imran talks about overpowering 'shackles of slavery' at Single National Curriculum launch". Dawn. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  26. ↑ "Afghans have broken 'shackles of slavery': Pakistan PM Imran Khan". The Hindu. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ Muzaffar, Maroosha (17 August 2021). "Taliban have broken 'the shackles of slavery,' says Pakistan PM Imran Khan". The Independent. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  28. ↑ Del Callar, Michaela (16 August 2021). "Philippines orders mandatory evacuation of Filipinos in Afghanistan". GMA News. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  29. ↑ "Philippines willing to accept refugees from Afghanistan". Rappler. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  30. ↑ "Turkey welcomes Taliban statements since their takeover in Afghanistan". Reuters. 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  31. ↑ "O'zbekistonning Kobuldagi elchixonasi va Mozori Sharifdagi konsulligi faoliyatini davom ettirmoqda — TIV". Газета.uz (in oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча). 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  32. ↑ Udenrigsministeriet. "Regeringen S V SF RV EL KF LA KD og AA enige om nye stoettetiltag" [The government (S), V, SF, RV, EL, KF, LA, KD and Å agree on new support measures for endangered Afghan local employees with Danish connections]. Udenrigsministeriet (in dansk). Retrieved 2021-08-19. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  33. ↑ https://news.err.ee/1608309560/kallas-estonia-can-take-up-to-10-refugees-from-afghanistan
  34. ↑ https://news.err.ee/1608312296/estonia-to-accept-up-to-30-afghan-refugees
  35. ↑ "Haavisto: Kabul Embassy closed, 18 Finns evacuated, 170 Afghans to be brought to Finland". Yle Uutiset News. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.
  36. ↑ DIRECT. Afghanistan : Emmanuel Macron s’exprimera lundi soir, annonce l’Elysée Archived 15 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine. 15 August 2021.
  37. ↑ "Afghanistan - Communiqué de M. Jean-Yves Le Drian (15 août 2021)". diplomatie.gouv.fr (in français). 15 August 2021.
  38. ↑ "Ministre des Armées Florence Parly". Twitter @florence_parly (in français). 15 August 2021.
  39. ↑ Clarke, Vivienne; Bray, Jennifer; Leahy, Pat (16 August 2021). "Taoiseach 'deeply concerned' about events in Afghanistan". The Irish Times. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  40. ↑ "Afghanistan, atterrato volo di rimpatrio da Kabul". ansa.it (in italiano). 16 August 2021.
  41. ↑ "Norway closing its embassy in Kabul". newsinenglish.no. Retrieved 13 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  42. ↑ "Mesajul MAE pentru românii din Afganistan: "Părăsiți imediat țara" / România a rămas fără ambasadă în Kabul după atentatul din 2019". HotNews (in română). 14 August 2021.
  43. ↑ "Florin Cîțu: În acest moment mai sunt 35 de cetățeni români în Afganistan. Am vorbit cu președintele să trimitem un avion". Digi24 (in română). 16 August 2021.
  44. ↑ "No need for evacuation of Russian embassy in Kabul, says mission". TASS. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  45. ↑ "Russia says emergency UN meeting on Afghanistan is planned". The Moscow Times. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  46. ↑ González, Miguel (12 August 2021). "Spain prepares to evacuate Afghans who worked with Spanish military and aid agencies". EL PAÍS. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  47. ↑ France-Presse, Agence (14 August 2021). "Spain starts repatriating personnel, citizens from Kabul embassy". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  48. ↑ Radio, Sveriges. "Utrikesminister Linde: "Har gått mycket fortare än väntat" – Nyheter (Ekot)". sverigesradio.se. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  49. ↑ "Sweden to evacuate all personnel from Kabul embassy on Sunday – Swedish Radio". news.trust.org. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  50. ↑ "Ukraine evacuates almost 80 people from Afghanistan – Zelensky". www.ukrinform.net. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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  52. ↑ "Blame on Biden? UK PM Johnson says US decision to pull out of Afghanistan 'accelerated' events". The Week. 16 August 2021.
  53. ↑ "Boris Johnson to recall parliament over Afghanistan crisis". the Guardian. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  54. ↑ "No one wants Afghanistan to become 'breeding ground for terror' – PM". BBC News. 15 August 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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  61. ↑ "Pakistan divided over success of Taliban in Afghanistan". The Guardian. 17 August 2021.
  62. ↑ https://thehill.com/policy/international/middle-east-north-africa/568677-14m-face-severe-hunger-in-afghanistan-amid
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  66. ↑ "'Biden, You Betrayed Us': Afghan Americans protest in D.C." New York Times. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  67. ↑ Courvasier, Marie (19 August 2021). "Afghanistan. Un rassemblement de soutien vendredi à Nantes". Ouest-France. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  68. ↑ Brown, Desmon (15 August 2021). "Dozens gather in Mississauga in solidarity with the people of Afghanistan". CBC News. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  69. ↑ https://globalnews.ca/news/8129972/afghan-montrealers-protest-taliban-regime/
  70. ↑ https://globalnews.ca/news/8127016/calgary-afghanistan-taliban-protest/
  71. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/photos/afghanistan-supporters-rally-against-taliban-around-the-world-1.6148084
  72. ↑ Murray, Jessica (16 August 2021). "Malala Yousafzai 'deeply worried' as Taliban take control in Afghanistan". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  73. ↑ "The Fragility of Women's Rights in Afghanistan". Human Rights Watch. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  74. ↑ "International community must avert further tragedy in Afghanistan". www.amnesty.org. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  75. ↑ https://www.msf.org/medical-needs-urgent-ever-afghanistan-after-taliban-takeover
  76. ↑ https://rsf.org/en/news/taliban-tell-rsf-they-will-respect-press-freedom-how-can-we-believe-them
  77. ↑ Karam, Zeina; Seir, Ahmed (13 August 2021). "Afghan women fear return to 'dark days' amid Taliban sweep". Daily Herald. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  78. ↑ "A Political Scientist on Why the U.S. Lost in Afghanistan". Time. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  79. ↑ "We lost the war in Afghanistan long ago". Washington Post. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  80. ↑ "Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, the Islamic State:western intervention is a catalogue of failure". The Guardian. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
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  82. ↑ "Gorbachev, who pulled Soviets from Afghanistan, says U.S. campaign was doomed from start". Reuters. 17 August 2021. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021 – via NBC News. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  83. ↑ Zaczek, Zoe (August 19, 2021). "John Howard says Australia's Afghanistan mission was "not a failure", claims Us "too hasty" pullin out". Sky News.
  84. ↑ McGrath, Amy; O'Halon, Michael (August 15, 2021). ""Forever war" in Afghanistan not a failure as Taliban claims capitol". Retrieved https://eu.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2021/08/15/forever-war-afghanistan-not-failure-taliban-fewer-terror-attacks/8142617002/. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  85. ↑ Vinter, Robyn (19 August 2021). "'It's shameful': largest British army garrison in despair over Afghanistan". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  86. ↑ Ordenez, Victor; Yang, Allie (August 19, 2021). "Afghanistan veterans, families in crisis after country's shocking, rapid fall". ABC News.
  87. ↑ O'Donnel, Norah; Morse, Julie (August 18, 2021). ""It's like your heart being torn out": Veterans of the war in Afghanistan reflect on the fall of Kabul and two decades of war". CBS News.
  88. ↑ "Coalition accused of being too slow to organise evacuation mission to Afghanistan". the Guardian. 16 August 2021. Archived from the original on 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  89. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/afghanistan-biden-troops-withdrawal-1.6143848
  90. ↑ https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/first-military-flight-kabul-1.6148162
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  92. ↑ Carton Ash, Timothy (August 19, 2021). "After this Saigon momement, what if the U.S. never comes back?". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  93. ↑ Jones, Owen (August 19, 2021). "Even the crisis in Afghanistan can't break the spell of Britain's delusional foreign policy". The Guardian. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  94. ↑ Jenkins, Simon (August 20, 2021). "The west's nation-building fantasy is to blame for the mess in Afghanistan". The Guardian. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
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  98. ↑ https://www.teenvogue.com/story/afghanistan-crisis-us-foreign-intervention
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  102. ↑ Birtles, Bill (17 August 2021). "Beijing used Afghanistan to mock America. It also gave them clues about how a potential war would play out". ABC News. Archived from the original on 17 August 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  103. ↑ Allegretti, Aubrey; Elgot, Jessica; Walker, Peter; Weaver, Matthew (19 August 2021). "Dominic Raab 'refused to be contacted' in days before Afghanistan fell". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 20 August 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  104. ↑ "UK PM rejects Afghanistan inquiry as MPs debate Taliban takeover". Al Jazeera. 18 August 2021. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  105. ↑ Mason, Rowena (August 21, 2021). "UK security watchdog could demand access to intelligence on Afghan crisis". The Guardian. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  106. ↑ Strauss, Daniel (August 20, 2021). ""Move heaven and earth" pressure on Biden to speed up visas for Afghans who helped US". The Guardian. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  107. ↑ Collinson, Stephen (August 16, 2021). "Joe Biden's botched Afghanistan exit is a disaster at home and abroad long in the making". CNN. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  108. ↑ Roberts, Williams (August 20, 2021). "As US "abandons" Afghans, military veterans feel anger, confusion". Al Jazeera. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  109. ↑ Carney, Jordan (August 18, 2021). "Biden finds few Capitol Hill allies amd Afghanistan backlash". The Hill. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  110. ↑ Lutz, Eric (August 16, 2021). "Joe Biden's Disastrous Afghanistan Exit is in Keeping with American Tradition". Vanity Fair. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  111. ↑ Rakich, Nathaniel (August 20, 2021). "What Americans Think About The End of the Afghanistan War and Biden's Handling Of It So Far". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  112. ↑ "What does Afghanistan mean for Canada - and the election?". Toronto Sun. August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  113. ↑ Emmanuel, Rachel (August 17, 2021). "Afghanistan dominates on Day 3 of Canada's election campaign". iPolitics. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  114. ↑ Snyder, Jesse (August 16, 2021). "Opposition leaders vow to press Trudeau on Afghanistan during campaign as Taliban overtakes Kabul". National Post. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  115. ↑ Neustoater, Brooklyn (August 18, 2021). "Green Leader Annamie Paul's push for "emergency recall" of Parliament not possible, experts say". CTV News. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  116. ↑ [https://globalnews.ca/video/8114222/singh-says-trudeau-shouldve-focused-on-afghanistan-haiti-instead-of-calling-an-election/
  117. %5b%5b#cite_ref-117|↑%5d%5d https://globalnews.ca/video/8113774/questions-raised-about-timing-of-canadian-election-call-amid-afghanistan-crisis/ "Singh says Trudeau should've focused on Afghanistan, Haiti instead of calling an election"] Check |url= value (help). Global News. August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 21, 2021. line feed character in |url= at position 132 (help)
  118. ↑ 118.0 118.1 Bennhold, Katrin; Erlanger, Steven (18 August 2021). "Why Europe's Leaders Say They Won't Welcome More Afghan Refugees". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  119. ↑ Ott, Haley (19 August 2021). "As Afghanistan crisis worsens, Europe adopts less welcoming stance towards refugees". CBS News. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  120. ↑ Chazan, Guy (20 August 2021). "European leaders fear repeat of 2015 crisis with Afghan refugees". FInancial Times. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
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  126. ↑ Clarke, Tyrone (August 18, 2021). "Morrison government comes under fire for its "wholly insufficient" planned Afghan visa intake". Sky News Australia. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
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  132. ↑ "L'asile pour les Afghans persécutés, un droit et un devoir". Le Monde. 19 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  133. ↑ Fox, Ben (August 19, 2021). "Afghanistan war unpopular amid chaotic pullout: AP-NORC poll". AP News. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  134. ↑ "Do you think Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab should resign or remain in his role?". YouGov. 20 August 2021. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 20 August 2021. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  135. ↑ Yokley, Eli (August 19, 2021). "Voters Blame Biden and Those in Afghanistan for Country's Chaos More Than Trump and His Predecessors". Morning Consul. Retrieved August 21, 2021.
  136. ↑ https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/21/half-of-britons-think-us-troop-withdrawal-from-afghanistan-was-wrong


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