Resisting AI: An Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence
Resisting AI: An Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence is a book on artificial intelligence (AI) by Dan McQuillan, published in 2022 by Bristol University Press.
Synopsis
Mc Quillan's Resisting AI[1] contrasts optimistic vision about AI's potential by arguing that AI may instead best be seen as a continuation and reinforcement of bureaucratic forms of discrimination, violence, ultimately fostering authoritarian outcomes.[2] For the author, even beyond their area of application, AI's promise of objective calculability is antithetical to an egalitarian and just society.[3][4]
Main
The author uses the expression ‘AI violence’ to describe how various actors can inflict damage or discriminate categories of people from accessing jobs, loans, medical care or other benefits based on opaque proprietary algorithms.
The analysis goes beyond the known critique of AI systems fostering precarious labour markets, addressing necropolitics, the politics of who is entitled to live, and who to die.[2]
Although the author offers a brief history of machine learning at the beginning of the book - with its need for 'hidden and undercompensated labour',[5] he is concerned more with the social impacts of AI rather than with its technical aspects.[6][5] The author sees AI as a continuation of existing bureaucratic systems that already marginalize vulnerable groups - aggravated by the fact that AI systems trained on existing data are liklely to reinforce existing discrimination, e.g. in attempting to optimize welfare distribution based on existing data patterns.[6]
AI can support the diffusion of states of exception:
AI has an inbuilt tendency toward creating partial states of exception. AI is not only a technology that is impossible to properly regulate but a mechanism for multiplying exceptions more widely. (p. 75)[1]
An example of a scenario where AI systems of surveillance could bring discrimination to a new high is the initiatives to create LGBT-free zones in Poland (p- 76–77)[1].[6]
Skeptical of ethical regulations to control the technology, Mc Quillan suggests people's councils and workers’ councils, and other forms of citizens agency to resist AI.[6] A chapter entitled 'Post-machine Learning' makes an appeal for resistance via currents of thought from Feminist science (standpoint theory), Post-normal science (Extended Peer Communities), and New materialism. Among the virtuous example of resistance - to be possibly adopted by the AI workforce - Mc Quillan notes (p. 126,141[1]) the Lucas Plan of the workers of Lucas Aerospace Corporation,[7] where a workforce declared reduntant took control reorienting the production toward useful product.[8]
Notwithstanding the ‘fascist’ in the title of the work, the author notes[8] that he does not say that AI is fascist, but that this emerging technology of control may end to being deployed by fascist or authoritarian regimes. On the critical side, more than one review[3][6] points to a partial disconnect between the broad social critique of the work and its anchoring to the workings of AI.
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 McQuillan, D. (2022). Resisting AI: An Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence, Bristol University Press.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Rossi, N. (2022, July 12). Resisting AI - A Review. Retrieved from https://orwellsociety.com/resisting-ai-a-review/.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Selkälä, T. (2022). Healthily futile: a quest for a different AI. Justice, Power and Resistance, 5(3), 322–330.
- ↑ McKenna, B. (2023). Resisting artificial intelligence as we know it. Computer Weekly, 14–14.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Golumbia, David (October 1, 2023). "Resisting AI: An Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence, by Dan McQuillan". Critical AI. 1 (1–2). doi:10.1215/2834703x-10734967. Unknown parameter
|s2cid=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Stürmer, M., & Carrigan, M. (2023, November 16). Resisting AI: An Anti-fascist Approach to Artificial Intelligence – review. Retrieved from https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2023/11/16/resisting-ai-an-anti-fascist-approach-to-artificial-intelligence-review/
- ↑ "The Lucas Plan: How Greens and trade unionists can unite in common cause". Theecologist.org. 2 November 2016.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Klovig Skelton, S. (2023). AI interview: Dan McQuillan, critical computing expert. Computer Weekly. Retrieved from https://www.computerweekly.com/news/366537843/AI-interview-Dan-McQuillan-critical-computing-expert
Related readings
- Amoore, L. (2020). Cloud Ethics, Algorithms and the Attributes of Ourselves and Others, Duke University Press. Retrieved from Duke University Press - Cloud Ethics
- O’Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction : how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy, Random House Publishing Group.
- Salais, R. (2022). “La donnée n’est pas un donné”: Statistics, Quantification and Democratic Choice. In The New Politics of Numbers: Utopia, Evidence and Democracy, Andrea Mennicken and Rober Salais, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 379–415.
- Supiot, A. (2017). Governance by Numbers: The Making of a Legal Model of Allegiance, Hart Publishing.
- Teachout, Z. (2022). The Boss Will See You Now | Zephyr Teachout. New York Review of Books. Retrieved from The Boss Will See You Now | Zephyr Teachout
- Zuboff, S. (2019). The Age of Surveillance Capitalism : the fight for a human future at the new frontier of power, PublicAffairs.
External links
- Algorithmic Justice League
- Cardiff University: “Data Justice Lab”, School of Journalism, Media and Culture.
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