Sam Kriegman
| Sam Kriegman | |
|---|---|
 Sam_Kriegman.jpg | |
| Born | |
| 🏳️ Nationality | American |
| 🏳️ Citizenship | United States |
| 🎓 Alma mater | University of Vermont[1] |
| 💼 Occupation | |
| Known for | Xenobots[2] Self-replicating machines[3] |
Sam Kriegman is an American computer scientist and roboticist. He is known for creating the xenobots and discovering their ability to self-replicate, in both cases as lead author.[5][6][7]
He received his PhD in Computer Science from the University of Vermont[1] and conducted postdoctoral research in the biology department of Tufts University and Harvard University.[8][9]
His PhD research at the University of Vermont resulted in the creation of the world's first computer-designed organisms, which have become known in popular culture as the xenobots.[10][2][11][12] Whether xenobots are robots, organisms, or something else entirely remains a subject of debate among scientists.[13][14][15]
His postdoctoral research at Harvard University led to the discovery of kinematic biological replication.[16][17][3] This discovery was noteworthy in biology because it revealed a previously unknown (movement-based, rather than growth-based) form of replication in cellular clusters. In effect, this discovery proved that von Neumann replication does not require a separate description (an encoding formalized as a Turing "tape").
He is the recipient of the National Academy of Sciences' Cozzarelli Prize.[18] and is currently a professor at Northwestern University.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2020-2021 Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation Award Winners". University of Vermont. 2021-04-27.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Sokol, Joshua (2020-04-03). "Meet the Xenobots: Virtual Creatures Brought to Life". The New York Times.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Iati, Marisa (2021-11-30). "These living robots made of frog cells can now reproduce, study says". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "McCormick Faculty". Northwestern University. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ↑ Kriegman, Sam; Blackiston, Douglas; Levin, Michael; Bongard, Josh (13 January 2020). "A scalable pipeline for designing reconfigurable organisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (4): 1853–1859. doi:10.1073/pnas.1910837117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6994979 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 31932426. - ↑ Kriegman, Sam; Blackiston, Douglas; Levin, Michael; Bongard, Josh (7 December 2021). "Kinematic self-replication in reconfigurable organisms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 118 (49). doi:10.1073/pnas.2112672118. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ↑ Ball, Philip (25 February 2020). "Living robots". Nature Materials. 19 (3): 265. Bibcode:2020NatMa..19..265B. doi:10.1038/s41563-020-0627-6. PMID 32099110 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Morris, Andrea (2021-11-29). "AI Just Designed The World's First Living Robot That Can Make Babies". Forbes.
- ↑ Newman, Scott (2021-12-01). "Living robots made in a lab have found a new way to self-replicate, researchers say". NPR.
- ↑ "dictionary". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ↑ Hutson, Matthew (2021-12-16). "Scientists Create 'Living Machines' With Algorithms, Frog Cells". Bloomberg Businessweek.
- ↑ "Biological Robots May Soon Build You a Better Heart". Bloomberg Moonshot. 2021-06-03.
- ↑ Sample, Ian (2020-01-13). "Scientists use stem cells from frogs to build first living robots". The Guardian.
- ↑ "A research team builds robots from living cells". The Economist.
- ↑ "Meet Xenobot, an Eerie New Kind of Programmable Organism". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028.
- ↑ Rascoe, Ayesha (2021-12-05). "It's not science fiction. Scientists have really made robots that reproduce". NPR.
- ↑ Duncan, Jericka (2022-01-30). "Boston scientists create "robots" that are capable of reproduction". CBS Evening News.
- ↑ "PNAS Announces Six 2020 Cozzarelli Prize Recipients". National Academy of Sciences. 2021-03-15.
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