Sayyid Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi
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Pir Sain Sunnat Dhani Sayyid Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi | |
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| Personal | |
| Born | 13 January 1896 Pir Jhando, Pakistan |
| Died | September 28, 1939 (aged 43) |
| Religion | Islam |
| Parents | Sayyid Pir Rushdullah Shah (father) |
| Denomination | Ahl-i Hadith |
| Lineage | Husseini |
| Sect | Sunni Islam |
| Alma mater | Dar-ul-Rashad |
| Known for | Khilafat Movement of Sindh |
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Sayyid Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi (also spelt Ehsanullah, Urdu: سید احسان اللہ شاہ راشدی پیر جھنڈہ پنجم; 13 January 1896 – 28 September 1939, or 1313H Rajab 27 – 1358H Shaban 15 in the Islamic calendar), known as Pir of Jhando The Fifth, was an 20th century Islamic scholar known for his role in the Khilafat Movement of Sindh during the British Raj in Sindh, Pakistan, contributing to the socio-political landscape of the region together with his father, Sayyid Rushdullah Shah Rashdi, His advocacy extended to religious and socio-political causes, leaving a lasting impact on the historical narrative of Sindh[1]:1-12[2]
Early life and education[edit]
Born 13 January 1896 in Pir Jhando near Saeedabad Tehsil, Sindh, Sayyid Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi was the younger son of Pir Rushidullah Shah Rashdi.[1]:1 He studied at Madirsah Dar-ul-Rashad, established by his father.[3]:195
He received guidance from several influential teachers, including Muhammad Amin Matoor, Obaidullah Sindhi, Muhammad Laghari, Ilahi Bakhsh Riyasti of Bahawalpur, Ahmad Ali Lahori, and Muhammad Akram Ansari.[1]:1
Following his father's death in 1923, he was selected as the successor to lead the family and jamaat as their spiritual leader. He embraced works on tafsir, hadith, Al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, history, and various other fields of knowledge. He managed the library from 1923 to 1937.[1]
He gained recognition as a proficient scholar in the field of Al Rijal, Sanaullah Amritsari said about him that:
Today, if anyone is the Imam of Asma al-Rijal, it is Pir Ehsanullah Shah Rashidi.
Scholarly relations[edit]
Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi corresponded with a diverse constituency that extended beyond the Indian subcontinent, including letters to and from King Abdul Aziz, the Sultan of Saudi Arabia.[2]:41
When the king assumed governance over Mecca in 1924 and Medina in 1925 he initiated extensive efforts against practices deemed non-Islamic. His actions including the demolition of graves, tombs, and mausoleums across the country generated controversy and negative repercussions, particularly in the province of Sindh. Criticisms were directed towards the king and the scholars of Hijaz and Mecca. In response to these developments, Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi authored a booklet titled Imam Mubeen. The booklet, supported by clear evidence from Quranic verses, hadiths, and the teachings of the righteous predecessors, sought to demonstrate that King Abdul Aziz's actions were in accordance with divine law and the beliefs of the righteous predecessors. Multiple copies of the booklet were disseminated throughout Sindh to guide believers and counter potential misunderstandings. A handwritten copy of Imam Mubeen is preserved at Maktaba Rashidiyah.[1]:9
Role in Khilafat Movement[edit]
Shah Rashdi displayed an inclination towards politically infused religious activities. He actively engaged in the Khilafat Movement during its initiation in Sindh, playing a significant role in the resistance against the British Raj. On a notable occasion, as part of a considerable group, he approached a commissioner, vocally expressing support for the movement. When queried about their involvement, the response emphasised that Khilafat held intrinsic importance to their religious beliefs, with a focus on protecting holy places. The stance conveyed a willingness to remain passive if the government respected these sites but a commitment to vocal opposition if such places were not safeguarded.[1]:10
During the Khilafat Movement, his father and mentor Pir Rushdullah Shah Rashidi symbolically donated his sacred turban to the Angora Fund. The next day, after Friday prayer, Pir Rushdullah Shah's son, Pir Imam Shah, initiated an inquiry to identify the buyer of the turban. Ihsanullah Shah was revealed as the buyer, making a significant contribution. This incident underscores the united commitment of Muslims and their followers to the Khilafat Movement of Sindh.[1]:10
Family dispute[edit]
The death of his father Pir Rushdullah Shah Rashdi, Pir of Jhando, in 1922, was followed by a familial dispute between two of his sons, with backing from jamaat and relatives, Sayyid Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi was chosen as the successor. His father's siblings, Pir Siddique-ul-Rasoul Shah Rashdi, Pir Mahbub Shah Rashdi, and Pir Ismail Shah, were among those endorsing this decision.[1]:3 Legal proceedings regarding the associated property progressed to the Privy Council in London, which ruled in favour of another brother.[6]:56
Death[edit]
Sayyid Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi died on 28 September 1939 at Dargah Sharif Pir Jhando.[1]
The news will be heard in the academic circles with knowledge and sadness that the famous scholar Ehsanullah Shah Sahib of Jhanda Goth District, Hyperabad, Sindh, who was a great lover of pen books, passed away from this world on 1358H at the age of forty-four years. The deceased was a great scholar of hadith and Rijal, his library had a large collection of rare books of hadith and commentary. His scribes and transcribers were full of copying new books. The deceased was distinguished in both knowledge and practice as well as the Sajjāda nashīn of a monastery and the follower of Tariq Salaf.
— Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Yad-e-Raftegan
Family[edit]
His sons Muhibullah Shah Rashdi (1923-1995)[8][unreliable source?] and Badi' ud-Din Shah al-Rashidi(1926-1996)[9] (Arabic: بديع الدين السندي) continued the dissemination of their father's teachings.[2]:275
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 "Contributions of Allama Syed Ihsanullah Shah Rashdi Towards Religion and Education". The Scholar Islamic Academic Research Journal (in Sindhi). January 1, 2017 – via Internet Archive.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Muhibullah Shah Rashdi (2015-02-12). "Majallah Bahrul Uloom Muhaddis Ul Asar" (in Urdu). pp. 41, 43, 275, 34, 25, 15 – via Internet Archive.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
- ↑ Nuhrio, Abdul Aziz; Bhutto, Saifullah (November 28, 2016). "Urdu - Role of Madrisah Dar-Ur-Rashad In The Spiritual, Educational and Literary History of Sindh". Australian Journal of Humanities and Islamic Studies Research. 2 (1): 195 – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "سندھ میں راشدی خاندان کا خاندانی وتاریخی پس منظر اور ان کی دینی خدمات کا جائزہ - مجلہ اسوہ حسنہ". December 15, 2013.
- ↑ ماہنامہ شریعت سکھر سوانح نمبر ، صفحہ : 414
- ↑ Ansari, Sarah (January 31, 1992). Sufi Saints and State Power - The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-40530-0 – via Internet Archive. Search this book on
- ↑ Shaykh Syed Sulaiman Nadvi. Yaad e Raftagan [Memoirs of Syed Sulaiman Nadi] (in Urdu). Islamic Broadcasting Council. p. 186 – via Internet Archive.CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) Search this book on
- ↑ "[Biography] – Shaikh Muhibullah Shah ar-Rashidi as-Sindhi [1415H]". Salafi Research Institute. August 6, 2015.
- ↑ اللہ, الشیخ محمد ارشد کمال حفظہ (September 27, 2021). "مختصر تعارف سید بدیع الدین شاہ الراشدی رحمہ اللہ".
- Nuhrio, Abdul Aziz. A Study of Religious and Educational Services of the Family of Pir Jhando (Thesis). University of Sindh.
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